Ukusebenzisa i-nutrigenetics kunye ne-nutrigenomics ekusebenzeni kwakho
Ukubaluleka kwesondlo esihle kwimpilo kuye kwaqatshelwa ngokubanzi. UHippocrates wamemezela esithi, " Makudle ukutya kube ngamayeza akho kunye neyeza kukutya kwakho ." Ziziphi iidolophu zakudala ezazi kwizinga elimnandi ngoku zifundiswa ngokugqithiseleyo, zisebenzisa iindlela zobuchwepheshe zesayensi kunye ne-"omic" ubuchwepheshe. Kubonakala ukuba akunakwenzeka nje ngokutya ukutya "okulungileyo", kodwa nangokutya ukutya "okulungileyo" kuwe .
Ukudibanisa i-gene-gene isifundo esishushu kwisayensi yezobugcisa. Ukutya okunomntu kuvela njengendlela yokwenza unyango. Uphando oluninzi lwezonyango kunye nolwazi olunzulu luye lwabonisa indlela enokwenzeka ngayo le ncwadana, kwaye izigulane ziyanomdla kwizentrigenomics zorhwebo.
Ufanele ube njani njengeklinikhi ukuba uphendule kule mizila emitsha kwinkathalelo yezempilo? Yaye zeziphi ezinye zezinto onokufuna ukuziqwalasela xa uthetha nezigulane zakho malunga nezidlo ezizodwa?
Eli nqaku linika uhlolo olulinganisiweyo lwe-nutrigenomics kwaye luphonononga ezinye zezinto ezenzululwazi zenzululwazi zentsimi ngenjongo yokukunceda xa uvavanya ixabiso lexabiso le-nutrigenomics.
I-Nutrigenomics-I-Science-Edge Science
Siyazi izondlo zokutya, ama-bacterial gut, kunye nama-genomics emathunjini kunye ne-physiology zimela uluntu olunzima olubalulekileyo kwimpilo yabantu. Into esiyidlayo ayikuchaphazeli kuphela impilo yethu kunye ne-metabolism, kodwa nayo inegalelo ekubunjweni kwegciwane le-microbiota kunye nesimo somzimba.
I-Nutrigenomics yintsimi yesayensi-eli gama lasetyenziswa okokuqala ngo-2001-elichaphazelekayo phakathi kokutya kwethu kunye ne-genome. Ngoku kulungele ukutyelela iimveliso zendalo ngokweendlela ezahlukahlukeneyo zokuxhatshaza ngokubhekiselele kwi-genotype yomntu. I-Nutrigenomics ibonisa ukutshintshwa kwi-epidemiology ukuya kwi-biological molecular and genetics.
Ngokukodwa, ibukeka kwiinguqu ze-genomic ezibangelwa izondlo zondlo. Ngenxa yoko, ijolise ukwenza umntu kwaye ahlaziywe unyango olwakuthi lube nalo, kwaye kunjalo, lujoliswe kubo bonke abantu.
Kukho imibuzo eninzi engaphenduliweyo kwi-nutrigenomics. Nangona kunjalo, ukusombulula i-puzzle-genomics puzzle kuya kusenza sibe sisondele ekuphuculeni isondlo esifanelekileyo esingasetyenziselwa kunye neendlela eziqhelekileyo zokunyanga nokukhusela izifo kunye nezimo ezingapheliyo. Iziphumo ze-nutrigenomics sele zisetyenziswe kwinqanaba elithile lokunyanga izifo ezinezinto zokutya, ezifana nesifo sesifo sofuba (IBD), isifo sikashukela, ukukhuluphala, nomhlaza. Ngokuqwalasela iimpawu zofuzo zomntu (kunye nobudala beendlela zokuphila), sinokuphucula ukuphumelela kokungenelela kwexesha elizayo.
Ulwazi malunga neenzuzo zezondlo ezithile zide zintsha. Kwamawaka eminyaka, amayeza emveli asebenzisa iintlobo zezityalo kunye neemeko zendalo ezikwazi ukuzenza njengabaxhasi be-genomic. Ngokomzekelo, iziphumo ezichasene nomdlavuza wee-phytochemicals, ezifumaneka kwimifuno kunye neziqhamo ezahlukeneyo, ngoku ziye zafunyanwa ngokwesayensi. Abaphandi baveza iindlela zabo zokusebenza-umzekelo, umphumo we-antioxidant.
