Ukuze ulawulwe kakuhle i- HIV yakho, iindidi zeemvavanyo zegazi zenziwa ngokuqhelekileyo ngexesha lokutyelela ugqirha ngamnye. Xa kuboniswe iziphumo zale mvavanyo, abaninzi abantu baya kukhangela inani labo le- CD4 kunye nomthamo wentsholongwane kunye nebala elihle kakhulu. Kwaye nangona amanye amagama okanye amanani enza ingqiqo, kudla nzima ukuqonda oko bathethayo okanye indlela abafaka ngayo kuwe njengomntu.
Umgca wenyani kukuba le mivavanyo yinto ebonakalayo ibaluleke njengokuba i-HIV yakho ithi. Bangakwazi ukuqikelela ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane okanye ukulinganisa impendulo yakho kumachiza atyunjiweyo-ukufumana okanye ukuthintela imiphumo echaphazelekayo eyenziwa ngamanye amaxesha. Ngokufumana ukuqonda okuyisiseko kweminye yale mvavanyo ephambili, uya kuba nako ukukwazi ukuthatha inxaxheba ekulawuleni okuqhubekayo kwe-HIV yakho ngendlela esebenzayo kunye nolwazi.
Yisiphi Isiphumo "esiqhelekileyo"?
Xa ufunda ingxelo yebhanti, iziphumo zibonakaliswa ngokubanzi kwixabiso lexabiso. Ezi zithethe zithelekiswa nebala "eliqhelekileyo" elichazwe kwingxelo, eboniswa ngexabiso eliphezulu kunye nexabiso eliphantsi. Ukuqwalaselwa kunikezelwa kwiimpawu eziwela ngaphandle kwoluhlu oluqhelekileyo njengoko oku kubonisa ukuba kunokukhathazeka. Iimpawu ezingavumelekanga ngamanye amaxesha zigqatshelwe ngokucacileyo okanye ziboniswe nge "H" ngokuphakamileyo kunye "L" ngokuphantsi.
Uluhlu oluqhelekileyo lusekelwe kwiimpawu ezilindeleke ukuba zifumane ngaphakathi kubemi bemihlaba ethile.
Ngaloo ndlela, abahlala bebonakalisa oko "kuya kuqhelekileyo" kumntu ophila ne-HIV. Ukuba isiphumo siwela ngaphandle kwebala elindelekileyo, akufuneki ukuba kubangele i-alamu. Xoxa ngoku nje ngogqirha wakho onokukwazi ukucacisa ukufaneleka kwayo.
Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba iziphumo ziyahlukahluka kwibhuyibhile kwibhuyibhile, mhlawumbi ngenxa yeendlela zokuvavanya okanye izixhobo zokuvavanya.
Ngako oko, kukulungele ukusebenzisa i-lab efanayo nayo yonke imvavanyo yakho. Ngexesha elifanayo, zama ukwenza iimvavanyo zakho kwixesha elifanayo-okanye ngaphantsi kwexesha elifanayo. Iimpawu ze-Serological zinokuthi ziguquke ngexesha lemihla, njengoko ziyakwazi ukuba umntu ugula, aphelile, okanye usanda kugonywa. Ukuba ungeva kakuhle ngemini yeemvavanyo zakho, unokuba ufuna ukucwangcisa olunye usuku xa uziva ungcono.
Gcwalisa Igalelo leGazi
Inani elipheleleyo legazi (CBC) lihlola i-chemistry kunye nokwenza igazi lakho. Iphaneli yeemvavanyo ijonge iiseli ezinoxanduva lokuthutha i-oxygen kunye ne-carbon dioxide emzimbeni kunye nalawo alwa nosulelo kwaye ancede ukuyeka ukuphuma kwegazi.
I-CBC inokukunceda ekuxilongweni kokusuleleka, ukuphazamiseka kwegazi, isifo se-autoimmune kunye nolunye uhlobo lwezinye iinkxalabo zempilo. I-anemia yenye yeempembelelo ezichaphazelekayo kunye ne- Retrovir (AZT) , umzekelo, uvavanyo olunokuthi luchonge amanqanaba okunciphisa umongo weethambo obangelwa yiziyobisi.
Phakathi kwezixhobo zeCBC zi:
- I-Hemoglobin (Hb) -Le yiprotheyini efunyenwe kwiiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezibopha nge-oksijeni kwaye zithumela ngqo kwiifom. Ixabiso le-hemoglobin ephantsi lidibene ne-anemia. Ngezinye izihlandlo zensimbi zichazwe kwiimeko ezinzima zokunqongophala kwe-anemia.
- Iiplatelets (PLT) -Iiseli zinoxanduva lokunceda ukuyeka ukuphuma kwegazi. Nangona abantu abanentsholongwane kaGawulayo banamaxabiso angaphantsi kwe-PLT kunabantu abemi, xa bumnene, ezi zinto zisoloko zingakhathazeki. Zombini i-nucleoside reverse transcriptase (i-NRTI) kunye ne-HIV ngokwayo inxulumene namazinga e-PLT aphantsi (okubizwa ngokuba yi-thrombocytopenia) kunye nezifo ezinxulumene ne-HIV, ezifana ne-lymphoma kunye ne- mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) .
