Xa kuncediswa Uncedo kunye Nokuba Ziyingozi
Isondlo esifanelekileyo sibaluleke kakhulu kwixesha elide lempilo kunye nenhlalakahle yomntu onentsholongwane kaGawulayo njengokuba kunomnye umntu. Kodwa ngamaxesha amaninzi, iimfuno zokutya zifuna ukulungiswa njengoko umzimba uphendula kumachiza eyahlukeneyo okanye kwisifo ngokwayo.
Iivithamini kunye neemaminerha zihlala ziphelile ngexesha lobunzima okanye ixesha elide lokudwelisa, imeko leyo inokubangelwa izifo ezithile okanye amayeza.
Utshintsho kumafutha omzimba, nawo anxulumene nonyango okanye ukusuleleka ngoGawulayo, unokufuna ukuba utshintsho oluthile lube nokutya komntu.
Ngokubanzi malunga noko, nangona kunjalo, umphumo wokungondleki kwabantu abane-HIV. Umzekelo we-Vitamin A kunye ne-B12, umzekelo, uye wadibana nokuqhubela phambili kwesifo ngokukhawuleza kwisistim esisisityebi kunye nobutyebi. Amanqanaba e-serum e-low-micronutrients, aqhelekileyo abonwayo kubantu abangondleki, adinga ukuba i-vitamin ayinayo-ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngendlela yokuncedisa ukutya okunomsoco.
Ngaphandle kwembuzo, izongezo zondloba zendawo yazo kwonyango lokungondleki okanye ukungafumani kakuhle, nokuba ngaba kubangelwa imeko enxulumene neHIV okanye ukungondleki kakuhle. Oku kuyinyaniso ngokukodwa kwizifo zesigaba sokugqibela xa ukulahleka kwesisindo kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kwe-HIV kubonakala rhoqo.
Kodwa, kuthekani ngomnye umntu? Ngaba abantu abanentsholongwane kaGawulayo badinga ukuba bancedise ukutya okunomsoco? Ngaba ezi mveliso zizalisekisa unyango ngendlela eyenza ukunciphisa isiganeko sentsholongwane, ukulibaziseka ukuqhubela phambili kwesifo, okanye ukubuyisela kwakhona imisebenzi yomzimba yomntu oyintloko?
Okanye ngaba sinethemba lokuba baya
Izibonelelo zoMbane
Ngokutsho kwamaziko e-US for Control and Prevention (CDC) ye-US, malunga nesiqingatha sabo bonke abantu baseMerika badla izongezo zokutya, kubandakanywa namavithamini, amaminerali kunye nemifuno. Uluhlu olubanzi lweemveliso lulawulwa yi-US Food and Drug Administration (i-FDA), echaza ukuba izondlo zondlo nje nje ngeemveliso "zenzelwe ukongeza isondlo esongezelelweyo (ekuncediseni) ukutya."
Ngokuhambelana nale ncazelo, i-multivitamins nezinye izongezelelo zondlo zilawulwa njengoluhlu lokutya, kunokuba zibe ngumveliso weyeza. Akunakudinga ukuhamba ngokukhuselekileyo, ukhuseleko lwangaphambi kweemakethe nokuhlolwa kobuchule okanye i-FDA inegunya lokufuna olo vavanyo.
Kunoko, i-FDA ixhomekeke ngokukodwa kwizikhalazo zogcino-post-market surveillance and requiring the manufacturers to maintain a list of events. Nangona kunjalo, ezi ngxelo ezimbi (i-AERs) zithunyelwa kuphela kwiziganeko ezinzulu kwimiphumo ebungozi yobomi. Iziganeko ezincinci zokumodareyitha, ezinjengentloko yesifo okanye intlungu yokuxhamla, azixelwa ngaphandle kokuba umenzi ukhetha ngokuzithandela ukwenza njalo.
Oku kuhluke kakhulu kwi-shishini lezobisi, elichitha umyinge we-R3,3 billion zamaRandi ngezidakamizwa kwiindleko zophando nophuhliso ukwenzela ukufumana imvume ye-FDA. Ngo-2011, ukuthengiswa kwezidlo zokutya kwathatha i-$ 30 yezigidigidi kwi-US, ngaphezu kokuphindwe kabini ubukhulu bemarike yezilwanyana ze-HIV.