Izifundo zokuqala kwi-oncology zibonisa ukuba, xa zisetyenziselwa ukulungiswa kwimizimba eqhelekileyo, ii-phytochemicals zendalo zinganciphisa ubuthi obubangelwa yi-radiotherapy okanye i-chemotherapy. Ngokufanayo, iMeditera Diet ifumane inkxaso eninzi yenkxaso yesayensi njengendlela yokuthintela isifo sengqondo ngenxa yempawu zayo ezichasayo.
Ukusetyenziswa kwezondlo ezithile kwiyeza zonyango, ngoko, kuba ngumsebenzi wesiseko esekelwe kumqondiso. Ngokuqhelekileyo izigulane zikhuthazwa ukuba zithande izidlo ezizityebi kwizidalwa ezisekelwe kwisityalo kuba kubonakala ngathi ezi zondlo zijolise kwizakhi zengqungquthela ezibangela ukuphuhliswa kwesifo esingapheliyo nokuzikhusela.
I-Nutrigenomics ngoku ihamba inyathelo elongezelelweyo, idibanisa iingcebiso eziqhelekileyo zokutya kunye ne-genotype yomntu.
I-Nutrigenomics inezinto ezifana ne-pharmacogenomics. Noko ke, umahluko kukuba le mveliso isebenzisa iikhemikhali zokwenza izinto ukuze zenze utshintsho lomzimba kodwa i-nutrigenomics incike kwizinto ezingokwemvelo ezifumaneka kwisidlo esiyidlayo. Ukuhlaziywa ngokubanzi kwendaba epapashwe ngoJulayi kwiiNkomfa kwi-Biology Biology iyaxela ukuba kungekudala, izityalo ze-nutrigenomics ziya kunceda ekuphuhlisweni kwezilwanyana ezintsha ezisekelwe kwizinto zendalo. Ngako oko, amandla okule myalelo mhlawumbi ayanda ngaphezu kweengcebiso zokutya kunye nesondlo somntu. Isiganeko esinokuthi siza kusenokwenzeka singaquka ikhishi elinezixhobo zokushicilela ezi-3-D ezivelisa izidakamizwa kunye nezondlo isigulane siya kuthatha ekuseni nganye ngekhofi.
I-Nutrigenetics neNutrigenomics
Umehluko phakathi kwe-nutrigenetics kunye ne-nutrigenomics ihlala iphazamisekile. UJael Joffe noChristine Houghton, amalungu eqela leSayensi yeManuka efundisa i-nutrigenomics kunye ne-nutrigenetics kubaqeqeshi bezempilo, phawula ukuba le mibini ibinokuthi ibonakale ngokujonga kwizenzo zomzimba.
Kwi-nutrigenetics, iizakhi zisebenza kwizinto zendalo (umz. I-enzymes). Ngokwahlukileyo, kwi-nutrigenomics, imo yempembelelo yentsholongwane yomzimba. Ngamanye amazwi, umdla omkhulu omkhulu we-nutrigenomics yempembelelo ye-biomolecules kwimbonakalo yegazi. Ezi molekyuli ze-bioactive zingakwazi ukuguqula i-gene okanye i-down, isebenze okanye uyibeke, edlalwa ngokubhekiselele ekutshintsheni i-gene okanye icime.
Xa ebhekisela kubini, nutrigenetics kunye ne-nutrigenomics, uJoffe noHoffon bacebisa ukusebenzisa i-term genomics yexesha. I-genomics yesondlo ihamba ngaphaya kweemvavanyo eziphathekayo eziza ngqo kumthengi, ezifana ne-DNAfit kunye ne-23 kunye, kwaye iquka ulwazi lwe-biochemistry enempilo enokunceda ukuqonda impilo kunye nokuvela kwesifo kumntu othile.
Ngokuqinisekileyo, i-nutrigenetics kunye ne-nutrigenomics edibeneyo inokukunceda nje ngokuba ugqirha uphuhliso lwamanyathelo olawulo olufanelekileyo kwizigulane zakho. Nangona kunjalo, oku kusenokuba yinkqubo ecacileyo, kwaye mhlawumbi kufuneka uqwalasele ezinye zeemida kunye nempikiswano yentsimi.
