Akufanele ufumane isifo kwigazi.
E-US, abaxhasi begazi kunye negazi labo bahlolisiswa ngokugqithiseleyo ukukhusela ukusuleleka kwezifo.
Akukho nto igqibeleleyo, kodwa izingozi ziphantsi. Izifo ezitsha, iintsholongwane ezingabonakaliyo zingadlulela ingcamango-okanye ibhodi ayifanelekanga.
Kukho igazi elinikwe eMelika ngamnye ngonyaka. Izigidi eziyi-9,5 zinikela ngegazi.
Ku malunga ne-1 kuma-33 aseMelika ngamnye ngonyaka. Izigidi ezi-5 zifumana ukudluliselwa kwezigidi ezi-14 ngonyaka.
Ehlabathini lonke, akuyiyo yonke into ehlolwayo kunye nathi esinokuyifuna. Ngokutsho kwe-WHO, ngo-2012, amazwe angama-39 akayi vavanyo yonke iminikelo ngokuthe rhoqo kwiintsholongwane ezibalulekileyo (i-HIV, i-Hep B, i-Hep C, i-syphilis) kunye nesiqingatha seminikelo emazweni angaphantsi-mali ahlolwe kwiiLbs eziqinisekisiwe, intsingiselo kukho ukuvavanya ukuqinisekisa ukuba iziphumo zebra zilindelwe ukuba zichaneke.
Ziziphi izifo ezihlolwayo?
E-US ezi zifo zilandelayo zivavanywa ngeemviwo ezilandelayo:
- Iibhaktheriya - Inkcubeko yeBhaktheriya
- I-hepatitis B - i-Hep B yomhlaba we-antigen kunye ne-antibody engundoqo
- I-Hepatitis C - u-antiplant Hep C kunye novavanyo lwe-nucleic acid ukuqinisekiswa kwe-acid (NAT)
- I-HIV-1 kunye ne-HIV-2 kunye ne-Nucleic acid amplification (NAT) ye-HIV-1
- I-HTLV-HTLV-I kunye ne-HTLV-II
- I-Syphilis - Anti-treponemal (syphilis) i-antibody detection
- I-Virtual Nile Virus - i-NAT ye-Virtual Nile Virus
Igazi lihlolwe iChagas ngokusebenzisa uvavanyo lwe- Trypanosoma cruzi . Kwezinye izigulane ze-CMV-negative (i-immunocompromised or transplant patients) ihlolwe i-CMV.
I-Babesia, i-parasite ngokuqhelekileyo i-tickborne, yenye yezona zifo eziqhelekileyo ezigqithiseleyo ekugqibeleni kwi-US njengoko uvavanyo aluqhelekanga.
Iyakwazi ukunyangaka xa ifunyanwe kwaye izifo zihlala zipholile. Ezinye iziganeko-ezimele inani elincinci kakhulu lokumpontshelwa igazi-zenzekile kwaye yinto ebalulekileyo kakhulu ebangelwayo ukufa okungaqhelekanga okubangelwa izifo ezithintela igazi.
Abaphi na abaxhasi banqatshelwe?
Kukho imibuzo eninzi yokuhlola ukuphepha abaxhasi abasengozini yokusuleleka ukuba iimvavanyo zegazi zingaphuthelwa.
E-US, abaxhasi kufuneka balinde ukuba banike igazi xa benesifo somkhuhlane, ngaba i-antibiotiki okanye unyango lwe-TB, kungekudala unesigodlo sokuphila (MMR - Measles, Mumps, Rubella, Chicken, Shingles, Yellow Fever, Polio, Hepatitis B, i-Smallpox). Abo ba valelwe okanye bavalelwe entolongweni, ijele, ukugcinwa kweentshaba ezingama-72 iiyure kufuneka zilinde unyaka wokuqala ukunikela.
Uya kufuneka ulinde ukuba kunyaka ophelileyo, unayo i-gonorrhea okanye i-syphilis, ukumpontshelwa igazi, okanye umzobo kwenye yezinto ezininzi ezingagunyazisi ukusetyenziswa kwe tattoo.
Igazi alihlolwe i-malaria. Uya kufuneka ulinde iminyaka engama-3 ukuba uphathwe nge-malaria okanye uhlala iminyaka emi-5 okanye kwimeko enomdlavuza. Uya kufuneka ulinde unyaka owodwa ukuba uye waya kwindawo ene-malaria.
Kuye kubekho nemingcipheko kumadoda alala ngesini kunye namadoda, ngoku awanciphise umnikelo wegazi kulabo abangazange balale ngesondo kunyaka odlulileyo.
Oko kukuthi, amadoda angama-gay awavunyelwe izikhokelo ze-FDA ukunikela ngegazi xa belele ngesondo nomntu onyakeni odlulileyo.