Ngaba Uncedisa "Ukukhuthaza" Ukungakhuselekanga?
Ukutya okunomsoco ngendlela yokutya okunokulinganisela kunokunceda ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-immune ngokubambisana kunye nokusetyenziswa ngokuchanekileyo kweyeza-antiretroviral .
Indima yamavithamini nezinye izongezelelo zondlo, ngokuchaseneyo, ihlala isingathethi.
Ukudideka kuphazamisekile kwiindawo zokuthengisa iimveliso zabathengi, ezihlala zixhaswa ngababhali beemveliso malunga nezinto ezixhaswa ngophando. Nangona i-FDA izama ukulawula la mabango, uvavanyo lwe-2012 yiSebe lezeMpilo kunye neenkonzo zoLuntu libike ukuba ubuninzi beepesenti ezingama-20 zezibonelelo ezihlaziywayo zenziwe ngamabango awenqatshelwe ngokupheleleyo, ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngamaxesha okuxhaswa kwe-"support support". kakhulu kangangokuba ezi zibango zibuxoki. Kuphela nje ukuba ubungqina obubhekiselelwe kuwo ngokuqhelekileyo bungahambelani okanye bengazi kakuhle.
Inani labakhiqizi, ngokomzekelo, ngokubhekiselele kwisifundo se-2004 yiSikolo se-Harvard seMpilo kaRhulumente, esakhangela imiphumo ye-multivitamines ngokunyuka kwesifo kwi-1,097 abafazi abakhulelwe abane-HIV eTanzania. Ekupheleni kwetyala, iipesenti ezingama-31 ezithathile izibonelelo ziye zafa okanye zafumana ukugula okuchazwa nguGawulayo ngokumalunga nama-25 ekhulwini kwiqela le-placebo. Ngokusekelwe kulobu bungqina, abaphandi baphetha ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwimihla ngemihla ye-multivitamin (ngokukodwa i-B, i-C kunye no-E) kungekudala nje ukulibazisa ukuqhubela phambili kwe-HIV, kodwa inikeze "indlela efanelekileyo, ephantsi yokulibazisa ukuqaliswa kweyeza-antiretroviral kwi-HIV- abasetyhini abanegciwane. "
Emva kokupapashwa kophando, inani labakhiqizi libhekiselele kwisifundo ngokuthi "ubungqina benzululwazi" beemveliso zabo zokukhusela umzimba. Okuninzi okwenziwe ukukwenza, nangona kunjalo, ixhomekeke kwisifundo, ukungazihoxisi izinto ezininzi ezibandakanyekayo kwiziphumo-ezincinci zezigaba eziphezulu zentlupheko, indlala kunye nokungondleki okukhoyo kubantu baseMzantsi Afrika abahlwempuzekileyo.
Ekugqibeleni, akukho nto kwisifundo ephakanyisiwe ukuba i-multivitamines, kunye nayo, iya kubonisa iintlobo ezifanayo-okanye zifumane izigqibo ezifanayo-kwizicwangciso ezinotyebi-mali ezifana ne-US okanye iYurophu. Iziphumo ezivela kwizifundo ezilandelelanayo ziye zazingekho ngokuhambelanayo, kubandakanywa nophando lwe-2012 olubonisa ukuba i-multivitamine ephezulu kakhulu ingenokwandisa ingozi yokufa kubantu abangondleki kakhulu. Ezinye izifundo zonyango zibonise iingenelo kuphela kulabo abanezifo eziphambili (ii- CD4 izibalo ngaphantsi kwe-200 cell / mL), ngelixa abanye bengabonakali nzuzo nhlobo.
Ziziphi iinjongo ezininzi ezixhasayo kukukhuselwa kwama-multivitamini kwimiqathango yansuku zonke ekhuthazwayo, ngakumbi kubantu abane-HIV abangenasondlo okanye abakwizinga eliphezulu zezifo.
Xa iziNcediso ziMngcipheko ngakumbi kunokuba zilungile
Ingaphantsi kakhulu iyaziwa ngezibonelelo zamavithamini, amaminerali kunye nezinye izinto ezilandelelanayo. Uninzi lwezifundo kwiminyaka yakutshanje lugxininise indima ye-selenium, i-mineral non-metalal enezixhobo ezichasene ne-antioxidant. Uphando lubonakala lubonisa ukuba ukulahlekelwa kwe-selenium kwintsholongwane yokuqala kaGawulayo kufana nokulahlekelwa ngama-CD4 cells ngexesha lokuba i-malabsorption kunye nokungondleki kungabonwa ukuba yizinto.