Iimveliso kunye nemiSebenzi yokusebenzisa i-Nutrigenomics kwiNkqubo yakho
Nangona iingcali ezininzi zikholelwa kwi-nutrigenomics, ayininzi ngokubanzi okwenzayo. Ubungqina obuqinileyo boluvo lufunekayo ngaphambi kokuba luqhutywe ngokuqhelekileyo kwinkqubo yeklinikhi. Uphando luqhubekayo; Nangona kunjalo, kubonakala ukuba ngoku, izinto ezingaziwayo zibala ngaphezu kwazo.
Ngamanye amaxesha kuye kwaxelwa ukuba le teknoloji yezobugcisa inokukhishwa kwangaphambili, ngaphandle kobungqina obunzima bokuxhasa ezinye zeenkcazo ezenziwa yiinkampani ezinikeza iimvavanyo zentengiso ye-nutrigenomics.
UChristiana Pavlidis, umlo wesondlo kwiYunivesithi yasePatras eGrisi, uthi, ngoku, iigenari ezingama-38 eziqhelekileyo ukuvavanywa kwiimveliso zorhwebo ze-nutrigenomics azibonakali zidibeneyo kunye nezifo ezinxulumene nokutya. I-Pavlidis iyavuma ukuba kubalulekile ukuqhubeka nophando malunga nempembelelo yezondlo kwi-gene kunye neprotheni. Nangona kunjalo, uyasilumkisa ngokumelene nokwenza izibango ezicacileyo. I-Pavlidis ibonisa ukuba ngaphambi kokuba iimvavanyo ezintsha zifumaneke kuluntu, kufuneka kube nokuphonononga okupheleleyo kunye nokuhlanganiswa kobungqina.
Umzekelo wonyango lwempilo ojolise ekukhuseleni izifo ezisekelwe kwimveliso yezofuzo zinezibonelelo ezininzi. Kuxhalabele ukukhuselwa kwezifo kunokuba unyango lwezonyango. Ezinye iingcali ezikhokelayo zijonga ukutya okunomntu ukuba "yi-grail engcwele" yeyeza elizayo. Kubalulekile, nangona kunjalo, ukuba uhlale usesikhathini kunye nophando olutsha kwintsimi.
Uphando, umzekelo, ubonisa ukuba abantu bahlaziya i-omega-3 fatty acids ngokuxhomekeke kwi-genotype yabo, oku kuthetha ukuba abanye abantu abanokungenelwa kukuthatha. Ucwaningo lwaseCanada olukhokelwa nguMelanié Plourde oluvela kwiCandelo loPhando malunga nokuguga eSherbrooke lubonise ukuba abathwali beyona nto ebalulekileyo yokuvelisa i-Alzheimer's disease (E4) kubonakala ngathi banobungozi bokungabikho kwe-omega-3 kwaye bangadinga ukuncedisa ngokukhawuleza.
Ukufunyanwa kwangoko kufuneke ukuba kuhlanganiselwe rhoqo kwiimveliso zentengiso ye-nutrigenomics kunye nokwazisa iingcebiso ezondlo ezinikezelwa izigulane. Njengononophelo lwempilo, unokufuneka usebenze njengomgcini wesango ovavanya ubungqina beemvavanyo ezintsha kunye nokulinganisela ubuchwepheshe obunzulu bokuchasana namaqiniso ezokwelapha.
Indlela yokusondela kwizigulane malunga neNutrigenomics
Izifundo zibonisa ukuba inani elinyukayo lezigulana lifuna ukuhlolwa kwe-nutrigenomic kunye neengcebiso. Ingxoxo malunga ne-nutrigenomics phakathi kwakho nezigulane zakho, ngoko ke, iya kuba yinto eqhelekileyo kwixesha elizayo.
Iinkampani ezisekelwe kwiWebhu zenza ulwazi lwezofuzo lufumaneke ngakumbi kwizigulane zakho. Nangona kunjalo, abathengi kaninzi banakho ukuqeqeshwa ukuchonga ngokuchanekileyo iziphumo zabo zokuvavanya. Ngoko ke, oogqirha abanolwazi lwe-nutrigenomics kungekudala bangabancedo kakhulu.
