Ukuqonda iProphy-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP)
Ukuba ukholelwa ukuba usenokungabonakali ngengozi kwi-HIV, mhlawumbi ngesondo okanye kwezinye izinto ezinobungozi obuphezulu, kukho imishanguzo enokunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko we-post-exposure prophylaxis (okanye iPEP).
Imizekelo yokungcola kakhulu kwingozi:
- Ukulala ngesondo nonomntu onentsholongwane kaGawulayo okanye ukholelwa ukuba unokufumana i-HIV
- ikhondom esezantsi okanye iqhume
- Ukukwabelana ngeedaliti zokufaka iziyobisi zaliphi na uhlobo, kuquka i- steroids
- Ukudlwengula okanye ukuhlaselwa ngokwesondo
I-post-exposure prophylaxis iqukethe i-28-day course ye- antiretroviral , emele ithathwe ngokupheleleyo kwaye ingaphazamiseki. Ukuze kunciphise umngcipheko wosulelo, i-PEP kufuneka iqaliswe ngokukhawuleza kunokwenzeka - ngokufanelekileyo kwiiyure ezingama-36 ukuya kufumaneka .
Ezinye izikhokelo zibonisa ukuba i-PEP inokulawulwa ukuya kwiiyure ezingama-72 zokungcola, kodwa kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba amathuba okuthintela ukusuleleka angcono ngokukhawuleza kokuqala unyango-phambi kokuba intsholongwane inethuba lokufuduka kwisayithi yokungena kunye igazi kunye neelymode.
Ngoko ke umgca wenzelwa ukufuna ingqalelo ngokukhawuleza. Musa ukulinda. Umzuzwana xa kuvela ukuchayeka, uye ekamelweni elisondeleyo elisondeleyo okanye uhambe-kwiklinikhi. Musa ukulinda de ukubiza ugqirha wakho.
I-PEP iyalelwe kwakhona kubasebenzi bezempilo abaye bafumana ukusukela emsebenzini kwi-HIV , njengokuba beqhagamshelana negazi elijongene nesifo okanye ukulimala kwenaliti kwisibhedlele okanye kwisikliniki.
Indlela iPEP ilawulwa ngayo
Xa usifikile esibhedlele okanye kwikliniki, uya kunikwa uvavanyo olukhawulezayo lwe-HIV ukunquma ukuba unayo i-HIV okanye unentsholongwane kaGawulayo.
- Ukuba unentsholongwane kaGawulayo , oko kuthetha ukuba uye wavezwa ngaphambili kwi-HIV kwaye unesifo sengculaza. Uvavanyo lwesibini luya kunikwa ukuqinisekisa iziphumo, emva koko uza kuthunyelwa kumsebenzi wezempilo ngoncedo, kwaye uxoxe ngeziphumo zakho.
- Ukuba unesandulela-ngculazi , uya kunikwa ikhosi ye-2-3 yezidambisigciwane eziza ku funeka uqale ngokukhawuleza kwaye uthathe iiveki ezine. Ukuba kungabonakali kakhulu, izidakamizwa ezimbini zivame ukushicilelwa. Kwiimeko ezininzi ezingakumbi, kubandakanya ukudlwengulwa kunye nokulimala komntu ongaziwayo okanye owaziwayo nge-HIV, isicatshulwa sesithathu sinokumiselwa. (Ezinye izikhokelo, nangona kunjalo, zihlala zichaza ezintathu izidakamizwa kuzo zonke iimeko ngenxa yokunyamezela okuphezulu kunye nokulula ukusetyenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezitsha).
Uya kuthi ucebise malunga ne-dosing efanelekileyo, iimiphumo ezinokwenzeka, kunye nokunyamekela unyango . Uvavanyo olongezelelweyo lweemvavanyo lungenziwa, ukuba luboniswe (umz., Ii-STI, i-hepatitis B) Ukukhulelwa kwangxamisekileyo kungaphinda kubekwe kwiimeko zokudlwengulwa okanye ukuhlaselwa ngokwesondo.
Ukuba uvavanyo olukhawulezayo lwe-HIV alufumaneki, uya kunikwa uvavanyo oluqhelekileyo lwe- HIV ELISA kwaye unikezele iziyobisi ezifunekayo ukuqala unyango. Emva koko uya kucebiswa ngeziphumo zakho emva kokuba uvavanyo lwebhabhi lugqityiwe, kwaye uxelele ukuba ufuna ukuqhubeka unyango.
