Akukho nkunkuma inokuphatha i-autism ngokukodwa, kodwa abaninzi banokunceda ngeempawu zayo
Ufunde ukuba akukho nonyango eyaziwayo yezokwelapha, kodwa ugqirha wakho ubeka amachiza. Yintoni na? Impendulo ilula. Ugqirha wakho akaphilisi i-autism: uphatha iimpawu ezithile ze-autism. Ngokuqhelekileyo, xa iimpawu ziphathwa, abantu abane-autism banokukwazi ukufunda, ukuthetha kunye nokuqhagamshelana ngokubanzi nabanye.
Iimpawu ze-Autism ezinokuthi ziphathwe ngezidakamizwa
Akubona wonke umntu onesifo sengqondo se-autism eneempawu ezifanayo, kwaye akuzona zonke iimpawu ezinokuphathwa ngamachiza. Ngokuqhelekileyo, xa izidakamizwa zichazwe kubantu abane-autism, zenzelwe ukujongana neempawu ezithile zokuziphatha, ukuxhalabisa, ukuxinezeleka, ukukhathazeka okunyanzelekileyo, imiba yokukhathazeka, ukuxhatshazwa, nokuguquka kwemizwelo evela kwimicimbi efana ne-bipolar disorder.
Ukunyamekela nokukhathazeka
I-serotonin reuptake inhibitors (i-SSRIs) ikhethiweyo i-selective ishicilelwe ukukhathazeka, ukuxinezeleka, kunye / okanye ingxaki yokunyanzeliswa (OCD). Kule ndawo, kuphela iprozac (i-fluoxetine) ivunyiwe yi-Food and Drug Administration (FDA) yokubandezeleka kwabantwana abaneminyaka eli-8 nangaphezulu kunye ne-OCD kubantwana abangama-7 nangaphezulu. I-Lexapro (escitalopram) iphinda ivunyiwe ukuba abantwana abanexinzelelo abaneminyaka eli-12 okanye ngaphezulu. I-SSRIs ezintathu ezivunyiwe kwi-OCD yiLuvox (i-fluvoxamine) yabantwana abaneminyaka eli-8 nangaphezulu; Zoloft (sertraline) kubantwana abaneminyaka engama-6 nangaphezulu; kunye no-Anafranil (i-clomipramine) yabantwana abaneminyaka eli-10 ubudala nangaphezulu.
I-Wellbutrin i-anti-depressant esebenza ngokungafaniyo kwi-SSRI kwiklasi ye-antidepressants kwaye ayivunyelwanga ukusetyenziswa kwabantwana.
Isixwayiso se-FDA Ngokuphathelele ii-SSRI izidakamizwa
I-FDA ikhuphe iingcebiso kwizigulane, iintsapho, kunye nabaqeqeshi bezempilo ukuze bajonge ngokugqithiseleyo abantu abadala kunye nabantwana abathatha uxinzelelo kwiimpawu zokuzibulala.
Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ekuqaleni kwonyango okanye xa amayeza ashintshiwe.
Ukuphathwa kweengxaki zokuziphatha
Uninzi lwabantwana abane-autistic baneengxaki ezibalulekileyo zokuziphatha. Ezinye zilawulwa ngamachiza angenalo amayeza afana nokuhlalutya kokuziphatha okusebenzayo (ABA), unyango lwe-floortime, njl. Kodwa xa iziphathamandla zingekho kulawulo okanye ziyingozi, kunokuba ixesha lokuqwalasela imishanguzo ye-antipsychotic. Oku kusebenza ngokunciphisa umsebenzi we-neurotransmitter dopamine kwingqondo. Kukho ezimbini iintlobo ze-antipsychotics, eziquka:
- Imithi yokuguqula i-antipsychotic: Imithi endala ye-antipsychotic efana ne-haloperidol, thioridazine, i-fluphenazine, ne-chlorpromazine, inokusebenza kakuhle ekuphatheni iingxaki ezinzulu zokuziphatha. Kodwa bonke, kuquka i-haloperidol, banokuba nemiphumo emibi efana ne-sedation, ukuqina komzimba, kunye nokunyuka okungaqhelekanga, ngoko ke amayeza ayasetyenziswa kuphela xa i-antipsychotics entsha ingayenzi loo msebenzi.