- Inani lamaseli e- White (i-WBC) - Amaseli egazi amaninzi (i-leukocyte) ngumzimba weeseli ezilwa nosuleleko. Nangona i-WBC engezantsi ingaqhelekanga kubantu abane-HIV, amanqanaba amanqanaba angaphantsi angabonakalisa isifo esinzulu. I-CD4 lymphocytes ziphakathi kweeseli ezibandakanya iWBC. Ezinye ziquka i-neutrophils (ejolise kubhaktheriya nakwamanye amabhunga angaphandle), i-eosinophils (i-parasites, i-allergies), kunye ne-basophil (enoxanduva lokukhulula i-histamines ngexesha lokubanda okanye ukuphefumula).
Igazi zeGazi
Ezi mvavanyo zenziwa ukulinganisa izinga lamafutha ahlukeneyo (okanye "lipids") egazini, kuquka i- cholesterol kunye ne-triglycerides . I-HIV ngokwayo idibaniswe namazinga okwanda kwe-triglyceride kunye ne-LDL ye-cholesterol ("i-cholesterol embi") kwakunye namazinga okunciphisa i-cholesterol ye-HDL ("i-cholesterol efanelekileyo").
Ezinye izidakamizwa ze-antiretroviral, ezinjengeprotease inhibitors (PIs) , zinokuchaphazela amanqanaba e-lipid ngokunjalo. Ukubeka iliso kwezi xabiso kubaluleke kakhulu kubantu abane-HIV njengoko banamava angama- 50 amakhulu amathuba okuphucula izifo zentliziyo kunokubonke abantu.
Iipilisi ezahlukeneyo ziquka:
- I-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) -I-lipoprostin i-lipowroteol ithwala i-cholesterol kwisibindi ukuya kwezinye iindawo zomzimba kwaye idibaniswa nokuvalwa kwemida. Ukuba umntu uphakamise amazinga e-LDL, utshintsho lokutya kunye / okanye izidakamizwa zokunciphisa i-cholesterol zingabonakaliswa, ngakumbi kulabo abakwi-PIs.
- I-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (i-HDL) -Kwahlukileyo, lolu hlobo lwe-cholesterol linciphisa umngcipheko wesifo senhliziyo ngokunceda ukususa i-cholesterol embi kwimizimba kunye nokuyibuyisela kwisibindi ngenxa ye-metabolism.
- I-Triglycerides- Le yindlela yeoli egcina umzimba. Amanqanaba aphezulu e-triglycerides aqhelekileyo ahlotshaniswa ne-syndrome okanye i- pancreatitis .
Usebenziso lwebindi Uvavanyo
Le yipaneli yeemvavanyo ezilinganisa indlela isibindi esisebenza ngayo. Isibindi siyilungu elinoxanduva lwe-fatabolism ye-fat, i-carbohydrates, kunye neeprotheni kwakunye nokuvelisa ii-biochemicals ezifunekayo zokugaya. Ezi mvavanyo zinokukunceda ekuboneni izifo zesibindi okanye i-hepatitis kunye nomonakalo obangelwa kukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi, utywala okanye ezinye izinto ezinobuthi.
Isibindi siyavuma unyango njengento enetyhefu kwaye, njenjalo, ibenza njengenxalenye yomsebenzi wokuxutywa kwe-detoxification. Le nto inokuthi "iqhubele phambili" isibindi, ngokukhokelela kumonakalo (obizwa ngokuba yi-hepatotoxicity). Ezinye izigulane kwizidakamizwa ze-HIV I-Viramune (i-nevirapine) okanye i-Ziagen (abacavir) iyakwazi ukuphendula ngendlela engafanelekanga ekubangeni i-hepatotoxicity rhoqo kwiiveki zokuqala okanye kwiinyanga zokuqala unyango.
Ukongezelela, malunga nesithathu kwabaseMerika abanentsholongwane kaGawulayo banokusuleleka nge- hepatitis B (HBV) okanye i- hepatitis C (i-HCV) . Ukubeka iliso kwi-LFTs kukubalulekileyo ekuchazeni ezi zifo.
Uvavanyo oluyaziyo luquka:
- I-Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) -ALT yintyzyme efunyanwa esibindi. Olu vavanyo lusetyenziswa ukufumanisa ukukhubazeka kwesibindi okanye isifo sexesha elide. Amanqanaba e-ALT aphakanyisiweyo angabonisa ukusuleleka kwe-hepatitis. Ukongeza kwi-hepatitis yentsholongwane, izidakamizwa ezingaphezulu kwee-counter and other remedies ngamanye amaxesha zingabangela amazinga okunyuka kwama-ALT kunye notywala, izidakamizwa zokuzonwabisa, kunye ne-vitamin A.
