Ukunxibelelana kwezentlalo ngenye yeengxaki ezingundoqo (imingeni) ye-autism. Ingaba umntu kwi-spectrum usemncinci okanye umdala, umlomo okanye ungabonakali, uyindoda okanye ibhinqa, uya kuba nexesha elilukhuni ukuqonda nokuphendula kulwimi loluntu kunye neengongoma.
Kubantu abasemagqabini amaninzi kumnxeba, unxibelelwano loluntu lunzima kakhulu.
Ukusetyenziswa kolwimi olubhaliweyo okanye olubhaliweyo lunokuba lukhulu okanye alukho. Ukuqwalaselwa ngokubodwa-ukukwazi ukunyamekela into ethile nomnye umntu-unokuthi uncitshiswe. Kubantu abanolwazi olunxibelelwano olubanzi, imiba ibandakanya ubunzima ngolwimi lomzimba, ukuhlambalaza, intetho encinci, ubudlelwane boluntu, nokuqonda imithetho engayibhalwanga malunga nexesha lokuzibonakalisa njani kwiimeko ezithile.
Iingcali zoCwangciso lweNtlalo
Nangona uluntu olunxibelelwano lufanele lujolise ngokusisigxina kubo bonke abantwana abane-autism, "ukucinga ngentlalo" kufundiswa ngokufanelekileyo kubantwana abakhulume ngomlomo kwaye banakho ukuthetha ngokuzithethayo kunye nentlalo kunye neontanga eziqhelekileyo.
Ngoko ... yintoni intsalelo "ekucingeni kwentlalo" kubonakala ngathi? Khawucinge ngolu hlobo:
Umntwana uhamba kwindawo yokutya. Uhamba emgceni wexesha lasemini ngokufanelekileyo, mbulela abafazi basemini, uhlawule imali yakhe kwaye uthathe utshintsho lwakhe. Uhlala phantsi, uqala ukutya, kwaye ubonakala eqhelekileyo ukuba enye iqela lezingane lihleli phantsi kuye.
Nangona ngokucacileyo abazimisele ukumbandakanya, uqala ukuthetha nabo. No kuthetha. No kuthetha. Bayeke ngokukhawuleza, kodwa uyabagatya - ukuxoxa ngokuqhubekayo malunga nezibalo ze-baseball. Ekugqibeleni, abanye abantwana bayahamba, bevula amehlo abo.
Lo mntwana, mhlawumbi uxilongwe nge-Asperger syndrome-okanye ephezulu esebenza nge-autism-unokuqonda kakuhle kakuhle "kwezakhono" zentlalo. Uyazi indlela yokulawula umgca wesidlo sasemini, ukuba uthini, indlela yokuphatha imali.
Unako ukukhetha isihlalo aze adle ukutya kwakhe kwasemini. Kodwa xa kuziwa ekulawuleni ubudlelwane babantu, uhlala olwandle.
Into elahlekileyo, ngokutsho kwengcalikazi uMichelle Garcia Winner, ukucinga ngentlalo kunye nezakhono zentlalo ehlobene. "I-Autism yinto yokukhubazeka yokufunda ngentlalo. [Unokufundiswa ukuba] uvelise isakhono, kodwa akwanele," kusho uMninimzi. "Thina ... sidinga ulwazi loluntu oluphantsi kwekhono."
Ukufundisa iiNkcazo zoLuntu
Ufundisa njani umntwana ukuba "afunde" iziqendu zentlalo ezifana nolwimi lomzimba, ukukhanya kwamehlo, ithoni yezwi, okanye ukusondela kwenyama? Kukho inani lezixhobo abazali, ootitshala kunye nabafundisi abangasebenzisa ukunceda.
- Amabali ezentlalo sisixhobo esikhulu ekuncedeni abantwana ukuba baphathe iimeko ezithile. Le mibali elula ebonisa imbonakalo yendawo entsha okanye amava, kwaye uchaze oko kukulindela, indlela umntwana afanele aziphathe ngayo, kwaye zeziphi iindlela ezikhoyo zokulawula uxinzelelo okanye ezinye izinto. Ukuba umntwana sele esayazi into ayifunayo - kwaye yintoni enokuyenza kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo - uhamba phambi komdlalo.
- Iimodeli zeVidiyo zibonisa ukuba iyithuluzi eluncedo lokufundisa izakhono zokucinga kwezentlalo. Abantwana abane-autism babonakala befunda ngokugqithiseleyo xa befundiswa ngokuthe ngqo, kwaye amavidiyo angadalwa ngokukhethekileyo kumntwana ngamnye okanye athengwe "kwi-shelf" kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo.
- Iikharityhulam zengqondo zentlalo, njenge-Winner's "Cinga Social," kunye "ILaugh" ziquka izifundo ezithile malunga nendlela yokubukela amehlo abantu, amahlombe, kunye nokunyakaza kwimiba yento eyenzeka ngokwenene kuluntu. Ezi ziqhele ukufundiswa kwisicwangciso seqela, nokuba sisikolo okanye kwenye indawo.
- Itheyibhile yonyango yintsimi entsha kunye ekhulayo. Iidrafti zedrama zinika abantwana ithuba lokuzama ukusebenzisana kwentlalo kwindawo ekhuselekileyo yokuxhasa.
- Iingcali kunye nabafundisi esikolweni banokubeka amathuba okuba abantwana abane-autism bakwazi ukusebenzisana nentlalo kunye neontanga eziqhelekileyo, ukubonelela ngeenkonzo kunye nokubonelela "ezentlalo zentlalo" ezakhayo emva kokusebenzisana okunzima.
Iingcamango zentlalo sisihloko esinzima kakhulu, kwaye bambalwa abantu - autistic okanye hayi-baziva beyifumene kakuhle. Ngokusebenza kunye nabaphengululi kunye nezicwangciso zendalo, usebenzisa izixhobo ezibonakalisiweyo, kunye nokunceda umntwana wakho ukuba athole amaqela axhasayo kunye namandla akhe, nangona kunjalo, unokunceda umntwana wakho ukuba aphucule kakhulu amandla akhe okucinga kakuhle kwintlalo imeko.
Izibonelelo:
Omkhulu, iTempile noBarron, uSean. Imithetho engabhaliweyo yoBudlelwane beNtlalontle. Ixesha elizayo i-Horizons: Arlington, TX. C 2005
Udliwano-ndlebe noMichelle Garcia Winner, ngo-Oktobha 2007.
Umninimzi, uMichelle G. Cinga ngeNtlalo! IKharityhulam yeCandelo loCwangciso loLuntu kwiBanga labaFundi beSikolo. UMichelle Garcia Winner: eCalifornia C 2005