I-stroke inokuvelisa utshintsho olutshintsha ubomi, njengombono ongonakali kunye nokunciphisa amandla kunye nokusebenzisana. Ukongeza kwimiba ebonakalayo yokukhubazeka kwesibetho, isifo siza kuvelisa utshintsho lomntu obalulekileyo. Ukuba usisindiswa sisifo, ukutshintsha kwakho kwimeko yokutshatyalaliswa kwimizimba kunokutshatyalalisa wena kunye nabathandekayo bakho ngokumangalisa ukuba ngokukhawuleza ungenzi "ngokwakho".
Emva kokuba ufunde indlela yokuchonga utshintsho oluntu oluqhelekileyo emva kokuphazamiseka, unokuqala ukufumana ingqiqo yokuqinisekisa, ukuba uyazi ukuba kukho isizathu sokuba wena okanye wakho umthandayo unokwenza okungafaniyo. Ukuqaphela ukuguquka komntu kunokuthatha isinyathelo esinzulu ekuguquleni ukuziphatha okungafunekiyo njengoko uzimisele ukwenza ukubuyisela ezinye iimpawu zobuntu ezenza uzive ngathi "wena."
Ukuxinezeleka
Emva kokuphazamiseka, kuyaqheleke ukuba ufumane ingxaki yolwaphulo kunye nokudabuka. Enyanisweni, ininzi engama-60 engama-survivors of stroke ingxelo yokuhlala ixinezelekile, yinto yokudandatheka okugqithiseleyo kwaye ihlala ixesha elide ngaphezu kokudabuka.
Ukudakumba kokudabuka kwe-post-stroke kubangelwa kukudibana kwezinto eziphilayo kunye nezimo. Okokuqala, iziphumo ezibonakalayo zokubetha, njengobuthathaka, ukulahleka kombono, kunye neengxaki zokulungelelanisa kunokubangela ukuba unesidima xa unomuzwa wokuphelelwa amandla ngenxa yokukhubazeka kwakho.
Ukongezelela, emva kokuphazamiseka, unokukhathazeka ngempilo yakho okanye ukukhathazeka ngamava malunga nokufa kwakho. Imvakalelo eyabangela ukunganakuncedo okanye ukungathembeki kunokunceda ekudakaleni kwengcinezelo.
Kwaye umonakalo owenziwe ngengozi kumbilini unokuvelisa utshintsho kwindlela osebenza ngayo ingqondo, okubangelwa kukuguqulwa kwezinto eziphilayo ezikhokelela ekudakaleni.
Naphezu kwazo zonke ezi zinto zigalelo ekuphuhliseni ukuxinezeleka kwangemva kwesifo, ukuxinezeleka kwangemva kwesifo ngokuqhelekileyo kunokunyangwa ngeendlela ezidibeneyo ezibandakanya amayeza kunye nokucebisa.
Nangona kunjalo, abantu abaninzi banqwenela ukufumana unyango lokudandatheka. Abanye abasindileyo besilumko bayanqika ukuthabatha idilesi yokudakumba ngaphandle kokuxhalabisa ukuba ingaba isiprofeto esizizalisayo. Abanye abathembeli kwinkqubo yezokwelapha ukujongana nemiba yeemvakalelo, abanye bajonga ukuxinezeleka njengophawu lobuthathaka.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuba wena okanye wakho umthandayo unemvakalelo yokudabuka okanye yokuphelelwa ithemba, unokufumana uncedo olufanelekileyo kule ngxaki. Ukuqaphela ukuba ukuxinezeleka kwakho akuyiyo iphoso lakho kwaye akusona uphawu lobuthathaka kukunyathelo lokunika unyango olufanelekileyo.
Uxhala
Emva kokuphazamiseka, ukuhlala kwedwa kungenzeka xa ungasakwazi ukwenza izinto ezifanayo owazenzayo. Ukuba kufuneka ushiye umsebenzi wakho emva kokuphazamiseka, okanye ukuba awuseyona nxalenye yobomi bakho bentlalo rhoqo, oku kunokukhokelela ekubeni unesizungu.
Abanye abasindileyo besifo sikhubazeko esenza ukuba kunzima ukuqhuba, ukushiya indlu okanye nokuba uphume ebhedeni. Ukukhubazeka okwedlulele kunokuba kufuna ukufudukela kwindawo entsha yokuphila , inxalenye yokufumana uncedo olungakumbi ngempilo yemihla ngemihla, kwaye inxalenye yokunciphisa ukuzimela kunye nokodwa.
Umntu ngamnye osindayo uyakwazi ukunqoba umva wecala lolo lonwabo ngendlela yakhe ekhethekileyo.
Ukulahlekelwa kobuchule beCognitive
Ukulahlekelwa kwezakhono zengqondo emva kokuba kuqhutywe isifo emva kokuphazamiseka phantse kunoma yimuphi ummandla wengqondo, kodwa kaninzi kwi-lobe yangaphambili, i-lobe ye-parietal okanye i-lobes ye-temporal.
