Uqhagamshelwano olufanelekileyo lunzima kakhulu.
Uqhagamshelwano olufanelekileyo lubandakanya indlela ephantse-debunked yokunxibelelana nabantu abangenziyo ngomlomo kwi-autism . Iquka ukusetyenziswa kwebhodibhodi kunye "nomququzeleli" onomsebenzi wakhe ukuxhasa umntu we-autistic njengoko babhala iimpendulo zabo kwiimbuzo, iingcinga kunye neengxaki. Kwezinye iimeko, inkxaso iquka ukuthinteka ngokomzimba kweengalo zomntu ozimele.
Abaxhasayo beC FC bachaza iNkqubo
ISikhungo seMfundo sase-Syracuse kwiSebe leMfundo leNkcubeko kunye neNkampani iyaqhubeka nokufundisa iFC njengendlela efanelekileyo yokunxibelelana. Nantsi indlela abachaza ngayo ngoku abayibiza ngokuba "ukuchwetheza okuxhaswayo":
Uqhagamshelwano oluQinisekisiweyo (FC) okanye iTyping Support (IFC) luhlobo lolunye unxibelelwano olongezelelweyo nolusakhulayo (AAC) apho abantu abakhubazekileyo kunye nokukhubazeka kokuthintana baziveza ngokwabo (kubz. Kwimifanekiso, iileta okanye izinto) kwaye, ngokuqhelekileyo, ngokuthayipha (umz. kwibhodibhodi). Le ndlela ibandakanya umlingane onxibelelwano onokubakhuthaza emoyeni, ukuxhasana (umz., Ukubeka iliso ukuqinisekisa ukuba umntu ubheka ikhibhodi kwaye uhlolisise iimpazamo ze typographical) kunye neendidi ezahlukeneyo zenkxaso yomzimba, umzekelo ukuphucula nokuzinzisa ukunyakaza komntu, ukuvimbela ukuphawula okuphazamisayo, okanye ukukhuthaza umntu ukuba aqalise ukukhomba; umququzeleli akafanele ahambe okanye aholele umntu.
Ngokuqhelekileyo kubhekiselwa kwindlela efana noQeqesho loQeqesho loQeqesho ngoba injongo yokuzifakela ngokuzimeleyo, ukuthayipha okuzimeleyo (umz., Isandla kwisigxina okanye umgca ophakathi) okanye ukudibanisa nokuthetha ngokuthayipha - abanye abantu baye bahlakulela ukukwazi ukufunda ngokubhaliweyo kunye / okanye ukuthetha ngaphambili kwaye njengoko babhala. Ukuthayipha ukuthetha kukukhuthaza ukufikelela ekusebenzisaneni kwezentlalo, kwizifundo kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba kwizikolo ezibandakanya kunye noluntu.
Imbali yoNxibelelwano oluManyeneyo
Umnxibelelwano olungeleleneyo waqala ukuvezwa ngu-Australia waseRussia uRosemary Crossley, umqeshwa waseSt. Nicholas Hospital eMelbourne, e-Australia. Ngomdla we-1980 kule nkqubo yayikhula. Ukuba isemthethweni, iFC inokuthi "ivule" iingcinga zabantu abangenabantu, okwenza bakwazi ukuthetha zabo iingcamango, iingcinga kunye neemfuno zabo.
Ngomnyaka wee-1990, umdla omkhulu kwiC FC kwakhokelela kwizinto ezibonakala ngathi ziziphumo ezingavamile: abantu abangabandakanyekiyo kwihlabathi bazithetha ngokukhawuleza iingcamango nezicamango. Kwezinye iimeko, bechaza neziganeko zokuxhaphazwa ngokwesondo. Emva kokuphikisana okukhulu, abaphandi bafumanisa ukuba abantu abacatshangelwa ukuba "baxoxisana" babesoloko bekhokelwa ngokwenene ngabaququzeleli babo.
Ngowe-1994, uMbutho wezeMpilo waseMelika wathi ngokubakho akukho bungqina bobunzululwazi obuxhasa i FC. I-American Speech-Language-Hearing Association kunye ne-American Academy ye-Pediatrics zikhuphe iingxelo ezifanayo. Inkxalabo yabo - ukuba iFC ingenokwenzakalisa ingozi - ixhaswa xa abantu abaninzi be-autistic, besetyenziselwa i-FC, ekuthiwa bayabanjelwa abadlwenguliweyo ngabathwali babo.
Emva kophando oluninzi kunye nentlungu, iimeko zaxoshwa.
Nangona kukho iziphumo ezimbi kunye nokuphikisana, inzala kwiC FC yaqhubeka. ISyunivesithi yaseSyrause, eyasungula iSikole soNxibelelwano esiCwangcisiweyo, yenza uphando. Amaxwebhu, kuquka i-Akhawunti ye-Academy ye-Akhawunti ye- Autism yi -2005. Abaphandi baseSyrafusa, kunye neYunivesithi yaseKansas kunye neYunivesithi yaseNew Hampshire (phakathi kwabanye) baqhubeka bephanda iC FC ngokuqonda ukuba kuyinkalo esemthethweni yokufunda.
