E-US, bekude kwaziwa ukuba, nangona xa ecebiswe ngeenzuzo zonyango lokuqala lwe-antiretroviral (ART) , inani elikhulu lezigulane ezifanelekayo kunyango ziya kuguqula. Enyanisweni, ngokwamaziko e- US for Control and Prevention (CDC) , ama-902,000 aseMerika afunyanwe ne-HIV, kuphela ama-363,000 ayenomdla kwi-ART ngo-2012.
Kwakuye kucingelwa ukuba ingxaki yokungabi nesigulane kunye / okanye ukuqonda kwakusentliziyweni yale statistical. Nangona kunjalo, uphando oluqhutywe ngo-2013 yi-Yunivesithi yaseZurich lubonise ukuba ukungafuni ukuqala i-ART akudlulelanga kuphela kwizigulane kodwa kunye noogqirha babo, ngokunjalo.
Uphononongo olwenziwe kwiindawo ezingama-34 kwiYurophu nase-Australia, luhlolisise izigulane ezazifunyaniswe ngeNtsholongwane kaGawulayo kwaye ziphantsi kokunyamekelwa ngugqirha ubuncinane iintsuku ezili-180. Kwizigulane kwiqela, i-67% yafunyaniswa kwisifo esisodwa ukuya kwiminyaka emine eyadlulayo, ngelixa i-28% sele ifunyanwe iminyaka emihlanu okanye ngaphezulu edlulileyo.
Phakathi kwabagqirha abaphandiweyo, i-78% yayineminyaka emihlanu okanye ngaphezulu yamava anokwenza i-HIV, ngelixa i-90% inezigulane ezingaphezu kwama-50 ezigulane ne-HIV ezinyameko zabo.
Imingcipheko yangaphambili kwiHIV
Uphando olwangaphambili lwalufumene ukuba izithintelo eziphambili zonyango phakathi kwezigulane kwakuyimithwalo ephakamileyo yeepilisi kunye negalelo eliphezulu lemiphumela yecala echaphazelekayo.
Ugqirha ukukhangeka, okwangoku, kwaxhomekeke kakhulu kwiimeko ezifana nokutshintsha imihlahlandlela yonyango kunye neengcamango zengcali ephikisanayo malunga nexesha "elichanekileyo" lokuqalisa ii-ART.
Ngezizukulwana ezisetyenziswayo ngoku ziqhayisa imithwalo ephantsi yeepilisi kunye nomphumo ongaphantsi-kunye nokunyanzelisa ukunyanga i-HIV kuma- CD4 ama -500 / mL nangaphezulu-loo miqobo ibonakala isuswe.
Kunoko, izigulane namhlanje zibonakala zingaboni kakuhle izibonelelo zonyango lokuqala, ngoxa oogqirha bacinga ukuba izigulane zabo ezininzi zilungele ukuzenza unyango, zivame ukulibazisa i-ART, kungekhona inyanga, kodwa iminyaka ngelo xesha. Ngokwalowo uphando:
- 47% yezigulane "azizange zifune ukucinga ngeHIV."
- Ama-50% abo baqeqeshelwa unyango bathi "ayilungele," ngelixa i-33% ivakalelwa "ingenangqondo."
Izizathu eziphambili ezikhankanyiweyo ziba "ukungabikho kwempawu" okanye isimo sengqondo esithi "Ndiyathembele emzimbeni wam ukuba ndixelele xa ndiza kuqala."
Ngokwahlukileyo, oogqirha bahlala belibazise i-ART kuba "bebengayazi isigulane eside ngokwaneleyo" okanye beva ukuba isiguli "sidangele" ukuqala. Ukongezwa:
- U-93% oogqirha babecinga ukuba iingcebiso zonyango zonyango zifanelekile izigulane zabo.
- Nangona kunjalo, kwindlela yokuphila ngokwenene, kuphela ama-51% aqalise i-ART kwizigulane ezine-CD4 izibalo ezingaphantsi kweeseli ezili-500 / mL, ngelixa i-16% kuphela ikholelwa ukuba kwakufanelekile izigulane ezine-CD4 zibalo ngaphezu kweeseli ezili-500 / mL.
Ukungafani kwala manani kubonisa okungakumbi nje ukungafuni ngokubanzi phakathi kwabaphili. Ngenene, banokubonakalisa ukungabaza phakathi kwabo babone izikhokelo zihamba kwelinye icala kwixesha elidlulileyo, kuphela ukubuyela embalwa kwiminyaka kamva xa kubonakala imiphumo engalindelekanga.
Ukongezelela koko, ukubonakala kokungakwazi ukulwa neengqinamba zobungqina kubonisa ukuba ingxoxo yomdabu ngokulungelelaniswa kwezigulane ayizange ishintshwe ekuboniseni ukutshabalalisa okwenzekayo "kwi-exceptional HIV" kwiminyaka emashumi edlulileyo, apho isigulane sokuzimela kwesigulane sisoloko siphumelele ukunakekelwa kwezigulane. Ukuba ngaba kunjalo, kunokuthi kube ngumcimbi "wokudlala" njengoko abenzi bomgaqo-nkqubo bazama ukunciphisa isithuba phakathi kobugcisa beklinikhi kunye nokusebenza klinikhi.
Ukuvavanywa kwe-HIV ngoku kunconywa kubo bonke abantu baseMerika abaneminyaka eyi-15-65-kunokuba bahlale "kumaqela aphezulu" -nethemba lokuba ukunyaniseka kunye neengcaciso ezingafaniyo ezinxulumene ne-HIV kwaye ziphakanyiswe kakhulu.
Imithombo:
Amaziko e-US for Control and Prevention (CDC) yeZifo. "I-CDC Fact Sheet | I-HIV e-United States: Amanyathelo okuNakekela." Atlanta, Georgia; epapashwe ngoJulayi 2012.
Fehr, J; Nicca, D .; Goffard, J .; okqhubekayo. "Izizathu zokungaqalisi unyango lwe-Antiretroviral: Uphando lwaMazwe ngamazwe phakathi kwabagulayo kunye noogqirha babo." INgqungquthela yase-European AIDS Clinicians Society (EACS); EBrussels, eBelgium; Oktobha 16-19, 2013; Abstract PS11 / 1.