Utshintsho lwezakhono zengqondo ziquka inkathazo nokuxazulula iingxaki, ubunzima bokufunda, kunye neengxaki ngokubala okubalwa kwemathematika. Abanye abasindileyo bebaleka, bayalibala amagama, okanye balahlekelwa izinto okanye bayalibala ukunyamekela imisebenzi ebalulekileyo. Ukulahlekelwa kwengqondo kungabangela ukudideka okanye kunokukwenza kube nzima ukuqonda iingcamango eziza kukwazi ukuqonda.
Ukulahlekelwa kwezakhono ezingqondweni kunokukhathazeka kakhulu ngenxa yabasindileyo, kwaye abaninzi abasindayo bayakuphika, besenza izizathu zokuphosa iimpazamo, okanye baxoxe ngeemposiso zokuphepha ukuhlazeka.
Ukwakha izakhono zengqondo kuyinselele, kodwa njengoko ukukhubazeka ngokomzimba kunokuphucula unyango lomzimba, ukukhubazeka kwengqondo kuya kuphucula unyango oluneenkcukacha.
Ukuzinza Kwengqondo
Abaninzi abasindileyo baziva bexakeke gqitha okanye bakhala ngokukhawuleza okanye behleka. Abanye abasindileyo besifo bafumana imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-pseudobulbar ithintela , ebonakalisa ukutshintsha kwemizwelo kunye neentetho ezingenakulawulwa.
Ukungabi Nentshukumo
Ukuphazamiseka kungaholela ekungabikho kokukhuthazwa, okubizwa ngokuba yikunganakwa. Ukungabi nantoni kwenzeka emva kweentlobo ezininzi zokulimala kwengqondo. Kukho izizathu ezininzi zokungabikho kokuphazamiseka kwesithuba.
Ukwehla kwamakhono okuqonda (ukuxazulula iingxaki kunye nezakhono zokucinga) emva kokuphazamiseka kungenza imisebenzi emininzi ibonakale inzima kwaye ingenakukhutshwa. Ukongezelela, ukuphuhliswa kokudakumba kwengcinezelo, emva kokuba unomthwalo omncinci wokusingatha emva kokuphazamiseka, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha uvakalelwa kukuba "akukho mntu uya kuphawula" oko ukwenzayo, unokukhokelela ekungabandakeni.
Ekugqibeleni, ukunganakwa kungenzeka ngenxa yokutshintshwa kwisakhiwo kunye nomsebenzi wengqondo eyesibili ukuya kwisifo.
Inkcaso
Abanye abasindileyo banobudlova bangalindelekanga kwaye banomsindo, beziphatha ngeendlela ezinobungozi okanye ezinobundlobongela. Ukunyanzeliswa, njengenye iinguqu zokuziphatha kwezitshixo kunye nokuziphatha komntu, ngokuqhelekileyo kubangelwa yimvakalelo yomzwelo malunga nokuphazamiseka kunye nokulimala kwengqondo.
Inkcaso ibonakala ngokukodwa kwiintsholongwane zasoloko zine-stroke pattern eyenza ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kwe-vascular. Isifo sengqondo se-Vascular dementia senzeke xa ezininzi izibetho ezincinci zenzeka ngexesha lexesha, ezikhokelela ekwenzeni ukulimala kulo lonke ubuchopho, kwaye kubangele uhlobo oluthile lokugula komqondo. Isifo sengqondo se-Vascular dementia sibonakala ngokuhla kweememori kunye nezakhono zokucinga, ukudideka, inkathazo yokufumana izinto, inkathazo kunye nezikhokelo zokuziphatha.
Ukulahla iStroke: iAnosognosia
U-Anosognosia uchaza ukuba umntu ongasakwazi ukuphazamiseka isifo sokubamba isifo ukuba aqonde ukuba unesifo. U-Anosognosia ubonakaliswa ngokuzithemba okukhulu kunye nokungazi ukuba akukho nto iphosakeleyo emva kokuphazamiseka. Enyanisweni, umntu onalo i-anosognosia angabonakalisa ukumangalisa nokuphazamiseka ekubeni kukho nayiphi na inkathalo yonyango elawulwayo yonke.
Abasindileyo be-stroke abane-anosognosia bafumana ingxaki inzima kubathandekayo kunye nabanonophelo, abazama ukunika uncedo kunye nokunyamekela, kaninzi bengabambisani. Ngamanye amaxesha abasindileyo abaphethwe yi-stroke abane-anorognosia baphatha abo bazama ukubancedisa ukuxoshwa okanye ukukhishwa.
Ukungabi Nesihe
Ukungabi nzovelwano emva kokuphazamiseka kubangelwa ngumonakalo wengqondo ochaphazela imimandla yecala lasekunene kwengqondo. Ukungabi novelwano kukuguquka kokuziphatha okuvame ukuphazamisa abahlobo kunye nabathandekayo, kodwa ngokungaqhelekanga ngophuculo lomzimba.