I-Case Against FC
Ngokuqhelekileyo, oogqirha abaqhelekileyo bayayenqaba i-FC, kunye nemibutho equka i-American Speech-Hearing-Language Association, i-American Psychological Association, kunye nabanye abaneemigaqo-nkqubo ecacileyo ethi iFC yinkqubo engavumelekanga enokubangela ukonakaliswa ngaphezu kokulungileyo.
Abo bantu abanqwenela i-FC bathi i-FC-facilitator-oxhase ngokwenyama ingalo okanye isandla saloo typer - eqinisweni, uthabathe ingqondo yakhe okanye ingcamango yakhe. Ngamanye amaxesha, ezo ngcamango zibandakanya izibango ezingabonakaliyo zokuxhatshazwa kwabazali kunye nabaxhasi.
Ukucacisa inkcazo yeC FC, abanye abaphandi bafanisa iFC nebhodi ye-Ouija. Ibhodi ye-ouija ibhodi eneencwadi kuso. Abantu ababini babeka iminwe yabo kummakishi, kwaye imimoya yabafileyo ifanele iholele izandla zabo kwiibhokisi ebhodini, ipela umyalezo ovela ngaphesheya kwengcwaba. Ngokugqithiseleyo umyalezo, ngokuqinisekileyo, uyapapashwa-kodwa uphando lubonise ukuba abasebenzisi ngokwabo abazitholi ngezandla zabo.
I-Case ye FC
Abo bantu abaxhasa iFC njengethuluzi lokwenene lokunxibelelana nabantu abangabonakaliyo kumbono we-autism baye benza uphando lwabo. Uninzi lwexesha, izifundo ezixhasayo zijolise kwizifundo ezithile. Ukubonisa ukuba u typer, ngokwenene, ukuthayipha iingcamango zakhe, babuza imibuzo yokuba umxhasi akakwazi ukuphendula. Kwezinye iimeko, utyhupta wayifaka iimpendulo ezenza ingqiqo.
ISebe leNxibelelwano kunye neNkcenkcazo luluhlu lweengxelo ezininzi ezihlolisisiweyo zontanga ezinjengezo zichazwe ngasentla, zininzi zithandana ukususela ekuqaleni nakuma-1990 xa iFC yayithandwa kakhulu. Ukongezelela, into entsha kodwa efanayo ebizwa ngokuthi "Ukukhawuleza ngokuPhepha" iye yanceda ukuphakamisa umdla kumtsha. Ukuphawula okukhawulezayo kuchazwe ngokucacileyo kwincwadi kaPortia Iversen ethi Strange Son, kunye neFC ibonakala kwisenzo kwividiyo ye- Autism: The Musical.
Ngaba sifanele sizame FC?
Kunzima kakhulu kumzali womntwana ongeyena uqobo ukuzama i-FC (okanye i-Rapid Pointing). Ingcamango yokuba kukho ingqondo ebanjwe ngaphakathi komntwana wakho, ukulinda izixhobo ukuba zivelele, iphosakele ngokugqithiseleyo.
Kodwa ingumzekelo olungileyo ukuzama i FC?
Nangona kukho imibutho kunye namaziko aza kunika uqeqesho lweC FC (kuquka iYunivesithi yaseSyrase), iFC ayilona khetho lokuqala lokunxibelelana. Ngaphambi kokubandakanyeka neC FC, kuqiqa ukuba uzame ukufundisa umntwana nge-autism ukusebenzisa iindlela eziyaziwayo, ezingcono. Ezinye iinketho ziquka amakhadi omfanekiso , uLwimi lwezandla lwaseMerika, izixhobo zombane ezifana nezixhobo zokuthetha ezikhusayo, iipedi zedijithali, kwaye, ngokuqinisekileyo, ukuthayipha okuqhelekileyo (okungasekelwe). Akunjalo nje kuphela ezo zinto zingenakuphikisana, kodwa zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwaye ziqondwa.
Ukuba ke, nangona kunjalo, izixhobo eziqhelekileyo ziye zahluleka, iFC inokuba yindlela efanelekileyo yokuzama. Ukuba uzama iFC, qiniseka ukuba uphando umboneleli kunye neengcali ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba awuyixhoba lokokuba uhlaselo.
Imithombo:
Elliott, James. >> Imfazwe malunga neendlela eziphikisanayo zokunxibelelana nge-autism. IAtlantiki . NgoJulayi 2016.Kuzisa ngoNxibelelwano kunye nokuNikwa. Imbali yokuthayibha ukuxhaswa. KwiYunivesithi yeSyrause. KwiWebhu. 2016
> Trembath, D. et al. Ingqalelo: inkolelo ilandelelana! "Ukukhulumisana okunxibeleleneyo, umzali kunye neengcali ngokubhekisele kwisenzo esisekelwe kwisiseko, kunye namandla okungaxeli kakuhle.