Ukuqonda i-Bias Condom, Ukukhathala kweComso kunye neGender Dynamics ye-HIV
Iikhondom zisebenza. Zihlala lilitye lembombo leendlela zesondo ezikhuselekileyo kunye negalelo elikhulu ekunciphisweni kwe- HIV kwihlabathi jikelele.
Ngoko ke, kutheni, ngaba ama-65% kuphela amadoda asebenzisa iikhondom ngokusesikweni, ngokubhekiselele kuphando olwenziwa ngamaziko okuLawula nokuLawula izifo? Kwaye kwenzeka njani ukuba ngaphezu kwe-20% yabantu abangenayo i-HIV abalala ngesondo kunye nabesilisa (MSM) bazimisele ukubeka ingozi ngokubandakanyeka ngesondo elingenalo ikhondom?
Abasetyhini abazange baphumelele kula manani. Kwabesetyhini ababandakanyeka kwingozi enkulu, isondo esingasilondekanga esilumkileyo , isigidimi se-11% esake sisebenzisa ikhondom. Okubi nakakhulu, abafazi baninzi kakhulu ukuba basebenzise iikhondom (kubandakanywa nabomama-doms ) kunabalingani babo besilisa.
Game Blame
Ukunganakwa, ukunganakwa kunye nokunyaniseka kungase kube yimpendulo eqhelekileyo yokuguqula idolo, kodwa leyo yinto elula kakhulu kunokuba yintoni, ngokwenene, ingxaki engqongqo yengqondo kwengqondo.
Enyanisweni, kukho izizathu ezininzi zokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kweekondom kubantu abadala kunye nabantu abatsha . Ziquka konke ukususela kwindlela esivakalelwa ngayo malunga neikhondom, oko sikholelwa nge-HIV, indlela esixoxisana ngayo ngesondo ngobudlelwane, indlela ekhuselekile ngayo ukuba siyakholelwa ekubeni sisifo, kwaye nokuba sisiphi indlela esilungileyo ekusebenziseni iikhondom .
Ukusasaza le miba kunokuba yinkqubo edibanisayo, eyenziwa kakubi ngokuthambekela kwenkcubeko yokwazisa abo sibona "njengabadlali" (okanye imithombo) yokusuleleka ngoGawulayo.
Esikhundleni sokuvula ingxoxo, sivame ukuyivala-ingozi yokuziphatha ingozi kulabo bangathanda ukuhlala bathule kunokujongana nokunyeliswa okanye ukungavumi.
Esemngciphekweni Ngaphambi kokuba Siqale
Ulwazi kunye namandla zimbini izinto ezinokuchaphazela abantu besilisa kunye nabangengozini, ngokuqhelekileyo kwiifom ezahlukileyo.
Ababonisi nje kuphela ukuba kutheni senza izigqibo esizenzayo, kodwa banceda ukucacisa ukuba kutheni ngamanye amaxesha sizibeka esichengeni kwisigwebo sethu esingcono.
Ulwazi alugcini nje ngokuqonda kwethu i-HIV njengesifo, kodwa inkolelo yethu malunga nendlela esichengeni ngayo ukusuleleka kubantu ngabanye. Oku kubizwa ngokuba ngumngcipheko obonwayo (icandelo lento ebizwa ngokuba yiNtsholongwane yeMpilo).
Umngcipheko oqikelelweyo uvame ukusukela kwiingcamango ezingalunganga malunga nokuba ngubani "osemngciphekweni" wokusuleleka, mhlawumbi ngeqela okanye ukuziphatha. Ngokomzekelo, abo bakholelwa ukuba ubulili bomlomo obungakhuselekanga phakathi komntu nomfazi "yiqhezuzana nje" njengengozi nje ngokuba isondo esingasilondekanga esilumkileyo phakathi kwe-MSM enobungozi obukhulu mhlawumbi ingxoxo malunga neikhondom ngokupheleleyo. Kuyafana nokucinga okungalunganga malunga nobudala, ubuhlanga, imfundo kunye nengeniso.
