Izibonelelo zokuyeka ukusukela kwi-inshurensi ukuya kwiMedicaid
Ukubhema kuyinto ekhuselekekileyo ebangela inani eliphezulu lokulahleka kweminyaka-yabantu kubantu abane-HIV kwilizwe eliphuhlisiweyo. Enyanisweni, iipesenti ezingama-42 zabantu abaphila neNTSHOLONGWANE KAGAWULI namhlanje zibalwa njengabantu ababhemayo, ngokuphindwe kabini umyinge wesizwe.
Ezi zibalo ziqulunqa imfuneko yokungenelela okungakumbi, apho abantu abasandul ' ukuvavanywa abane-HIV bahlolisiswa ukusetyenziswa kwecuba kwaye banikezela izixhobo zokuyeka ukuxhomekeka kwiinkalo zentlalo yoluntu, ezoqoqosho, ezengqondo nezengxaki zonyango.
Ukudibanisa Ukuyeka Ukubhema kwi-HIV Care
Ukususela ekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1980, uphando lubonise ukuphumelela kokudibanisa ukukhutshwa komsi wokuyeka ukubhekela ukunakekelwa kwe-HIV . Ngokudabukisayo, ukuphunyezwa kuye kwalahla emva, kunye nabangaphantsi kwama-50 ekhulwini ababonelela ngononophelo lwe-HIV banikela izigulane zabo ukutshaya ukungenelela okanye ukuhanjiswa, ngokubhekiselele kwingcaciso evela kwiSebe laseMelika leMfuyo yeMfuyo.
Nangona kunjalo, kukho iinzame kwiminyaka yakutshanje ukuphucula ukuhlanganisana phakathi kwabanikezeli, iingcebiso eziphambili ezibandakanya:
- Ukubonelela izigulane ngolwazi ngeengozi ze-HIV kunye nokutshaya , kuquka ukuxhatshazwa kwezifo ezifana nesifo senhliziyo, umhlaza wamaphaphu , kunye nesifo esingapheliyo se-pulmonary disease (COPD).
- Ukulawula ezimbini ukuyeka ukutshaya amayeza kunye kunye nokucebisa rhoqo kunye nokulandelelana.
- Ukubhekiselele kwizigulane kwiingcali (umzekelo, ababoneleli ngempilo yengqondo, iinkqubo zokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi, abasebenzi bezentlalo, amaqela enkxaso ), njengoko kuyimfuneko.
- Ukuphinda ulungise ngokutsha ukuyeka ukutshaya imithi emva kokubuyela kuphinda. Izifundo ziye zabonisa ukuba ababhemayo baya kuzama ukuyeka amahlanu ukuya kusixhenxe, ngokuqhelekileyo, ngaphambi kokuphumelela. Ukulandelelana okuqhubekayo kunye nenkxaso kubonwa ukuba yintloko ekuboneni (kunye nokujongana) nokutshaya ukutshaya.
Okwangoku, amanye amaqela aphanda iindlela zokuphucula umgangatho odibeneyo.
Kwisifundo esithile esenziwa kwiYunivesithi yaseTexas, abaphandi babonisa ukuba i-nicotine yonyango yokuguqula indawo (i-NRT), xa isetyenziselwa kunye neengcebiso zeefowuni eziqhelekileyo, ukuphucula izinga lokuzibamba abantu abane-HIV ngamaphesenti angaba ngu-400 ukuya kwi-NRT engokwemveli, engaxhaswanga.
Izinketho zokuCima ukuCima ngaphantsi koMthetho wokuNakekelwa ongenakuncedo
Ngaphantsi kwe- Career Affordable Act (ACA) , i-inshurensi yabucala eyakhiwe emva komhla we-23 Matshi 2010 kufuneka ibandakanye ilungiselelo leenkonzo zezempilo ezikhusela ngaphandle, kuquka nokusetyenziswa kwecuba ukuhlola abantu abadala kunye nokungabikho kokungabikho kokutshaya. Ngokufanayo, ukwandiswa kweenzuzo zeMedicaid ngoku kunika uxanduva lokuyeka ukutshaya kwabo bonke abantu abadala (apho iinzuzo kwezinye iindawo zilinganiselwe kubafazi abakhulelweyo kuphela).
Ukwaphulwa kobhengezwa ngumnikezeli kulandelayo:
- Ukuxilongwa - Ukwandiswa kokupheliswa komsi wokuyeka ukubhema kwabo bonke abantu abadala base-US uthi u-Januwari 1, 2013. I-ACA iqhubela phambili ukunyanzela ukufaneleka kweMedicaid kubo bonke abantu abadala abafumana imali.
- I-Medicare - i-Nicotine yamanzi, i-nicotine inhaler, i-bupropion kunye ne-varenicline, kunye nokucebisa ngabanye, ezimbini ziyeka ukuzama umnyaka. Ukuvalwa kwe-Medicare Part D "umgodi wenkxaso" kwenza kwakhona amayeza afikeleleke kakhulu kwiindleko zangaphandle.
- Intengiso ye-Intshumo yezeMpilo kaRhulumente- ifuna zonke izicwangciso zokujonga iiNzuzo zezeMpilo ezibalulekileyo, kubandakanywa ukuyeka ukutshaya (nangona inzuzo ingahluka ngecebo kunye / okanye umboneleli).
- Umqeshi-Umqeshi -Nkxaso-mboleko- Udinga ukukhutshwa kwazo zonke iinkonzo zokukhusela ezinikwa "A" okanye "B" ukulinganiswa yi-US Force Preventive Services Task Force, kubandakanywa ukuyeka ukutshaya (nangona inzuzo ingahluka ngocwangciso kunye / okanye umboneleli).
Ukuze ufunde kabanzi malunga nokufaneleka okanye ukufikelela kwonyango, qha ga mshelana no-1-800-QUIT-MANJE (1-800-784-8669) ukuxhuma ngqo kunye nomnxeba osebenzayo kwimeko yakho. I-National Cancer Institute inikezela ngomyalezo we-LiveHelp wokuthumela umyalezo osheshayo (ngesiNgesi kuphela) ukususela ngo-8: 00 ukuya ku-8: 00 ntambama nge-EST.
Imithombo:
Amaziko e-US for Control and Prevention (CDC) yeZifo. "Ukubhema ukubhema kubantu abadala - iUnited States, ngo-2011." Ukuxhatshazwa kunye nokufa kweeVeki ngeveki (MMWR). Novemba 9, 2012; 61 (44): 889-994.
Mdodo, R .; Frazier, E .; Mattson, C; okqhubekayo. "Ukubhema i-cigarette phakathi kwabangama-HIV + abadala ekunakekeleni: Iprojekthi yokuLawulwa kwezeMpilo, i-US, ngo-2009." INgqungquthela ye-20 kwi-Retroviruses kunye neZifo eziHlangeneyo (i-CROI 2013). Atlanta, Georgia; Ngo-Matshi 3-6, 2013: Isiqendu 775.
Hughes, J. "Izonyango ezintsha zokuyeka ukutshaya." I-CA: I-Journal yeCancer for Clinicians. NgoMeyi-Juni 2000; 50 (3): 143-145.
Vidrine, D .; Arduino, R .; Lazev, A .; okqhubekayo. "Uvavanyo olungenangqiqo lwongenelelo lwefowuni olusebenzayo kubantu ababhema abane-HIV / AIDS." AIDS. NgoJanuwari 9, 2006; 20 (2): 253-260.
I-American Lung Association. " Ukunceda Ababhemayo Bayeke Ukuyeka UkuCoca I-Coffee : Yintoni Efihliweyo?" EWashington, DC; 2012.