Yiyiphi iNdaba Ngendlela yokuKhuthaza ngokukhawuleza kwe-Autism?
Soma Mukhopadhyay ngumama waseNdiya ophuhlise inkqubo ephumelelayo yokufundisa nokuthetha kunye nendodana yakhe ye-autistic, uTito. Ubiza lo mkhwa indlela yoKhuthaza ngokuPhumela, okanye i-RPM. UTito, ngoku okhulile, usenamandla kakhulu , kodwa uye wavelisa iitalente njengombongi, umbhali kunye notitshala. Le ndlela isebenza njani? Ngaba kufanelekile ukuzama?
Indlela i-RPM yaphuhliswa ngayo
Ngo-2003, u-Soma Mukhopadhyay kunye nendodana yakhe uTito bavezwe kwi-CBS 60 imizuzu yesi-II ukuhlola indlela yakhe ekhethekileyo kwiyeza lika-autism. Ngo-2008, i-CNN yaqalisa inkqubo efanayo. Ebizwa ngokuba yiNkqubo yokuPhuthukisa ngokukhawuleza, yayibandakanya ukubuza imibuzo ngokukhawuleza, ukuqhubela phambili, nokubandakanya, ukudibanisa nokusetyenziswa kwebhodi ye-alphabet ye-alphabet ye-alphabet. Ngokwemiboniso (kunye ne-Soma) le ndlela yavumela uTito, ngokokuqala ngqa, ukuba axubushe ngokucacileyo iingcamango zakhe nezimvo. Iingcali ezichasayo malunga neempumelelo zika-Soma zibonisa ukuba mhlawumbi ijubane lokungenelela kuka-Soma liphazamisa ukuzondeza ngokuzenzekelayo nokugxininisa kwilizwe elikhulu.
Oku kuboniswa, kunye nomnye kwi-PBS, wachaza indlela uPortia Iversen afunde ngayo umsebenzi we-Soma kwaye wadibana naye ngethemba lokuba i-Soma ingamnceda unyana ka-Iversen, u-Dov. Iversen ngumfazi womvelisi uJonathan Shestack; kunye, isiqabane sakha isiseko sophando esibizwa ngokuba yiCure Autism Ngoku (ngoku iyingxenye ye-Autism Ithetha).
Emva koko i-Iversen yaphuma nencwadi ethi iStange Son , echaza ama-Soma ubuchule kwaye ithi RPM kunye "nokukhomba" (kwibhodi yokupelisa) yavumela i-Dov ukuba iqale ukuthetha ngokukhawuleza kwisigxina, izivakalisi zengqondo.
Ekubeni ukupapashwa kweNdodana kaStange, i-Soma ne-Portia baye bahlula iindlela, kodwa i-RPM iye yanda ekuthandweni ngenxa ye-Soma yentlangano (Ukuxhasa i-Autism ngokusebenzisa i-Learning and Outreach, okanye i-HALO) newebhusayithi ye-Portia.
Amabango ayenzelwe ukuphumelela kwe-RPM ekuncedeni abantu abaMagunya ukuthetha
U-Soma uthi umsebenzi wakhe kunye nabaxhasi baseAustin, eTexas, i-ofisi ibenza bakwazi ukuzilawula, bazikhethele ngokweenketho zabo, kwaye banxibelelana xa bekholelwa ukuba benze njalo usebenzisa ibhodi ye-alphabet. Ukufunda ngoku kunika iinkqubo zabazali kunye nokuqeqesha.
Inkqubo, ngokwe-website yeHalo:
... isebenzisa ipaladigm ethi "Phendula-Cela" ukuze ucele iimpendulo ngokusebenzisa izibongo ezinzulu, ezithengisayo, ezibonwayo kunye / okanye ezithe ngqo. I-RPM igxotha ubuchule bokunyusa umdla wabantwana, ukuzithemba nokuzithemba. Ukukhuthaza ukuncintisana nokuziphatha komfundi ngamnye, kwaye yenzelwe ukunceda abafundi baqalise impendulo. Izimpendulo zabafundi zivela ekukhetheni iimpendulo, ukukhomba, ukuthayipha nokubhala okubonisa ukuqonda kwabafundi, amandla okufunda kwaye ekugqibeleni, izakhono zokuthetha. I-RPM yindlela ephantsi kwezobuchwepheshe kulo mfuneko kuphela umyalelo, umfundi, iphepha kunye neepensile. Kodwa inzululwazi malunga nendlela kwaye isebenza ngayo abantu abathile inzima kakhulu.
Ngaba i-RPM iphumelele ngokwenene?
Kukho uphando oluncinane olubonisa ukuba i-RPM yindlela ekhethekileyo yokufundisa abantu kwi-autism.
Kukho, nangona kunjalo, amanqaku amaninzi okuphumelela, amaninzi awo athunyelwe kwiwebhusayithi yeHalo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iingcali ezininzi ziye zaphawula ukuba i-RPM inokukrokrela ngokufanayo noNxibelelwano oluHlangeneyo , indlela esetyenziswa ngayo ngoku ngokubakho abantu abane-autism ebonakalayo "babonisana" ngebhodibhodi. Kamva kwafumanisa ukuba ubuncinci be "intetho yonxibelelwano" ebonelelwe ngokwenene yimeko yolu "titshala" okhokela izandla zomntu ozimele.
Isifundo esilandelayo esilandelayo, esenziwa ngo-2012, saziphathe ngokuzibandakanya kunye ne-RPM. Ngelo xesha uphando lubonisa ukuba iziphathamandla ziyakwazi ukuhambelana nokufunda kunye noqhagamshelwano, abaphandi abaphandle ngokucacileyo baqwalasela iimpazamo kwisifundo ngokwalo.