Umngcipheko oqikelelweyo unokuhluka ngokubanzi ukusuka kuluntu ukuya kwesinye. Nangona ukuxhomekeka ngeengcali ze-HIV-kubandakanya ukunyuka kwexesha lokuphila kunye nokusebenza kwe -prephytic prophylaxis (PrEP) -kuqhelekileyo ukulungelelanisa nokusetyenziswa kwamakhondomu aphezulu phakathi kwamadoda angqingiliyo, ukuxhamla okufanayo kufane nempembelelo embi phakathi kwe-MSM eninzi, okholelwa ukuba iziphumo zentsholongwane ngoku ngoku kakhulu kuncitshiswe ngenxa yezesayensi zonyango.
Ngokuchaseneyo, ukunyaniseka ngonyango okanye ukuphumelela kwezesondo ezikhuselekileyo ngokubanzi kuguqulela ukusetyenziswa kwekhondomu. Iziganeko, ezi zimo zengqondo zixhaswa ngabathengi bentlalo karhulumente, ngokukodwa kwiindawo ezihluphekileyo apho izinga lokusuleleka liphezulu kwaye ukungabi niseko kweziseko kuphazamisa impendulo yomphakathi. Ezi zinto zinokufaka isandla kwimibono yokuba i-HIV ibonakala ingenakunqandwa-okanye ingenakugwemeka-kwabo basengozini.
Iikhondom
Ucwaningo olufanayo lweYunivesithi yase-Emory lubonise ukuba phantse i-third of men surveyed yabika ukuba baye balahlekelwa ukulungiswa emva kokubeka ikhondom.
Imibutho engebiyo kunye nesimo sengqondo malunga neikhondom, ezaziwa ngokuba yikhondomu , sele iguqule isigidimi esilondekileyo sesini. Zibonakalisa zombini izithintelo ezinokuthi zithintele abantu ukuba basebenzise iikhondom, nangona xa umngcipheko wokudluliselwa kwegazi uwaziwa. Ngenxa yoko, abaninzi banquma "ukurhweba" phakathi kobungozi obunobungozi kunye "nemiphumo" abadibanisa ngayo nokusetyenziswa kwekhondom.
Imizekelo ibandakanya:
- Ukungabikho kokwabelana ngesondo
- Ukunandipha okungajabulisayo kunye nevumba
- Ukunciphisa ubumnandi besini kunye nabasetyhini
- Ukulahleka kokulungiswa
- Ukusetyenziswa kwekhondom kungabonwa njengengxelo yokungathembeki okanye ukungathembeki
- Ukusetyenziswa kwekhondom kungabonwa njengophawu lokuziphatha kakubi ngokwesini
- Ukwesaba ukuchongwa "njengengozi ephezulu," okanye njengenxalenye yabantu abathintekayo (umzekelo, i-MSM, abasebenzisi bokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi)
Ukukhathala kweCondom
Ngokwahlukileyo, ukukhathala kwekhondomu (eyaziwa nangokuthi "ukuthintela ukuthintela") igama elisetyenziselwa ukuchaza ukukhathazeka ngokuqhelekileyo kulabo banokhatyiswa kokusetyenziswa kwekhondom. Ibonisa ukuphuculwa komsebenzi wemimiselo yokuthintela, kwaye idla ngokuxhomekeke kwizinga lokusasazeka kwiindawo ze-MSM (nangona zichaphazela ngqo zonke iindawo zoluntu).
Ukuqonda okwandayo malunga neentlobo zonyango lwe-antiretroviral kuye kwabangela abaninzi ukuba bafune ezinye iikhondom. Oyintloko phakathi kwale ngxaki yonyango njenge-Thintelo , umgaqo apho umntu onentsholongwane kaGawulayo akakwazi ukuhambisa i-HIV ukuba umthamo wentsholongwane ungabonakali.
Uphando oluqhutywe nguTerrence Higgins Trust eLondon lubonise ukuba, i-MSM ene-HIV-mboleko, abaphenduli abaninzi bahluleka ukuqwalasela intsholongwane yabo ngokumalunga nomngcipheko wokusasazeka xa benza izigqibo zesondo. Omnye wabika ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwekhondom ngokuqhelekileyo kusekelwe kwisimo sengqondo se-HIV somlingani wesini, kunokuxubusha ngolwazi malunga neserostatus, unyango okanye umthamo wentsholongwane.
Oku kubonakala kubonisa ukuba ukukhathala kwekhondom kunomdla kumntu osebenzisa ulwazi olusesikweni ukuba enze okanye aqinisekise inkolelo yakhe, ngokuchasene nokwenza ukhetho oluchanekileyo luya kuzalisa ulwazi olupheleleyo.
