Abasebenzisi beziyobisi beziyobisi (ii-IDU) sele beqwalaselwa njengeqela kwiingozi zokufumana i-HIV . Oku kuyinyaniso ngokuthe ngqo kwiindawo zaseMpuma Yurophu nakwi-Asia ephakathi apho iziyobisi zonyango ziqhubeka ziziindlela zokusasaza, kubangele ukuba malunga ne-70% ye-HIV.
Ngokubanzi, sivame ukudibanisa nokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ngezidakamizwa ezingekho mthethweni njenge heroin okanye ukudibanisa ne-heroin kunye ne-cocaine ("speedballing").
Kwaye ngelixa le nto iqhubeka iyinkunkuma egqityiweyo kakhulu esetyenziswa ngama-IDU anesifo se-HIV, kukho ukutshintshwa kweendlela zokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kwiminyaka yamuva.
Ngokombiko ka-2013 we-Health Health eNgilani (PHE), ukusebenzisa i-injection, umfanekiso kunye nokunyusa okusebenzayo (i-IPEDs) njenge-anabolic steroids kunye ne-hormone yokukhula komntu (HGH) iya kunyuka, ingozi ye-HIV ifana ukuba ngabasebenzisi base heroin ababelana ngeesaliti.
Enyanisweni, kwezinye iinjongo zase-UK, abasebenzisi be-IPED babela iqela elilodwa, elona likhulu labantu abafikelela kwiinkqubo zokutshintshwa kweenaliti, kunye no-10 kwabafundi abaye bavezwa kwi- HIV , i- hepatitis B (HBV) , okanye i- hepatitis C (i-HCV) . Ingxelo iphinde ichaze ukwanda okwesabisayo, okuphindwe kathathu ekusebenziseni i-amphetamines engenayo (kuquka i- crystal methamphetamine kunye ne-mephedrone) phakathi kwabasebenzisi be-IPED.
Ubudala beminyaka yobudala beqela lokufunda beyiminyaka engama-28, kunye ne-36% yabika ukuba ithathe i-anabolic steroids ixesha eliyiminyaka emihlanu okanye ngaphezulu.
Ngokubanzi, phantse i-18% yabika nokuba yabelana nenaliti okanye isirinji, ukwabelana ngesitya seziyobisi, okanye zombini xa uthatha i-IPED.
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-HIV kunye ne-Anabolic Steroid
Nangona sihlala siqhagamshelana ne-anabolic steroids kunye nabadlali bezemidlalo kunye nabadlali bezemidlalo, bangasetyenziselwa ukunyanga iimeko ezinxulumene ne-HIV. Ngamanye amaxesha unyango lwe-Anabolic steroid luboniswa kubantu abaye babhekana nokutshabalalisa okunzima ngenxa ye-HIV okanye ukulahleka kwemisipha enkulu ngenxa ye- lipodystrophy (ngamanye amaxesha ukuhlaziywa ngokuthe ngqondweni kwamafutha omzimba).
I-Testosterone yonyango yokutshintshwa kwakhona isetyenziswa nakwabesetyhini kunye nabasetyhini abaye banamaqondo amaninzi aphethwe yi-testosterone ( hypogonadism ).
Nangona iinguqu ezingenayo injectable zezi ziyobisi zifumanekayo-kuquka imilomo yomlomo, ama-patch transdermal, kunye nama-injini-injections aqhelekileyo ngokubhekiselele kwimeko yonyango lonyango.
Ngaphandle kwesi simo, kwindawo yomfanekiso kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza, ukuba ubungozi be-HIV bubonakala banda. Kwangoku kuthiwa namhlanje eNgilani naseWales, ummandla apho uphando lwe-PHE lujoliswe khona, ukusuka ku-37 000 ukuya kuma-82,000 abantu baqikelelwa ukuba basebenzise i-anabolic steroids ngaphakathi konyaka.
Anabolic Steroids kunye nama-Amphetamines
Phakathi kwabasebenzisi be-IPED ekufundeni, ukusetyenziswa okuhambisanayo kwe-amphetamines egwenywayo kubonakala kukuphakamileyo kakhulu kubantu abalala ngesondo kunye namadoda (MSM) . Ngokwolu cwaningo, omnye wabafundi abathathu bavakalisa injecting drug-drug, apho i-25% yabelana ngenaliti okanye ngesirinji.