Awukwazi ukunika igazi ukuba uye wasebenzisa izidakamizwa ze-IV ngaphandle komyalelo wesigqirha, sele usebenze kumsebenzi wocansi wezorhwebo, okanye ube neqabane kumnye na kula maqela aphezulu okwe-HIV.
Ukuze ugweme i-CJD, abaxhasi abavunyelwe ukuba bathathe i-insulin ye-bovine okanye ukuxilongwa kwegazi e-UK. Awukwazi ukunikela ngegazi ukuba uhlala e-UK ukususela ngo-1980-1996 kwiinyanga ezi-3 akakwazi ukunikela, ukuba babehlala kwiindawo ezisemthethweni zase-Yurophu kwiinyanga ezili-6, okanye eYurophu ukususela ngo-1980 iminyaka emi-5.
Umnikelo wegazi awukwazi kwenzeka rhoqo. Iminikelo yonke yegazi emva kweentsuku ezingama-56, iiplatelets nganye iintsuku ezi-7 (ukuya kumaxesha angama-24 ngonyaka), i-plasma nganye iintsuku ezingama-28 (ukuya kumaxesha angama-13 ngonyaka)
Yintoni eyingozi?
Umngcipheko we-HIV ngowona-1 kwizigidi ezi-2.
Umngcipheko we-Hepatitis B ngowama-1 kwi-200,000 (Gonyelwa!)
Umngcipheko we-Heptitis C ngowona-1 kwizigidi ezi-2.
Kuye kubekho ukukhathazeka ukuba i-Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob isifo (vCJD) - okanye iMad Cow Disease - iza kufakelwa ngegazi. Oku akuzange kubonwe, kodwa ukuba uqaphele, abo babenokuba bavelele (abahlala kwiindawo apho i-Mad Cow Disease isasazeka kwizilwanyana) abavunyelwe ukunikela ngegazi.
Ngaba Ingxaki Ukuba Ndiyagula Njengoko Ndifumana iGazi?
Enyanisweni, kuninzi ukuphendula kwigazi ezingahambelani nezifo. Ezi zinokubonakala zifana nezifo kodwa i-immune system isabela kwigazi elitsha, kungekho naziphi na ii-bacteria, intsholongwane, i-parasite, okanye ezinye izifo.
Abaninzi baneempembelelo ezichasayo kwigazi okanye nakweyiphi na into egazini-kuquka iyeza kunye nokutya (njengokuba kunokwenzeka nokuba izilwanyana zidliwe ngumnikeli).
Ezi ziphumo ezichaphazelekayo zibandakanya
- umkhuhlane
- bhinqa
- isikhumba sombala
- isicaphulelo
- ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi
- ukuphefumula ukuphefumula
- uzive uxhalabile
- isifuba okanye intlungu
Oku kunokuba ngumnene. Oku kuya kuba nzima. Qiniseka ukuxelela umongikazi okanye ugqirha ngokukhawuleza ukuba unayo le mpawu. Ukuphendula kungaphathwa ngabaqeqeshi bezempilo.
Kukho nezinye iimpendulo. Kukho ukuphendula kwigazi, ingakumbi ukuba ukufana kwegazi kwakungaphelelekanga. Oku kunokubangela ukuba umzimba utshabalalise iiseli zegazi, kubangele i-hemolysis okanye ukuvela kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi. Ezi zinokuba nzima (Impendulo ye-Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction) okanye ukulibaziseka (Ukuchithwa kwe-Hemolytic Transfusion reaction) okanye ukusabela kokumpontshelwa kwe-serological). Kukho ukulimala kwamaphaphu (ukulimala okunxulumene nokutshatyalaliswa kwemiphunga) kunye neendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuphendula.
Ngaba Kukho Izifo?
Igazi alizange lihlale likhuselekile. Uvavanyo olutsha lushintshile le nto. Icala lokuqala leNTSHOLONGWANE YENTSHOLONGWANE YENTSHOLONGWANE KAGAWULAYO (HIV) esetyenziswe ngegazi yaqatshelwa ngo-1982. Ngo-2001, kucingelwa ukuba abantu abayi-14,262 bane-AIDS ngenxa yokunyelwa igazi. Amanye amazwe alibaziseka ukuvavanywa nokuba ukuvavanywa kwexesha kwakungaphelelanga eJapan naseJamani emva kwamanye amazwe aqala ukugcina inkqubo yegazi engena-HIV.
Akukho mntu ufumaniswe ukuba une-HIV-2 ukusuka ekutyeni igazi e-US. Igazi lihlolwe kuphela kwiintsholongwane, kungekhona kwintsholongwane ngokwayo kuba usulelo luyinto engavamile kwi-US. Kuphela abaxhasi begazi abaye bafunyanwa babe ne-HIV-2 ngo-1998.
Kwakhona kukho iimeko zeNtsholongwane yaseNtshonalanga yeNayile (eyabikwa ngo-2002) kunye neChagas esetyenziswe ngokuxilongwa ngegazi ngexesha elidlulileyo.