Akunzima ukuqikelela ukuba ukungabi ncamango kuya kuphucula emva kokuphazamiseka, njengokuba abanye abasindileyo banobuchule bangabonakalisa ukuphuculwa, ngelixa abanye bengenzi.
Ukulahlekelwa Ngumntu Wokuzihlaziya
Umntu wokuhlaziya udinga ukuqonda nokucinga ngokukhawuleza. Ukuzidla kudla ngokusekelwe ekuqapheliseni ukuba iingcamango ezingafaniyo zingabambisene kunye nokuba zihlekisa kwaye zihlekisa xa zifakwa ndawonye.
Uninzi lweentlobo ze-stroke lunokunciphisa umonakalo owenziwe ngumntu osindileyo. Umntu osindayo owayekade ehlekisayo wayengenakukwazi ukwakha amahlaya kunye nomntu osindayo oza kukwazi ukubona nokuhleka amahlaya angeke akwazi ukwenza njalo.
Ukulahleka kwindlela yokuhlaziya kunokuba nzima ukubuyisela kuyo, ngenxa yokuba le mphuzu yokuxabana ibangelwa kukulahlekelwa kwezakhono zokuqonda. Nangona kunjalo, ukuqonda ukuba ukungabikho kwehlazo kubangelwa ukubetha, kungekhona ukuchaswa komntu, kunokukunceda ekuthintela iimvakalelo ezibuhlungu nokungaqondani xa umntu osindayo esiphenduliweyo engaphenduli ukukrazula kwenhliziyo njengoko kulindelwe.
Ukulahlekelwa kweMibutho yeNtlalo
Abanye abasindileyo beba neendlela ezinokuthathwa njengento engalunganga kuluntu emva kokuphazamiseka kwelo lobe elungileyo okanye elisekhohlo. Iimfuno ezinjengokuthatha ukutya kwisitya somntu wasemzini, ukuhlambalaza abantu ngokukhawuleza okanye ukuphazamisa okanye ukucima ebantwini, kunokubangela umngeni kubagcini bamalungu kunye namalungu entsapho abaxanduva lokukhusela nokunyamekela isilonda esiswini.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, umntu osindayo owonayo obonisa indlela yokuziphatha engamkelekanga kuluntu akakwazi ukuqonda ukuba izenzo azamkelekanga, kwaye akunakwenzeka ukuba uxolise okanye uzame ukulungisa ukuziphatha.
Ulwimi okanye ukuhlambalaza komntu osindileyo esichengeni isifo esivumbileyo esingazihambelani nesifo sobungozi sangaphambili asihambisani nomntu 'oqhelekileyo' ongaphambili okanye onenkolelo. Kwaye kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uqaphele ukuba izityholo ezithethayo azibonakali ukuba yintoni inqwelwe yintlungu 'evakalelwa ngokwenene, ngaphakathi ngaphakathi,' kodwa iyakwazi ukuba yimibandela awayeyivile kwisimo esingahambelani ngokupheleleyo, njengokuba incwadi okanye kumabonwakude.
Ukulahlekelwa kwe-social inhibition kunokulawulwa kangcono xa uphuculo lomzimba lukhululekile, kwindawo eqhelekileyo, kwaye ngaphantsi kokuxinzeleleka kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
Nomona
Uhlobo olunqabileyo lwe-stroke lubangela i-syndrome ebizwa ngokuthi i- Othello Syndrome, ebonakalisa ukukhweleka okungenangqiqo nokungenangqiqo, ngokukodwa kwimeko yokuthandana. Le syndrome inokuchaphazela abasindileyo besifo ngenxa yokulimala kwengqondo echaphazela indawo ye-cortex ye-cerebral right.
ILizwi
Ukuphazamiseka kunokubangela ukuba utshintsho olukhulu lomntu lunokukwenza uzive ngathi ulahlekelwe okanye ulahlekelwe ngumthandayo owaye wazi kakuhle. Utshintsho lomntu emva kokuphazamiseka lungakhuphaza emoyeni wonke umntu ochaphazelekayo.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umntu osindayo kunye nabathandekayo bayakuqonda ukuba umthombo wokuziphatha uvela kwimonakalo yengqondo ephazamiseka ngesisu, inokuqinisekisa wonke umntu ukwazi ukuba ukuziphatha okungathandekiyo akunakulungiswa okanye kuhloswe ukuba kuhlambalaze. Abasindileyo abasebenza ngokubethwa ngonyawo abanokufunda malunga nokutshintsha kokuziphatha kokutshatyalaliswa kwempilo kunokufumana ingqiqo eyaneleyo yokukwazi ukwenza utshintsho oluthile, olunokubangela ukuba ubudlelwane obulwanelisayo buninzi.
> Imithombo:
> Iziphumo ze-Neuropsychiatric ze-stroke, i-Hackett ML, iKöhler S, u-O'Brien JT, iMead GE, uLancet Neurol. 2014 ngoMeyi; 13 (5): 525-34