Ifiva ephuzi ibangelwa yiFlavivirus. Ngokuqhelekileyo abantu baqhagamshelana nale ntsho longwane ngenxa yokulunywa kwimiyane, kwaye ixhaphake kakhulu e-Afrika, eMntla America naseMzantsi Melika. Nangona kunjalo, ukuqubuka kungenzeka nakweyiphi na kwihlabathi. Ziyakwenzeka ngokukhethekileyo kwiindawo ezinabantu abaninzi.
Akuyena wonke umntu otyalwa ngumlingo osulelekileyo uya kugula, nangona kunjalo.
Kuphela amaqela abantu abakho banokufumana isivumelwano esinzima sokugula.
Izizathu eziqhelekileyo
Nangona utyumpo obushushu buyinto ebangelwa yintsholongwane ye-yellow, ayikho yodwa imbangela. Kwakhona kunokwenzeka ukuba ubambe umkhuhlane we-yellow if you bite by primate infection or human. Enyanisweni, abantu kunye nezilwanyana ziba nzima kakhulu ukuba zilume ngaphezu kobuthi, ngoko isilwanyana esetyholwe asiyikufuphi esichengeni.
Ezinye izilwanyana ezilumayo kunye nezinambuzane aziyiyo ingozi kuba abantu, ama-primates, kunye neentongwane kuphela abaziwayo iintsholongwane.
Kwakhona, akuzona zonke iintozane eziphethe intsholongwane ye-yellow fever-kuphela iindidi ezinomsoco eziyaziwayo ukuba zithwale. Ukongezelela, ezo ntsholongwane zibeka ingozi xa zibethe umntu ogulayo okanye isilwanyana. Emva kokuba intsholongwane ingena kwigazi legazi, iphelela kwimigqomo yalo. Xa umiyane lusiluma, i-saliva yayo iyayifaka egazini lethu.
Izifo Zasabalala
Ifiva ephuzi ayifakwanga ngokuthe ngqo ukusuka kumntu omnye ukuya kwelinye, kungekhona nobudlelwane obusondeleyo-kuthatha uhlobo oluthile lokuluma ukuze ufumane intsholongwane ngqo kwigazi lakho.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuqubuka kwiindawo zasezidolophini kuqala ngomntu oye watyelela e-Afrika e-Afrika, eMntla Merika okanye eMzantsi Melika.
Kule mimandla, i-yellow fever inomdla kumazwe angama-47, apho kukholwa ukuba inani labantu be-monkey likhulelwe kakhulu. I-Afrika engaphantsi kweSahara ihlala kwikhaya elingama-90 ekhulwini lamatyala anyaka ngamnye.
Ngenxa yokuba umntu onentsholongwane akaqalanga ukuba neempawu zeentsuku ezimbalwa, abahlala bengakwazi ukuba bagula xa bebuyela ekhaya. Emva koko banako ukusasaza intsholongwane kumazinyo angakhuselekanga ukuqala kancane ngaphambi kokuba umkhuhlane uhlasele kwaye emva kweentsuku ezintathu ukuya ezintlanu emva koko. Oku kunokukhokelela ekugqibeleni. Kunokwenzeka ukuba iziqhambuka zikhokelela kwizifo zesifo.
Nangona kunjalo, ngokwe-World Health Organisation (WHO), imimiselo ethile kufuneka ihlanganiselwe ukuba kuqhambuka isifo. Ummandla umntu onentsholongwane kufuneka ukuba:
- Iintlobo zezilumko ezikwazi ukuzithumela
- Iimeko ezizimeleyo (okt, amahlathi emvula ashushu, ukunyuka kwamanzi, imizimba yamanzi njengamachibi)
- Uninzi lwabahlali bezilwanyana ukuze balondoloze
- Inani elikhulu labantu abangenasigxina
I-WHO iqikelela ukuba, kwihlabathi lonke, sibona malunga nama-200,000 amaxesha achazwa ngumhlaza we-yellow fever minyaka yonke. Abantu abangaba ngu-30,000 bafa kuwo ngonyaka.
Zizo kuphela iimeko ezichaziweyo, nangona kunjalo. Asikwazi ukuthetha ukuba bangaphi abantu abahla ngeemeko ezincinci kuba ngokuqhelekileyo nje kuphela ezinzima ezichazwe.
Olunye uphando olushicilelwe ngo-2014 luqikelele ukuba kwindawo ethile phakathi kwabangu-70 abantu banesifo sengqondo esifanelekileyo kwimeko nganye enzima.
Genetics
Abantu abathile banokuthi bafe ngenxa yomshushu ophuzi kunamanye ngokusekelwe kwi-genetics yabo.
Uphononongo luka-2014 olupapashwe kwiphephancwadi i- MBio libika ukuba nge-19th-century kuphazamiseka e-United States, ukufa kwaphantse kwaphindwe ngokuphindwe kasikhombisa kwiCaucasians (abantu abamhlophe) kunokuba bangabantu baseCaucasian. Babecinga ukuba ulwahlulo lwalubangelwa ukungafani kofuzo kwiinkalo ezithile zesistim somzimba.
Izinto zokuPhila kweengozi
Into ebalulekileyo yengozi ye-yellow fever ihlala okanye ihamba kwimimandla apho i-yellow fever iqhelekile.
Nangona kunjalo, loo mngcipheko ungancitshiswa kakhulu ngokugonywa. Amanye amazwe apho esi sifo siphelele khona asiyi kuvumela abantu ukuba bangene ngaphandle kobungqina bokuba banesigontsho.
Iintsana kunye nabantu abangaphezu kwama-50 banamathuba okuba bahlakulele imeko ezinzima baze bafe nge-yellow fever.
Nangona kunjalo, ukukhusela okufanelekileyo kunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko wokubambisana nesifo. Kwalabo abasulelekileyo kwaye baneempawu ezinzima, ukugqithiswa kwonyango kubalulekile.
> Imithombo:
> Blake LE, Garcia-Blanco MA. Ukuhluka kofuzo lomntu kunye nokufa kwe-yellow fever ngexesha le-19 leminyaka. mBio. 2014 Juni 3; 5 (3): e01253-14. i-doi: 10.1128 / mBio.01253-14.
> UJohansson MA, Vasconcelos PF, iSapaples JE. Yonke inqabileyo: ukuqikelela iziganeko zentsholongwane yegciwane lesifo se-yellow fever virus. Ukuthengiswa kweRoyal Society yeTropical Medicine ne-Hygiene. 2014 Aug; 108 (8): 482-7. i-doi: 10.1093 / trstmh / tru092.
> Umbutho WezeMpilo Wehlabathi. I-Yellow Fever: I-Fact Sheet Matshi 2018.