Sekude kusekwa ukuba ukusebenzisa i-amphetamines injected (isenzo esaziwa ngokuthi "slamming") sinokunyusa amathuba okutshintshwa kwe-HIV-kwaye kungekhona kuphela xa izalamano zabiwe. Ukuthathwa kwengozi yokuziphatha ngokwesondo kuya kwaziwa ngokunyuka phantsi kwefuthe le-crystal methamphetamine kunye namachiza eeklasi afanayo.
Nangona le nto ingabangela ukuba kukho ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane kaGawulayo ebonwe phakathi kwabathathi-nxaxheba, i-5% kuphela yabika injecting drugs and active 9% kuphela yabelana ngesaliti. Ngoko ke, ngelixa i-concomitant usetyenziso lwe-amphetamine inokunyusa umngcipheko wokudluliselwa komntu ngamnye, ayiqwalaselanga ukwanda kwenyango lwe-HIV / HBV / HCV ebonwa kubasebenzisi be-IPED.
Indlela Yokunciphisa Umngcipheko wokuThunywa
Enye yezinyathelo ezibalulekileyo ekunciphiseni umngcipheko we-HIV kubasebenzisi be-IPED kukuqala ukuvuma ukuba ukusebenzisa i-anabolic steroids, i-HGH, i-testosterone, okanye i-chorionic gonadotropin yabantu inomngcipheko ofanayo nanjengoko nawuphi na umuthi onobungozi.
Ngoko ke, imigaqo efanayo isebenzayo xa kunciphisa ukuziphatha kweengozi, oku:
- Musa ukwabelana ngamasilane okanye iisringana, kwaye ugweme ukwabelana nge-IPED yamanzi phakathi kwabasebenzisi abaninzi.
- Finyelela kwinkqubo yokutshintshwa kweenaliti ukuqinisekisa ukuba unesiliti ezininzi okanye iisringana.
- Ukuba ufumana imeko apho iesalane zabiwe okanye zisetyenziselwa, zithatha izicwangciso ezifanelekileyo zokuqinisekisa ukuba zikhutshelwe i-disinfected phakathi kokusetyenziswa.
- Gwema ukusebenzisa i-IPED ngelixa utywala utywala, iziyobisi okanye nayiphina into echaphazela isigwebo sakho. Funa unyango olufanelekileyo xa kwenzeka utywala okanye utywala.
- Ukuba wabelana ngezilingo kunye nokwesaba unokube utyhila kwi-HIV, uye kwiklinikhi yakho okanye kwimeko yexakeka ngaphandle kokulibaziseka ukufikelela kwi-post-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP ), eyaziwayo ukunciphisa amathuba okusuleleka kuGawulayo.
Kwaye, ekugqibeleni, khumbula ukuba i-HIV ayikuphela kokuxhalabela okuhlobene nokusetyenziswa kwe-IPED. Ukusebenzisa ixesha elide le-anabolic steroids kunye ne-testosterone kungabangela iingxaki ezinzulu zesibindi, kuquka i-cirrhosis nomhlaza. I-Acne, i-pattern bald, i-testicular shrinkage, ukungasebenzi kwezesondo, ukukhulisa i-prostate, ukwandiswa kwebele, kunye "nentukuthelo" (ukugqithisa okukhulu kunye nokuxhalaba) kuyaqatshelwa ngokuqhelekileyo.
Umthombo:
Iprogram yeZizwe eziManyeneyo kwiHIV / AIDS (UNAIDS). "Iphepha leNombolo 06 | EMpuma Yurophu nase-Asia Ephakathi." Geneva, eSwitzerland; 2006.
Ithemba, V .; McVeigh, J .; Marongui, A .; okqhubekayo. "Ukunyamekela, kunye nemingcipheko, i-HIV, ukukhulelwa kwe-hepatitis B kunye no-C phakathi kwamadoda abandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwezilwanyana nokuphucula izidakamizwa. IBritish Journal of Medicine. NgoSeptemba 12, 2013; 3 (9): e003027.
I-ofisi esekhaya. "Isikhokelo somsebenzisi sokusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi: iziphumo ezivela kwi-Survey Survey yase-England naseWales." ELondon, eNgilani; Julayi 25, 2013.
I-Grinspoon, S. "Ukusetyenziswa kwe-Androgens kwi-Men-Infected Men and Women". I-Physicians Research Network I-Notebook. Matshi 2005.