Njengoko unyanzelekile njengoko olu budlelwane lunokubonakala, uphando alukazanga ukuxhasa naluphi na uncedo oluyinyaniso lwe-selenium yokuxhaswa, mhlawumbi ekukhuselweni kokugula kwe-HIV okanye ukuhlaziywa kwakhona kweCD4. Iziphumo ezifanayo ziye zaboniswa nge-magnesium kunye nezongezo zinc, apho ukunyuka kwamazinga e-plasma akuzange kube nobudlelwane obuhambelanayo kunye nokuqhubela kwesifo okanye isiphumo.
Ukusetyenziswa okunamandla kwezibonelelo zabanye abantu abane-HIV kuxhaswa yinkolelo yokuba "iimveliso" zinika inkxaso ye-immune yemvelo engakwazi ukuzalisekisa unyango lwe-HIV. Oku akusoloko kunjalo. Enyanisweni, inani elongezelelweyo linokuchaphazela kakhulu abantu abanentsholongwane kaGawulayo, mhlawumbi ngokuphazamisa imetabolism yamachiza okanye ngokubangela ukutyhafisa okunciphisa nantoni na inzuzo yokuncedisa.
Phakathi kwezi zinto ezinokukhathazeka:
- I-vitamin A ye- Megadose-Ubude obukhulu be-vitamin A (ngaphezulu kwe-25,000 i-IUs imihla ngemihla) kunokunyusa umngcipheko wesibindi setyhefu, ukuphuma kwamanzi kwangaphakathi, ukuphuka kwangaphakathi, kunye nokulahleka kwesisindo. I-World Health Organisation (i-WHO) ayicebisi ukusetyenziswa kwe-vitamin A kwiimali ezithintekayo, abafazi abane-HIV, kunye nophando olubonisa ukuba i-dose ye-IU ye-5 000 imihla ngemihla ingenokwandisa umngcipheko wokudluliselwa komama kosana .
- I-Megadose vithamini C- Nangona uphando lucetyise ukuba amayeza aphezulu e-vitamin C anokudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuselweni kwamaselula, ubungqina buphikisana kakhulu. Into esiyaziyo kukuba ukunyuka kwamayeza e-vitamin C kunokubangela uxinzelelo lwesisu kunye nesifo sohudo (okokugqibela oku kunokuchaphazela ukunyangwa kwemithi ethile ye-HIV). Amayeza e-Vitamin C ngaphezulu kwe-1000 mg ngosuku ayaziwa nangokunciphisa amanqanaba e- Crixivan (indinavir) kwezinye.
- I-Vitamin B6 (i-pyridoxine) -Ukudla ngokugqithisileyo kwe-vitamin B6 (ngaphezulu kwe-2,000 mg ngosuku) kungabangela ukulimala kwamantongomane, ukuqhubela phambili ukuphazamiseka kwentsholongwane ye-HIV kwizigulane ezine-HIV ezichaphazelekile imeko.
- I-Vitamin E- Ubude obukhulu be-vitamin E (ngaphezu kwe-1,500 IUs) buyakwazi ukuphazamisa ukucima igazi, ngelixa ixesha elide, ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithiseleyo kunokubangela ukuhanjiswa, ubuthakathaka obuthathaka, kunye nesiphithiphithi.
- I-St. John's Wort (hypericin) -Ukulungiswa kwemfuyo esetyenziswa ngokugqithiseleyo ekuphatheni ukudakumba okukhulu, iSt. John's Wort yaziwa ngokunciphisa amanqanaba onke ama-protease inhibitor (PI) kunye ne-non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) isigulane esengozini yokunganyanga kweziyobisi kunye nokungaphumeleli kweyeza.
- Iigilisi-Iipilisi zeGarlic kunye nezongezelelo ziye zaboniswa ukunciphisa amanqanaba e-serum kwizilwanyana ezithile ze-HIV, ingakumbi i- Invirase (saquinavir) enokunciphisa isiqingatha xa kuthatyathwa ngokufanayo kunye nezongezelelo zegilisi. Ngokwahlukileyo, i-garlic esitsha okanye ephekiweyo ayibonakali ukuba ifuthe kumanqanaba eyeza e-serum.