Amanqanaba anokunokwenzeka ukuqinisa ukusetyenziswa kweComm
- Ukuba awukwazi ukuba unesifo se-HIV kunye nokusebenza ngokwesondo, vavanywa namhlanje. Uphando lubonisile ukuba ukwazi isimo somntu ngokubanzi kwandisa umthwalo wemfanelo.
- Esikhundleni sokujongana ne-HIV ngokubanzi, fumana ulwazi ngolwimi olucacileyo kwimiba ethile ye-HIV kumabhinqa, ama-Afrika aseMelika, i-MSM, njl. Le nto inokufumaneka rhoqo kwiziko lempilo yabasetyhini elisondeleyo, isikhungo se-LGBT okanye ikliniki kawonkewonke.
- Ukungenelela kwezemfundo ngokwesondo (kuquka imiyalelo yokusetyenziswa kakuhle kweikhondom kunye nokuphepha kweempembelelo eziqhelekileyo ) kuboniswe ukuba banqobe ininzi imithintelo ebonwayo yokusetyenziswa kwekhondom. Kwisifundo esinye, ukusetyenziswa kwekhondom kwenyuka ukusuka kwi-29% ukuya kuma-71% kwiqela elisengozini, amadoda angama-sexesterual sexual after a single intervention intervention.
- Musa ukubala ukuba ikhondom yabesifazane eCwangcise uParenthood ithi "inokuphucula umdlalo wesondo (ukususela) iindandatho zangaphandle zingakhuthaza i-clitoris ngexesha lobulili." Iikhondom zabesetyhini nazo zinika ulawulo olusebenzayo kwabasetyhini abangenakukwazi ukuthetha ngesondo ngokukhuselekileyo.
- Ngokubanzi, ukunciphisa inani labathathi bezesondo ezidibeneyo ukuya kwi-condom esebenzayo. Uphononongo lubonisa ukuba oku kunciphisa amathuba okuba angabonakali ngezesondo ngokungabonakali ngelixa ukhuthaza ingxoxo enkulu malunga nempilo yesondo kunye nokukhusela i-HIV.
- Ekugqibeleni, ukufumana abafowunelwa kwi-intanethi kwi-intanethi kubangelwa ukusetyenziswa kwe- serosorting (usebenzisa ulwazi lwe-intanethi ukwenza izigqibo okanye iingcamango malunga nomntu we-HIV). Esikhundleni sokuthembela kwingcaciso yeprofayili, thatha ithuba lokuxoxa nge-HIV kunye neminye imibandela yezempilo ngaphambi kokudibana.
Imithombo:
Jacobs, R .; Kane. M; kunye ne-Ownby, R. "Ukusetyenziswa kweComso, ukuDalulwa, kunye noNgcipheko woSondo olungakhuselekanga kwi-HIV-Midlife Negor and Men Older Sexual Men Who Have Sex with Men." I-American Journal of Men's Health. Meyi 2013; 7 (3): 186-197.
Rietmeijer, C; Lloyd, L .; kunye noMcLean, C. "Ukuxoxa nge-HIV serostatus nabalingani bezokwabelana ngesondo: isicwangciso sokukhusela i-HIV phakathi kwabantu abasengozini yokulala nabesilisa." Izifo ezithathelwana ngesondo. Epreli 2007, 34 (4): 215-219.
Suzan-Monti, J .; Preau, M .; Blanche, J .; okqhubekayo. "Umthwalo we-HIV namava kunye nokunyamekela phakathi kwe-MSM ene-HIV-positive seroconcordant partner." Izifo ezithathelwana ngesondo. Agasti 2011; 87 (5): 396-398.
Bourne, A .; Dodd, C .; Keogh, P .; okqhubekayo. "Ukhuseleko olunxulumene no-II: Ingozi kunye nobundlobongela obungathintekanga phakathi kwamadoda angama-gay abane-HIV." London: Sigma Research / CHAPS / Terrance Higgins Trust, 2009.
Higgins, A .; Hoffman, S; kunye no-Dworkin, S. "Ukuhlaziya i-Gender, amadoda angama-Heterosexual, kunye noXhatshazo lwabasetyhini kwi-HIV / AIDS." I-American Journal yeMpilo kaRhulumente. Matshi 2010; 100 (3): 435-445.