- Amachiza omtsha okulwa ne-antipsychotic: Ezinye ze-antipsychotics zintsha zintsholongwane zingabhetele ngakumbi, ngakumbi kubantwana. Olunye uphando olutshanje lubonise ukuba i-Risperdal (risperidone) kunye ne-Abilify (aripiprazole) isebenze kakuhle ekuncedeni ukulawula ulwaphulo kunye nokucaphuka kwabantwana. Bobabini bavunyelwe i-FDA ukuba baphathe kakubi kubantwana abane-autism; I-Risperdal ivunyiwe kubantwana abaneminyaka emi-5 okanye ngaphezulu kwaye i-Abilify ivunyiwe ukuba i-kids 6 kunye phezulu.
Ukunyangwa kwamaKhupha
Omnye wabantu abane abane-autism disorder disorder (ASD) unesifo sengxaki yokuthumba. Ngokuqhelekileyo, baphathwa nge-anticonvulsants ezifana neTegretol (carbamazepine), uLamictal (lamotrigine), i-Topamax (topiramate), okanye i-Depakote (i-valproic acid). Umgangatho wamachiza egazini kufuneka uhlolwe ngononophelo kwaye ulungelelaniswe ukuze imali encinci isetyenziswe isetyenziswe. Nangona amayeza adla ngokunciphisa inani lokuthintela, akunakudla ukuwaphelisa.
Ukunyanga ukungena kunye nokunyaniseka
Imithi ekhuthazayo njenge-Concerta (i-methylphenidate) ne-Strattera (i-atomoxetine) esetyenziswe ngokukhuselekileyo nangempumelelo kubantu abanenkinga yokukhathazeka kwengxaki (i-ADHD) nayo imiselwe abantwana abane-autism.
Ezi zonyango zinganciphisa ukunyanzeliswa kunye nokunyaniseka kwabanye abantwana, ngakumbi abo banezingane eziphezulu zokusebenza. I-Adderall (dextroamphetamine kunye ne-amphetamine) yenye into evuselelayo edla ngokusetyenziswa ngendlela efanayo neConta okanye iStrattera ukunceda ngokuqwalasela, ukugxila kunye neendlela zokuziphatha. I-Clorpres (i-clonidine), i-antihypertensive, ngamanye amaxesha imiselwe ukuba i-hyperactivity kunye nefuthe.
Ukuvavanya iikhowudi zeDrams
Zonke izicucu ezichazwe kweli nqaku zinokubangela iziphumo ezibi. Ezinye, xa zichazwe kwi-autism, zichazwe "ngaphandle kwelebula," oko kuthetha ukuba zichazwe ngeenjongo ngaphandle kwezinye ezo zivunyiwe. Khawukhumbule ukuba akukho ncedo lokungeniswa kweyeza lweza ngaphandle kweengozi.
Thethana noDokotela
Ngenxa yomngcipheko wongenelelo lwamayeza, kunengqondo ukusebenzisa iziyobisi kuphela xa kwaye kwaye xa iimpawu zinzima okanye zingenakulawulwa ngenye indlela. Nangona kunjalo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba udibane nogqirha wezokwelapha unamava kwi-autism kwaye, ukuba kufanelekile, isifo sezingane. Qinisekisa ukuba uyaqonda iziphumo ezichaphazelekayo. Buza ugqirha wakho ukuba ngaba nayiphi na yeziphumo ezibi zingabungozi kwaye qiniseka ukuba uyazi ukuba wenzeni ukuba kukho iingxaki. Yenza ukuqokwa kwamagqabantshintshi kwaye ugqirha wakho unokuvavanya impumelelo yonyango kwaye uncoma nayiphi na inguqu kumlinganiselo.
> Imithombo:
> DeFilippis M, Wagner KD. Unyango lwe-Autism Spectrum Disorder kwi-Children and Adolescents. Psychopharmacology Bulletin . 2016; 46 (2): 18-41.
> Abasebenzi beKliniki yabasebenzi. Ukuxhatshazwa kwabantwana kunye nentsha. Clinical Mayo. Ukuhlaziywa ngoMeyi 27, 2016.
> Van Schalkwyk GI, Lewis AS, Beyer C, Johnson J, van Rensburg S, iBloch MH. Ukusebenza kwee-Antipsychotics zokuNyanya nokuHlunyelwa kwabantwana: i-Meta-Analysis. Ukuphononongwa koMhloli weeurotherapeutics . NgoSeptemba 11, 2017; 17 (10): 1045-1053. i-doi: 10.1080 / 14737175.2017.1371012.