Iziphumo zibi kakhulu kubantu abane-HIV
Nangona iingozi zokutshaya ziyaziwa nabani na okhanyisa i-cigarette, ngokuqinisekileyo zibi kakhulu kubantu abaphila ne-HIV.
Cinga, ngakwesinye icala, ukuba i- HIV ibangela ukuvuvukala okuqhubekayo okuguqulela kumazinga aphezulu kweengxaki ze-HIV kunye nezingekho ze-HIV. Ngoku kongeza kumthwalo wokubhema kunye nempembelelo yayo kwimipompo, intliziyo kunye nezinye iinkqubo zesebe, kwaye kulula ukubona ukuba kutheni i-cigarettes namhlanje ithathwa njengowomnye umxhasi kwimpilo ebuthathaka kunye nokufa kungekudala kubantu abane-HIV-nokuba nabo unyango lwe-antiretroviral ngokupheleleyo.
Yintoni eyenza oko konke okuphatheleleyo kukuba izinga lokubhema phakathi kwabantu abane-HIV e-US liphindwe kabini lilonke labantu. Nangona izizathu zezi zinto zininzi, esinye sezimbangela eziphambili kukuba ukungaphumeleli kokunyanga i-HIV njengenkalo yokunakekelwa kweprayimari.
Ngokuqhelekileyo i-HIV iphathwa ngokuzimeleyo, zombini izigulane kunye noogqirha bahlala bebeka onke amanyathelo ezempilo okukhusela kwelinye icala. Ngoko endaweni yokubandakanya ukuyeka ukutshaya kunye kunye nokuphathwa kosuleleko lwe-HIV, sigxila ekufumaneni umthamo wentsholongwane kumanqanaba angabonakaliyo kwaye ushiye umba wokubhema komnye umhla.
Asikwazi ukwenza oko. Namhlanje, ukufunda emva kokufundwa kubonise ukuba ukutshaya kungekudala nje ukunciphisa ixesha lokuphila kubantu abane-HIV, kwandisa umngcipheko wokugula kunye nokudluliswa kwezifo.
1. Abantu abanentsholongwane kaGawulayo balahleka iminyaka engakumbi yokubhema kune-HIV
Kungakhathaliseki ukuba unalo unyango lwe-HIV okanye akunjalo, uphando oluvela kwiYunivesithi yaseCopenhagen luphelile ukuba ukutshaya njengengozi ozimeleyo kubandakanyeka nokulahlekelwa ubomi ngaphezu kweminyaka eyi-12.3 xa kuthelekiswa nabokutshaya kubemi bonke.
Uphando, olubandakanya abantu abayi-2,921 abane-HIV kunye nabantu abayi-10,642 abangenayo igciwane, baphetha ngokugqithiseleyo ukuba izinga lokufa kwababhemayo abane-HIV lalingaphezu kwesithathu kunelo lingabalingani abangenayo.
Xa kuthelekiswa nokutshaya nokungafuni ukutshaya ne-HIV, ukungafani kuya kuba mkhulu.
Ngokolu cwaningo, ithuba lokuphila komntu oneminyaka engama-35 ubudala lokubhema ne-HIV lalingama-62.6 elilingana neminyaka engama-78.4 ngenxa yokungabhiyoza nge-HIV-ukulahlekelwa ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-16.
2. Ukubhema kukhulisa kakhulu Ingozi yakho yomhlaza we-Lung
I-emphysema kunye nomdlavuza wamaphaphu sele sele idibene nokubhema ugwayi, kwaye impembelelo yayo kubantu abane-HIV ibonakala ibe yingozi ngakumbi kunangaphambili.
Ucwaningo olukhulu oluqhutywe yiSebe laseMelika leMicimbi yemiLungu libukele umlinganiselo wesifo somhlaza wamaphaphu phakathi kwabangu-7,294 ababhemayo abane-HIV nabangu-75.750 ababhemayo abangenayo i-HIV. Kwingxelo yabo, abaphandi baphetha ukuba izinga lomdlavuza wamaphaphu laliphantse ngokuphindwa kabini ekutshitshiseni i-HIV xa kuthelekiswa nokutshabalala kwabantu abaninzi, kwaye kwakukho ukunyuka okumangalisa, kwenyuka kwe-14 kwingozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu phakathi kwababhemayo abane-HIV.
Oko kwenza ukuba amanani akhoke ngakumbi kukuba ukunyuka kwenzeka nangakhathaliseki ukuba ngumntu we- CD4 count , umthamo wentsholongwane , imbali yesifo, nokuba ngaba umntu wayengenalo unyango lwe-antiretroviral .
Amanani okufa phakathi kwababhemayo abane-HIV nawo aphakamileyo, kunye neepesenti ezili-10 kuphela zokusinda komhlaza wamaphaphu xa kuqhathaniswa nama-40 ekhulwini abantu ababhema kulo lonke uluntu.
3. Umngcipheko Wentlungu Yentliziyo kunye neStroke Iphindwe kabini
Ingakhathaliseki ukuba ukutshaya okanye akunjalo, isifo senhliziyo sisoloko sikhathazeke kakhulu kubantu abanokusulelwa kwintsholongwane kaGawulayo. Ngokutsho kolawulo lwe-Veterans yase-US, ukutshaya njengengozi yokuzimelela ngokuzimeleyo kuhambelana nokunyuka kwexesha elibini kwengozi yokuhlaselwa yintliziyo kubantu abane-HIV xa kuthelekiswa noluntu jikelele.