Ukongezelela, abaphandi baquka lo mzobo kwiphepha labo:
Sichaza, okwangoku, umbuzo obalulekileyo ukuba ngaba unxibelelwano oluveliswe ngexesha lotyando lwe-RPM luyinyaniso. Injongo yethu kule ngqungquthela, isifundo esisekelwe kwimeko-mvavanyo kuphela ukuvavanya iziphumo zokuziphatha eziya kuhambelana nesicwangciso se-RPM esitshilo nesimo: ngaba kukho naziphi na iingxelo kwiiprogram ze-RPM ze-anecdotal? Ukuba iziphumo ezilinganiselweyo zihambelana neendlela ezifunwayo, umbuzo wokuba, ngubani, kwaye phantsi kweemeko ziphi i-RPM ezivelisa ukuxhumana ngokufanelekileyo kuya kuba yinto efanelekileyo yexesha elizayo, elihlukileyo, olukhulu lokufunda.
Ngo-2014, iWisconsin kwiSebe lezeMpilo zeeNkonzo zezeMpilo kunye nezinye iziPhene zokuPhuhlisa , okwesibini, zathi akukho uphando olunganeleyo ukuxhasa unyango. Kuye kwapapashwa amaphepha amabini aphethwe kwi-RPM, kwaye: "Akukho maphepha awayeyihlolisiso lwezobugcisa ekuhloliseni ukusebenza kwe-Rapid Prompting."
Ngaba kufuneka uzame u-RPM?
I-RPM kunye nokukhomba akuthinteli ingozi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abaxhaswa ngophando olufanelekileyo. Ukongezelela, kubonakala kunzima ukufumana iziphumo ezintle ezisekelwe kumnxibelelwano olusemthethweni kodwa kulindeleke kubagqirha nabazali.
Ngenxa yentshisekelo yophando, abazali abaya e-Austin kwi-inkonzo zika-Soma benza njalo ngenxa yesiseko sobufakazi kunye nethemba-kunye neendleko ezinkulu. Nangona kunjalo, kunokwenzeka ukuqala i-RPM kunye "nokukhomba" ngokwakho, ngokusebenza kumanqaku, iividiyo kunye nemiyalelo enikezelwe kwiwebhusayithi yeHALO.
ILizwi
Indlela yodwa yokukwazi ukuba unyango lusebenza njani ukuqala ngoluhlu lwesiseko, ukusekela iinjongo, kunye neenkqubo zokurekhoda kakuhle kunye neziphumo. Ingaba uzama i-RPM okanye olunye unyango, qiniseka ukuba usebenza nomgulana wengane yakho:
- Hlaziya isimo somntwana wakho esikhoyo malunga nonyango. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba unyango lufuneka ukuba luncede umntwana wakho akwazi ukuthetha, zithini izakhono zakhe zokunxibelelana okwangoku? Ngaba unokusebenzisa amagama athethekileyo? Zingaphi? Njani ngokufanelekileyo? Ngaba unokuyibhala? Ngaba usebenzisa ukuthayipha ukuthetha kunye, ukuba kunjalo, njani? Ngokufanelekileyo, uya kufuna ukukwazi ukuthelekisa inkqubela yomntwana wakho kumgangatho wemibolo (x ngaphandle kwee, u-X% wexesha, x inombolo yamagama, njl.).
- Yenza iinjongo ezicacileyo kunye neengcali. Yintoni kanye enethemba lokufezekisa nomntwana wakho, kwaye uvakalelwa yinjongo engqiqweni kwixesha elithile? Umzekelo: sebenzisa amagama amatsha amathathu ngokufanelekileyo kwiiveki ezintandathu, okanye sebenzisa i-spoon ngokuchanekileyo kwizilingo ezintlanu kwezilandathu.
- Thelekisa iziphumo zangempela kumabhenkethi kunye neenjongo. Kulula ukuba ugqirha ukuba akuxelele "jonga, uJohnny usebenza ngokubanzi kwaye uxhulumana!" Kodwa ngaba kunjalo? Okanye ngaba nje wahamba nje ngenyanga? Ukufumanisa ukuba, wena kunye / okanye umgqirha wakho uya kuyimfuneko ukuvavanya ubuchule bukaJohn ngelixesha lesibini uze uthelekise iziphumo ekuhlolweni kwakho kokuqala kunye neenjongo ozinzile.
> Izibonelelo:
> Chen, GM, Yoder, KJ, Ganzel, BL, Goodwin, MS, & Belmonte, MK (2012). Ukuhlakulela ukuziphatha okuphindaphindiweyo ukubandakanya ingqalelo kunye nokufunda kwiphilisi yomsindo nge-autism: uhlalutyo lokuhlola. Imida ye-Psychology , 3 , 12. http://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00012
> Elliot, uJames. Imfazwe ngendlela ephikisanayo yokunxibelelana kwe-autism. IAtlantiki. Julayi 20, 2016.
> Lang, Russell. Uphando kuphela oluphanda indlela yokukhupha ngokukhawuleza luneendlela ezingathintekiyo zendlela kodwa i-data ibonisa ukuba isiphumo esinokuthi sixhomekeke ngokukhawuleza. Uvavanyo loNxibelelwano oluSebenzisiweyo kunye noNgenophiso. Vol. 8, Issue 1, 2014.
> Ukunceda i-Autism ngokusebenzisa i-Learning and Outreach (HALO) Iwebhusayithi