Ngokomzekelo, uvavanyo lwe-nutrigenomics ngqo-umthengi lubonisa ukuba isigulane asivelisi i-enzyme egawula i-lactose. Oku akuthethi, nangona kunjalo, ukuba ngaba i-lactose engavumiyo njengoko i-gut gut bacteria iyakwazi ukutshiza ubisi. Ukuba unokukwazi ukuguqulela ngokufanelekileyo izigulane zakho zokuhlolwa kwe-nutrigenomics kwiziphumo zobomi bokunyani "izixazululo zokutya," oku kungongeza kwiimpembelelo ezintle olu hlobo lokuvavanya lunika izigulane zakho.
Ukufumana ulwazi olongezelelweyo kule ndawo kunokuba luncedo ekusebenzeni kwakho. Iikhosi ze-post-graduate kwi nutrigenomics kubaqeqeshi bezempilo sele sele zikhona; Ngokomzekelo, enye inikwe yinkampani yemfundo yeManuka.
Indima yakho njengeklinikhi ingabandakanya ukucebisa izigulane kwiingxaki zezoqoqosho zentengiso ye-nutrigenomics. Kuye kwabhalwa ngaphambili ukuba iimvavanyo ze-DNA zasekhaya zihlala zijongene nokungahambi kakuhle. Ngokomzekelo, umahluko omkhulu phakathi kweenkampani sele ziphawulwe. Ezi zigxeko ezifanayo zisebenza kwi-nutrigenetics yorhwebo kunye neemvavanyo ze-nutrigenomics.
Izigulane zakho kufuneka ziqaphele ukuba ezinye iimvavanyo zorhwebo zifumaneke ziza kubonelela ngezibikezelo ezingavumelekanga. Isikhokelo esivela kwizakhono, ngakumbi xa sibhekene nezimo ezinzima, ngoko kubalulekile. Ukongezelela, akucaci nakwizakhono zengqondo zokuziphatha ngendlela efanelekileyo yokukhuthaza izigulane ukuba zibandakanye ukutya okutsha ezihambelana neemfuno zabo ezithile. Ngokutsho kophando lwakutshanje, iimvavanyo zodwa zihlala zingaboneleli ngokwaneleyo.
Iidlo zokutya ziyanciphisa, kwaye ezinye iingcali zondlo ziye zaphawula ukuba xa izilwanyana ezithintekayo zilandelwa ixesha elide, zinokubangela ukuba i-microbiome ehluphekayo, ibe idibene nemiphumo yezempilo embi. Ukuhlolisiswa kwezigulane zaseYurophu ezinezifo ezixhamlayo zibonisa ukuba i-fecal microbiome yabo iqulethe iipesenti ezingama-25 ngaphantsi kweengqungquthela zezilwanyana ezincinci ngokuthelekiswa nabantu abaphilileyo. Oku kuphakamisa ukuba iintlobo ezingaphantsi kwezilwanyana azihambisani kakuhle nempilo. Ngokwahlukileyo, i-microbiota ecebile (exhaswa yindlela yokutya eyahlukileyo) idibeneyo kwimpilo enhle.
Njengengcali yezempilo, kufuneka ukwazi ukubuyisela le ngcaciso kwizigulane zakho phambi kokuba benze izigqibo ezinzulu malunga nokutya kwabo abatsha-ngakumbi xa bakhuthazwa yimiphumo yovavanyo lwekhaya lwe-nutrigenomics olungenakho uvavanyo lwezesayensi.
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> Joffe Y, Houghton C. Indlela yeNveli kwiNutrigenetics kunye neNutrigenomics yoTywala kunye noLawulo lweSikolo. Imibiko yeOncology yamanje . 2016; 18 (7): 1-6
> Nock T, Chouinard-Watkins R, Plourde M. Ukuhlaziywa: Abathwali be-apolipoprotein E-epsilon 4 allele basengozini yokutya kwe-omega-3 fatty acids kunye nokuncipha kwengqondo. I-BBA - i-Molecular and Cell Biology ye-Lipids . 2017; 1862 (iSahlulo A): 1068-1078
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