Oku kubonakala kuyinyaniso kubantu abaphumelele unyango lwe-antiretroviral (ART) , ngo-2016 isifundo ngabaphandi baseMassachusetts General Hospital baphetha ukuba i-ART yedwa ayaneleyo ekunciphiseni ukuvuvukala okuphezulu okuhambisana nesifo senhliziyo.
Ukuba unomntu onentsholongwane kaGawulayo otshaya, iziphumo zibi nakakhulu, zineengozi eziphindwe kabini zokuhlaselwa yintliziyo okanye ukubetha xa ziqhathaniswa nabantu abane-HIV abangazange bashiye.
Oko akuthethi ukuba kunjalo, izinto azikwazi ukuguquka. Uphando olufanayo luye lwabonisa ukuba ngokumisa i-cigarettes, umngcipheko wesifo senhliziyo esibi sehlile malunga nesiqingatha kwisithuba seminyaka emithathu.
4. Ababhemayo abachaphazelekayo abachaphazelekayo ngabaCarcer and Cancers
Umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko, umhlaza wesibeleko somlomo wesibeleko (ICC) , uye wahlulwa ixesha elide njengesifo esichaza i-AIDS ngamaZiko okuLawula izifo kunye noGawulayo. Ngokufanayo, umdlavuza womhlaza , obonakele ngokubanzi kubemi bemihlali, uvela kumazinga aphezulu aphezulu phakathi kwamadoda anesifo se-HIV abelana ngesondo kunye namadoda (MSM) .
I- papillomavirus yomntu (HPV) idibaniswa kunye zombini la ma-cancer, enomngcipheko othile "ophezulu" okhuthaza ukuphuhliswa kwezilonda ezingaphambi komhlaza-oko kuthi, ngokubhekiselele, kuqhubekele kwiCCC kunye nezidumbu zangaphambili.
Ukungabonakali nje ukubhema kubonakala kuguqula ikhondo le-HPV lemvelo kwaye kwandisa ingozi yezi zimbini zezi zifo, kubandakanya izinga lala ma-khansa kubantu abanesifo se-HIV-ngokuphakama ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwe-15 kwengozi yomhlaza wesibeleko kwabasetyhini kunye nokunyuka kwama-40 kwengozi yomhlaza wesi sifo kwi-MSM xa kuthelekiswa nabantu base-US jikelele.
Ngaphezu koko, umngcipheko wokuphuhlisa i-HPV yesifo (umz., Iil warts, izilonda ezingaphambi komdlavuza) zibonakala zikhutshwe ngokutshaya kubantu abane-HIV. Uphononongo olwenziwa ngo-2013 oluvela kubaphandi kwiYunivesithi yaseWashington e Seattle licebise ukuba kubekho ukuphakama okuphindwe kathathu kwi-HPV ekufunyenwe phakathi kwe-MSM enesifo se-HIV oshunayo ngokumelene ne-MSM ekhulelwe yi-HIV engazange atshaye.
5. Ukubhema kwandisa ingozi yokudlulisa i-HIV kumntwana wakho
Ezo zombini kwilizwe eliphuhlisiweyo kunye nelikhulayo, uncedo lwezocwangco lokuthintela ukusulelwa komntwana kwintsholongwane kaGawulayo (PMTCT) luye lwasebenza ngokukhulu.
E-US, iziganeko ziye zahlahlela kwiimeko ezili-100 ezitsha ngonyaka, ngelixa nakwiMzantsi Afrika-ilizwe elinenani eliphezulu le-HIV kwiintsholongwane zehlabathi-sibonile izinga lezithuba ezivela kwiipesenti ezingama-30 phambi kokuba ukuqaliswa kwe-PMTCT ngo-2001 ukuya kuma-2.7 ekhulwini ngo-2010.
Nangona kunjalo, impumelelo ebonwayo kumlinganiselo wabantu ayibonakali oko kwenzekayo kumntu ngamnye ukuba umama onentsholongwane kaGawulayo ubhema. Uphando oluninzi olwenziwa ngabaphandi kwiSifundo seMama kunye neNtana (isifundo seminyaka emine esenziwa eBrooklyn naseBronx, eNew York) siphando malunga nokubhema kwizinga lokuthunyelwa kwe-HIV.
Oko bakufumanisa kukuba oomama abakhulelwe abane-HIV abatshiza emva kokuqala kwe-trimester banokunyuka kathathu emngciphekweni wokudlulisela i-HIV kwiintsana zabo xa kuthelekiswa nabalingane abangazange bashiye emva kwe-trimester yokuqala.
Ezi zinyuka zahlanganiswa nokuqhekeka kwangaphambili kweembrane. Ingakumbi kubomama abangazange baphathwe nge-HIV ngaphambi kokunikezelwa (okanye abanakho ukunyanzeliswa komthamo wentsholongwane ngexesha lonyango), ukuphuka okunjalo kunokunyusa kakhulu ukukhutshwa komntwana ongakazalwa.
Imithombo:
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Sigel, K .; Wisnivesky, J .; Ubulungisa, A .; okqhubekayo. I-HIV Infection Is Factory Risk Factor yeLung Cancer. INgqungquthela ye-17 kwi-Retroviruses kunye neZifo eziHlangeneyo (i-CROI 2010). Esan Francisco; NgoFebruwari 16-19, 2010: Isiqendu 30.
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Burns, D .; Landesman, S; Muenz, L .; okqhubekayo. "Ukubhema i-cigarette, Ukukhutshwa kweMimbrane, nokuThuthwa kweNtsholongwane kaGawulayo-1 phakathi kwabasetyhini abane-CD4 +." I-Journal ye-Immune Deficiency Syndrome. Julayi 1994; 7 (7); papasho.