- I-Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) -I-enzyme eyenziwa ngama-muscle kunye nezicubu kuwo wonke umzimba, kubandakanywa nesibindi. Olu vavanyo lusetyenziswa kunye ne-ALT ukuchonga iingxaki ezinobungozi okanye ezingasigxina. Ukuba amazinga aphakamileyo bobabini afumaneka, umonakalo wesibindi solu hlobo lunokwenzeka.
- I-alkaline phosphatase (ALP) -Onye yemisebenzi ebalulekileyo yesibindi kukuvelisa i-bile, esinceda ekugayeni amafutha. I-ALP yi-enzyme etholakala kwi-bile duct yesibindi. Xa ukuhamba kwe-bile kuphuculwa okanye kuphazamiseka, amazinga e-ALP akhulisiwe. Amanqanaba aphakanyisiweyo akwi-ALP angabonakalisa ingxaki yesibindi okanye ingqungquthela yesibindi ebangelwa ngumqobo (njengamatshe amatye) okanye isifo. Amanqanaba ephakamileyo e-alkaline e-phosphate angabonisa kwakhona ingxaki yethambo. Umboneleli wakho wezokwelapha uza kujolisa ukuqonda ukuba kutheni amazinga aphakamileyo kwaye ukuba ukwanda kunenxa yesibindi okanye ithambo.
- I-Bilirubin -Bilirubin yinto ephuzi efumaneka kwi-bile. Ukuphakanyiswa kwamazinga e-bilirubin kubangela ukuba i-jaundice ibone kwi-hepatitis. Inkunkuma ye-HIV i-Reyataz (atazanavir) inokubangela nokuphakanyiswa kwamanqanaba e-bilirubin kwezinye, okubangelwa ukuphuka kwesikhumba kunye namehlo. Nangona oku kungabonakali kukulimaza okanye kubonakalisa ingxaki yesibindi, kunokubandezeleka kwabo bachaphazelayo.
ImiSebenzi yeRinal Uvavanyo
Le yimivavanyo eyenza umsebenzi wezintso ohambelana neenkqubo zokungena kwi-urinary, esebenza njengezihlungi kwigazi kunye nokuncedisa ukulawula i-electrolytes, i-body pH, kunye negazi. Ezi mvavanyo ziyakwazi ukubona i-nephropathy-umonakalo okanye isifo sezintso-okanye ukufumanisa izifo ezibangelwa yimithi kunye nezinye izinto.
I-nephropathy ehlobene ne-HIV idibaniswa nobungozi obuninzi bokufa, kunye nesantya sengozi malunga neepesenti ezili-12 emhlabeni. Uninzi lwamachiza lunokuchaphazela iinjongo, oko kutheni umsebenzi weengtso kufuneka uhlolwe rhoqo. Oku kubaluleke nakakhulu nasiphi na isicatshulwa se-HIV esine-tenofovir (umz., ITruvada , i- Atripla ) njengoko yaziwa ngokuba yingozi yokungabikho kweengxaki kunye nokuhluleka kwezinye.
Yintoni omele uyiqwalasele:
- I-Creatinine -Creatinine yi-product ye-metabolism ye-muscle, eveliswe kwisilinganiselo esifanelekileyo kwaye ikhutshwe ngeentso. Utshintsho kumanqanaba e-creatinine lungabonisa ingxaki ngeentso, kodwa lube ngumphumo wokusetyenziswa kwezilwanyana ezithile okanye izongezelelo ezingaphezulu kwee-counter, ezifana ne-creatinine boosters ezithandwa ngabadlali bezemidlalo.
- I-Urea -Urea iyinxalenye yeprotheni yemetabolism, echithwe emzimbeni kumchamo. Amanqanaba aphakamileyo e-urrea angaboniswa ngophawu lokungasebenzi, inyoyiki yeengtso okanye ukungcola.
- Isilinganisi sokuhlanjululwa kwe-glomerular (iGFR) esilinganiselwayo-Olu vavanyo liqikelela inani lemali yefayiliti nganye ngomzuzu. Ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kubonisa ukukhubazeka kwemithwaba. Ukubekwa esweni kwezi zixabiso kubaluleke kakhulu kulabo baphina amayeza angachaphazela iintso
> Imithombo:
> U-Islam, F .; Wu, J .; Jansson, J .; okqhubekayo. "Umngcipheko ochaphazelekayo wesifo senhliziyo phakathi kwabantu abaphila ne-HIV: ukuphononongwa ngokuchanekileyo kunye nokuhlaziywa kwemeta." IHIV. Matshi 13, 2012; 13 (8): 453-468.
> Alter, M. "Epidemiology ye-virus ye-viral hepatitis kunye nentsholongwane kaGawulayo." Journal of Hepatology. Ulwahlulo lwe-Viral Hepatitis, ii-US Centers for Control and Prevention (CDC), i-Atlanta, GA. 2006; 44 (1): S6-S6.
> Iprogram yeZizwe eziManyeneyo kwiHIV / AIDS (UNAIDS). "Ingxelo ka-UNAIDS ka-2015 kwiNgqungquthela kaGawulayo ye-AIDS ." Geneva, eSwitzerland; I-ISBN: 978 92 4 1508934.