Izizathu, unyango kunye nokuthintela ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo esingachazwanga
Intsholongwane kaGawulayo ukuchitha i-syndrome ichazwa njengento eqhubekayo, engabonakaliyo yokulahleka kwezinto ezibonakalayo kwizigulane ezine-HIV. Amaziko ase-United States okuLawula nokuLawula (i-CDC) ahlukanisa i-HIV njengokwimeko yokuchazwa ngu- AIDS ngo-1987, kwaye ichazwe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
- Ukunyuka kwesisindo ubuncinane kwi-10%;
- ezenzeka phambi kohudo okanye ubuthathaka obungapheliyo;
- kunye nomkhuhlane;
- ubude ubuncinane ubuncinane iintsuku ezingama-30;
- ezingenakwenzeka kwiimeko ezifanayo ngaphandle kokusuleleka ngu-HIV .
Ukunciphisa (i-cachexia) akufanele idideke ngokulahleka kwesisindo, okugqibela oku kuthetha ukulahleka komzimba. Ngokwahlukileyo, ukuchithwa kubhekisela ekulahlekeni komzimba kunye nobunzima, ubuninzi obunzima bomzimba. Kunokwenzeka, umzekelo, ukuba umntu onentsholongwane kaGawulayo alahlekelwe ubunzima obukhulu besisu xa efumana ukwanda kwamafutha omzimba.
Yintoni eyenza iHIV igugule?
Ngethuba lokusuleleka ngu-HIV, umzimba ungadla iindawo ezininzi zokugcina amandla. Enyanisweni, uphando lubonise ukuba abantu abanentsholongwane kaGawulayo-nokuba nabo banempilo kunye ne-asymptomatic-baya kutshisa i-10% ngaphezulu kweekorikhi ngokulinganayo kunabantu abangenaso isifo. Ekubeni iiprotheyini zinamanqatha aguqulelwe ngamandla kunamafutha, umzimba uya kubakho ukuququzelela iprotheni ye-muscle kuqala xa iimpahla ziphela okanye zingekho kwigazi.
Ukunciphisa iprotheni ye-serum kunokubangelwa kukungondleki okanye i-malabsorptive disorder apho umzimba ongakwazi ukufumana izondlo. Kwiimeko zokuxhatshazwa kwe-HIV, isifo sohudo esihlala sisisigxina sinxulumene nesifo se-malabsorption, kwaye sinokuba ngumphumo we-HIV ngokwayo ukuba intsholongwane ibangela ukulimala kwiisisu zomzimba zamathumbu.
Ukuphulukana ngokuthe ngcembe (kwaye ngamanye amaxesha) ukulahlekelwa kwesisundu somzimba kudlalwa ngokubanzi kubantu abaneGawulayo, nangona kungenzeka nakweyiphi na inqanaba losuleleko lwe-HIV .
Ukwelashwa kwe-HIV kunye ne-Antiretroviral
Ngaphambi kokufika kwe- antiretroviral therapy (i-ART) , ukusabalalisa kokutshatyalaliswa kwakuqikelelwe ukuba kuphakamileyo njengama-37%. Nangona kunjalo, nangona uphumelelo lwe-ART, ukuchitha ukusasaza kubaluleke kakhulu, kunye nezinye iingcaphephe ezibonisa ukuba ukusuka kwi-20% ukuya kwi-34% yezigulane ziza kuba neqondo elithile lokutshatyalaliswa, nakuba kungekho kumazinga amonakalo ngaphambili.
Nangona i-ART yaziwa ngokuphucula ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo kunye nokungondleki kwabantu abaphila ne-HIV, akunakukuthintela ukulahleka kwemisipha yomzimba okanye ukuyitshintsha kwakhona xa ubukhulu bomzimba bubuyiselwa. Okumalunga noko kunjalo kukuba ilahleko elincinane njengama-3% omzimba we-muscle inokunyusa umngcipheko wokufa kwizigulane ezine-HIV, ngelixa ilahleko elingaphezulu kwama-10% lidibaniswa nengozi enkulu ukuya kweyesithandathu.
Ukunyanga nokukhusela iHIV
Okwangoku akukho ndlela echanekileyo yokuphatha i-HIV ukususela kuba kukho iziganeko ezithintekayo ezifaka isandla kwiimeko (umzekelo: izifo ezithintekayo, iziphumo zonyango, ukungondleki).
Nangona kunjalo, kukho izikhokelo eziqhelekileyo eziza kulandelwa ukuze kulungiswe ngempumelelo ukulahleka kwesisindo nokuchitha kubantu abane-HIV:
- Ukuqaliswa kwe-ART ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokusuleleka kwintsholongwane , kubandakanywa neendlela zesisu.
- Ukulungiswa kwesondlo ukunyusa i-caloric intake ngo-10% (kunye no-30% kulabo bafumana ukugula). Ukulinganisela kokutya kwamafutha, i-carbohydrate kunye neprotheni kufuneka zihlale zifana. Imfundo yokutya kunye neengcebiso kufuneka ihlolwe ngabantu abanomthwalo obunzima (kubandakanya isisindo esiphantsi okanye isifo se-metabolic syndrome) okanye ukungabikho kokufikelela kokutya okunempilo.
- Qinisekisa ukuvuthwa rhoqo, ugxininise ekuqeqeshelweni koxinzelelo ekwakheni okanye ukugcina ubunzima besisu.
- Nangona usebenzo lwe- testosterone lonyango olutshintsho luhlala lucacile xa kwenzeka ukutshatyalaliswa kwe-HIV, kunokuthiwa kwiimeko apho ukungabikho kwe-testosterone (u-hypogonadism) kuphawulwe.
- Imveliso yesondlo (njengoQinisekisa iVHC, Qinisekisa ngakumbi okanye i-Nestlé Nutren) inokuba luncedo kubantu abanobunzima bokutya ukutya okuqinileyo okanye abo badlayo kodwa abakwazi ukufumana ubunzima. Nangona kunjalo, njengazo zonke izongezo zokutya, ezi zinto azithethi ukuba zitshintshe ukutya okufanelekileyo, okufanelekileyo.
- Nangona i-multivitamin yansuku zonke isinconywa ukuqinisekisa ukutya okunokutya, kukho ubungqina obuncinane bokubonisa ukuba ukuxhaswa komntu ngamnye kunomphumo okanye inzuzo kwiimeko zentsholongwane kaGawulayo (kunye kwaye, ngokwenene, iyakwandisa ukuhanjiswa kunye ne-malabsorption xa kuthathwa ngokungaphezulu).
- Xa kwenzeka ukuba uhudo oluqhubekayo okanye olungapheliyo uphando, uphando lwekliniki nophando luyakucetyiswa ukuchonga izizathu ezinokwenzeka. Amachiza omdaka-diarrheal kufuneka amiselwe ukuba ancede okanye anciphise ubunzima besifo sohudo kunye neengxwaba zamathumbu. Isiza sam Mytesi (crofelemer) samkelwe yi-US Food and Drug Administration ngo-2012 kunyango lwehudo kubantu abane-HIV.
- Xa kunzima ukuphazamiseka, ukusetyenziswa kwe- hormone yokukhula komntu (HGH) kunokunceda ukubuyisela ubunzima beemeko kwezinye iimeko, nangona unyango lubiza kakhulu kwaye imiphumo iya kuhluma xa unyango luyeka.
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