Ukusuka kwiiNtsholongwane eziqhelekileyo zoMlomo kwiNkcazo yoBomi
Ukusuleleka kwefungal kuqhelekileyo kubantu abaphila ne-HIV kwaye banokuvela kwiinqanaba ezahlukeneyo zesifo, ukususela kwisigaba sokuqala esicacileyo ukuya kwinqanaba le- AIDS elichaza izimo . Izifo ezintathu eziqhelekileyo zezifo zibizwa ngokuba yi- candidiasis , cryptococcosis , i- histoplasmosis kunye ne- coccidiomycosis.
Candidiasis
I-Candidiasis ibangelwa uhlobo lwesambatho esibizwa ngokuba nguCandida .
Usulelo oluqhelekileyo lubonisa emlonyeni naselwini, nangona kwezinye iindawo zomzimba (ngakumbi kubantu abane-HIV ephambili).
Xa ivela emlonyeni njenge- thrush, ibonakala ibonakala ngamanqatha amhlophe, emhlophe ngolwimi nakwezinye iindawo zomlomo nomqala. Xa ivela kumfazi njengentsholongwane yesimvu , ikwahluke ngohlobo oluthile lwe-cottage-cheese-like "discharge.
Xa isifo sisasazeka kwi-esopha, i-bronchi, i-trachea, okanye imiphunga, ukusuleleka kuthathwa njengento ebalulekileyo kwaye ihlelwe ngokusemthethweni njengendlela yokuchaza ngengculaza kubantu abane-HIV.
Iimpawu zeCandidiasis ziquka:
- Amathanga amhlophe emlonyeni, emlonyeni okanye ngolwimi.
- Umqala wesondo kunye nokutshintsha kwintlekwano ziqhelekileyo.
- Intlungu yesifuba nobunzima bokugwinya ukuhamba kunye ne-candidiasis ye-esophageal.
- Ukutshiza, ukutshisa, kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kwemhlophe emhlophe kukubonisa i-candidiasis yama-vaginal.
Cryptococcosis
I-Cryptococcosis isifo esichengelayo esiyingozi esichaphazela abantu abangaphezu kwesigidi emhlabeni wonke unyaka. Kubantu abanentsholongwane kaGawulayo, banokuqhubela phambili kwinkqubela eyaziwa njenge-cryptococcal meningitis, echaphazela inkqubo ye-nervous and today is complication most common to people with AIDS.
I-fungi ye-causal, i- C. neoformans okanye iCartti, ifumaneka kumhlaba oqulethe iintlobo zeentaka. Ngokuqhelekileyo, indlela yokusuleleka isifo se-fungal spores. Ukungeniswa kwe-spores ayithathwa njengendlela efanelekileyo yokudluliselwa, ngelixa ukuthunyelwa komuntu ukuya kumntu kuthathwa njengengqabile.
I-cryptococcosis ye-Extrapulmonary (ebandakanya i-cryptococcal meningitis) ihlelwa ngamaziko okuLawula nokuLawula (i-CDC) njenge- AIDS-defining condition kubantu abane-HIV.
Iimpawu ze-cryptococcal meningitis ziquka:
- umkhuhlane
- Umbono ophazamisayo kunye ne-photophobia (ubunzulu obunzulu ekukhanyeni)
- ukudideka kwengqondo
- intloko
- inzima, intlungu
Histoplasmosis
I-Histoplasmosis ibangelwa i-fungus ebizwa ngokuba yi- H. capsulatum , enokufumaneka rhoqo kwi-droppings soild, intaka yehla, kunye ne-guano. Ukhuhlane luyaziwa luye lwasasazeka kwimpuma nakwi-central US (kwakunye ne-Afrika, i-Southeast Asia, i-Yurophu ye-Yurophu, kunye ne-Central kunye neMzantsi Melika), nangona abantu abaninzi abachaphazelekayo baya kuba nempawu ezinobunzima, ezikhuhlane-mkhuhlane ngaphandle kwefuthe elide.
Nangona kunjalo, kubantu abane-HIV ephambili, i-hertoplasmosis inokukhula ibe yintsholongwane engapheliyo yamaphaphu afana nesifo sofuba . Iyakwazi ukusasazeka ngaphaya kwemipuphu kwaye ifuthe amaninzi amanqanaba, ngokuqhelekileyo kwizigulane ezinegciwane le-HIV ezineenkcukacha ze-CD4 phantsi kwe-150.
Ngaloo ndlela, i-hertoplasmosis iye yahlukaniswa yi-CDC njengengxaki echazwa nguGawulayo kubantu abaphila ne-HIV.
Iimpawu ze-histoplasmosis ziquka:
- umkhuhlane
- i-lymph glands
- ukukhwehlela
- ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
- u bunzima obunzima
Coccidiomycosis
I-Coccidioimycosis ibangelwa yi-fungus C. i-immitis okanye i- C. posadaii , kwaye ibizwa ngokuba yi-Valley Fever. Ixhaphaze kakhulu abantu baseMzantsi-ntshona wase-US, kuquka neTexas kunye ne-Kalifornia yangasemzantsi, kunye nomntla waseMexico, iPentral America, kunye neMzantsi Melika.
Njenga-cryptococcosis, i-coccidiomycosis isasazwa ngama-fungal spores atholakala kumhlaba, oya e-airborne kwaye ephazamiseka kwimiphunga.
Iimpawu zihlala zifutshane kwaye ziphantsi kwaye ziquka:
- umkhuhlane
- intloko
- ukukhwehlela
- ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
- intlungu
- ukukhathala
Nangona kunjalo, xa isifo sisasazeka emiphakeni ukuya kwezinye iinkqubo zombutho kuthathwa njengesimo esichazayo se-AIDS , okubangela ukuba kukho izifo ezinzulu ezisuka kwizilonda zesikhumba, i-meningitis, izilonda zethambo kunye nentliziyo yokuvuvukala.
Imithombo:
Amaziko okuLawula nokuKhuselwa kwezifo (CDC). "Abantu abaphila ne-HIV / AIDS: Yintoni omele uyayizi malunga nokusuleleka kwefungal." Atlanta, Georgia; fi kelele ngoMeyi 27, 2016.
CDC. "Izikhokelo Zokuthintela Nokunyangwa Kwezonyango Ezichaphazelekayo Kwi-HIV-Abathintekayo Abathintekayo ne-Adolescents." Ukufa nokuHlanywa kweeVeki ngeveki. 2009; 58 (RR04): 1-198.