- I-juice yamagilebhisi -Isiglasi esinesibhozo esinesibhozo samanzi esiphumo esiphucukileyo esithathwe yiCrixivan sinokunciphisa amayeza e-serum ngamaphesenti angama-26, ngelixa i-glass of juice efana neyoyiyo iyakwandisa amazinga ase-Invirase ngamaphesenti angama-100 (ukwandisa iziphumo ezichaphazelekayo). Nangona i-jupe ye-grapefruit ingafuneki ukuba ishiyiwe kwisondlo somntu, akufanele kuthatyathwe iiveki ezimbini ngaphambi kweyure okanye ezimbini emva kweyure yeyeza.
ILizwi
Ukubaluleka kwesondlo esifanelekileyo kunye nokutya okunempilo, ukutya okunokulinganisela akunakuxinwa. Ukucebisa izondlo kunokunceda abo banentsholongwane kaGawulayo baqonde ngakumbi iimfuno zabo zokutya ukuze kuphuculwe:
- Ukufezekisa nokugcina ubunzima bomzimba obuphilileyo
- Gcina amanqanaba omgangatho wezempilo, kuquka i-cholesterol kunye ne-triglycerides
- Ukubonelela iingxaki zokutya ezinokubangelwa yimithi ethile ye- antiretroviral
- Iingxaki zokudityaniswa kwezidlo ezinokuvela kwiimpawu ezinxulumene neHIV
- Ukuphunyezwa kwimiqathango yokutya ukuphepha ukusuleleka kwezifo ezifumanekayo zokutya
Indima yokuzilolonga ayikwazi ukunyanzelwa, kunye neenzuzo kwimpilo yengqondo nangokwengqondo (kubandakanywa nokunciphisa umngcipheko we- HIV ochaphazelekayo ).
Ngokubhekiselele ekuncediseni, i-multivitamin yemihla ngemihla inokukunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba iimfuno zendalo zidibene, ngokukodwa kulabo abangakwazi ukufikelela kwiinjongo zokutya. Nangona kunjalo, ukuthatha iivithamini ngaphezu kwesibonelelo sabo sesibonelelo sosuku ngalunye akucebisi. Ayikho nedatha yokuxhasa ukusetyenziswa kwezityalo zonyango kwi-HIV okanye ukwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwezidakamizwa ze-antiretroviral ngokunciphisa umthamo wentsholongwane kaGawulayo .
Nceda ugqirha ugqirha wakho nayiphi na isongezelelo onokuyithatha xa uxubusha ulawulo kunye nonyango lwe-HIV yakho.
> Imithombo:
> Amasebe ase-US okuLawula nokuVikela (i-CDC) yezifo. "Ukusetyenziswa kokutya kwezilwanyana Phakathi kwabantu base-United States kuye kwanda ukususela ngo-NHANES III (1999-1994)." I- NCHC Data Short. Isiko seSizwe soBalo beMpilo; Hyattsville, Maryland; Epreli 2011; Inani 1.
> Fawzi, W .; Msamanga, G .; Spiegelman, D .; okqhubekayo. Uvavanyo oluthile oluninzi lwee-multivitamin supplement and HIV and progression and death. "I- New England Journal of Medicine ; 351 (1): 23-32.
> Isanaka, S .; Mugusi, F .; Hawkins, C; okqhubekayo. "Impembelelo ye-dose ephezulu nge-standard-dose multivitamin supplementatio n ekuqalweni kwe-HAART ekuqhubekeni kwesifo se-HIV kunye nokufa eTanzania: ityala elilawulwa ngokungenamthetho." Umbhalo we-American Medical Association. Oktobha 17, 2012; 308 (15): 1535-1544.
> Constans, J .; Delmas-Beauvieux, M .; Sergeant, C; okqhubekayo. Ukuxhaswa kwe-one-year antioxidant kunye ne-beta-carotene okanye i-selenium kwizigulane ezitheleleke kwi-virus: i-test pilot. 23 (3): 654-656.
> Villamor E .; Msamanga, G .; Spiegelman, D .; okqhubekayo. "Impembelelo ye-multivitamin kunye ne-vitamin A yokufumana isisindo ngexesha lokukhulelwa kwabasetyhini abane-HIV-1." I- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition ; 76 (5): 1082-1090.