Uvavanyo olulandelayo lwe-HIV luza kufuneka lube lucwangcisiweyo, ngokuqhelekileyo kwiiveki ezi-4-6 emva kokugqitywa kwe-PEP.
Iphumelela njani i-PEP?
I-PEP kwizicwangciso zengqesho iye yaboniswa ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokusuleleka ngo-HIV ngamaphesenti angama-81, ngokutsho kwesifundo esashicilelwe eNew England Journal of Medicine .
Akukho datha yezobugcisa ekhoyo ukulinganisa ukusebenza kwePEP kwiimeko zesini okanye ukuxilongwa kweziyobisi ngezizathu ezibini ezilula:
- Kunzima ukuhlukanisa ukutshatyalaliswa ngohlobo okanye ubunzima kwiimeko zokunyamekela ngononophelo.
- Uvavanyo lweklinikhi luya kufuna "iqela lokulawula" labantu abakhankanywe kwi-HIV kodwa abanikezelwa i-PEP ukwenzela ukuba kusetyenziswe ukusebenza okuthelekisayo, ukuziphatha okungenakwenzeka.
Oko kwathiwa, iziphumo eziqhubekayo ukuya kutsho zibonisa ukuba i-PEP inokusebenza ngokunciphisa ingozi yokudluliselwa kwe-HIV kwiimeko zokungabikho komsebenzi, ukungabikho komsebenzi.
Iinkcukacha ezongezelelweyo
- Iindleko ze-PEP zinokuthi zigqitywe yi-inshurensi (okanye umqeshi wakho kwiimeko zokungabikho emsebenzini), kodwa ungalindeli ukuqinisekiswa ngaphambi kokuba uqhubeke, ngokukodwa ukuba bekuye iiyure ezingama-24 okanye ngaphezulu ukususela kwimeko ekhoyo.
- I-PEP ayikho imva emva kwepilisi. Xa uqalisile, kufuneka uzalise ikhosi yonke yeyeza. Ukungabikho kwamanqanaba okanye ukuyeka unyango ngaphambi kwexesha kunokukhokelela ekuphuhlisweni kwe- HIV . Ukuba unemiphumo engathinteliyo, celwa ugqirha ugqirha okanye iklinikhi ngokukhawuleza. Ezinye iziyobisi zingashenxiswa.
- Ukuba awuqinisekanga ukuba ufumaneke kwi-HIV, uye kwisibhedlele esiseduze okanye kwikliniki, okanye ubiza umnxeba we-HIV. I- directory yeziganeko ze-AIDS zifumaneka kwiphepha eliphuzi phantsi kwe-"AIDS, Referral Education Referral kunye neNkonzo Yenkxaso" okanye "Imibutho Yeenkonzo Zentlalo." Baya kukwazi ukukwazisa ngokusemngciphekweni wokungcola.
- Abantu abasengozini enkulu ye-HIV kufuneka baqwalasele iindlela zokukhusela i-HIV ngaphambi kokuba iqale. Namhlanje, kukho icebo elibizwa ngokuba yi- HIV ngaphambi kokuchasana neprophlylaxis (PrEP) apho ukusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke kweTruvada kunokunciphisa umngcipheko wokufumana i-HIV malunga ne-75%.
Imithombo:
IKhadio, D., MD; Culver, D., PhD .; Ciesielski, C., MD, et al. "Uhlolo lokulawulwa kwimeko ye-seroconversion ye-HIV kubasebenzi benonophelo lwezempilo emva kokungabikho komzimba." I-New England Journal of Medicine . Novemba 1997; 337: 1485-1490.
Roland, M .; Neilands, T; Krone, M., et al. "I-Seroconversion elandela i-postexosure propylaxis kwi-HIV engekho yingozi." Izifo ezithathelwanayo. Novemba 2005; 41 (10): 1507-1513.
Smith, D .; Grohskopf, L .; Omnyama, R., et al. "I-Antiretroviral Postexposure Prophylaxis Emva kokusetyenziswa ngokwesondo, ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi, okanye ezinye izinto ezingabandakanyeki kwi-HIV eMelika." Ukunyangwa nokufa kweeNgxelo zeveki. NgoJanuwari 21, 2005; 55 (RR02): 1-20.