Iintsholongwane ze-Molecule eyenziwe ngabantu ezenza i-HIV ekuhlaseleni iithagethi zeDummy
Abaphandi abavela kwiHarvard Medical School kunye neScripps Research Institute eFlorida baye bavakalisa ukuba inyeza yonyango, inikwe intramuscularly, ikhusele ngokufanelekileyo ukuhanjiswa kwe- HIV-1 kunye ne-HIV-2 kwiqela leenkomo zama-macaque ezibonakaliswe rhoqo kwiintsholongwane. Ukufumanisa kubonwa njengenyathelo lokuqala ekuphuhliseni umviwa ogonywayo onokukwazi ukukhusela okufanayo kubantu.
Abaphandi baseHarvard nabakwaScripps bakwazi ukuvelisa i-molecule eyenziwe ngebhulethi ebizwa ngokuthi i- eCD4-Ig , efanisa iintlobo ezimbini zeeprothem receptors ezifunyenwe kumaseli egazi ezimhlophe ezithintekayo kwi- HIV ngexesha losulelo. Ngokwenza njalo, i-HIV "ikhohlisiwe" ekuziqheleni kwi-genetic building, ngaloo ndlela iyanciphisa.
Indlela ECD4-Ig Works
i-eCD4-Ig yenziwe i- CD4 kunye nesinye isiqwenga seCCR5-i-target receptors ezisebenza ngokungena "ukukhiya" kwiseli-edibeneyo ifakwe kwisalathisi se- antibody . Ukwakhiwa kwemfuza kufakwa kwi-adenovirus (uhlobo lwesifo esingenalo isifo esibangela isifo), esithunyelwa ngqo kwiisisipha zomzimba. Emva koko, intsholongwane engenakubungozi inokuphazamisa iiseli, ifake i-DNA yayo kwinucleus, iphinde iguquke zibe yiprotheyini yeeprotheni-ikhuphe ngaphezulu kwee-antibodies.
Imizamo yangaphambili ekuqesheni "i-CD4-Ig" engasetshenziswanga (ie, ngaphandle kwecatshulwa leCCR5) sele iphumelele ngempumelelo.
Kwamanye amaxesha, ukuba iziphumo zamanqindi aguqukileyo aphantsi kakhulu, umsebenzi we-HIV uza kuphuculwa kuphela. Oku kungenxa yokuba i-HIV yakwazi ukuphuma kwi-neutralization ngokwaneleyo ukuba iguqule kwaye ibophe kwi-receptors.
Nangona i-HIV isakwazi ukuphunyuka kwaye iguqulwe phambi ko-ECD4-Ig, i-bivalent (oko kukuthi, ebandakanya iiseti ezimbini ze-chromosomes) ukusebenzisana kubonakala kubeka indleko enzima kwi-virus eguqulwayo, ngokunciphisa kakhulu ukukwazi ukuphindaphinda.
Kwizifundo zabo ezilawulwa zizilwanyana, abaphandi bathi iingonyama ezingenayo i-adenovirus eziguqulwe ngokwemizimba zakwazi ukunqanda zonke iintlobo ze-HIV-1, i-HIV-2 kunye ne-SIV (uhlobo lwe-HIV), nangona emva kokuba ijojowe ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngamaqondo aphezulu intsholongwane kwiiveki ezingama-40. Akukho nenye yeenkomo ezingenayo i-HIV, kwaye akukho namnye ochaphazelekayo kwi-eCD4-Ig (mhlawumbi ngenxa yokuba imizimba yabo yaqaphela iiprotheni njengeyabo).
Iimonki ezinganikezwa i-eCD4-Ig inoculate bonke babesulelekile.
Kuthetha ntoni Lonke Oku?
Nangona kusekuqaleni ukubonisa ukuba iimvavanyo kubantu ziya kunika iziphumo ezifanayo, indlela ibonisa iqhinga lokuguqula umdlalo ekuphuhliseni isitofu sokugonywa kwe-HIV .
Abanye sele beqalile ukuxilisa ukuba uphuhliso lwe-ECD4-Ig oluphumelelayo, olusebenza ngempumelelo kwixesha elide, lunokuba luncedo ekunciphiseni iintsholongwane zentsholongwane kaGawulayo, mhlawumbi ngokwabo okanye kunye nabanye abasebenza. Ukuba ngaba, ngokwenene, ukufezekiswa, ngoko ke izigulane ezinzulu, ukunganyangeki kweziyobisi ezininzi zinokunceda .
Sekunjalo, yonke le nto ihlala igxeka kakhulu. Uphando olongezelelweyo luya kunika ingqiqo enkulu kwiinyanga ezizayo, ngokubhekiselele kwindlela yokuqala kwezilingo zomntu kwixesha elizayo elizayo.
Olunye Uluhlu lweNveli kwiNtsholongwane kaGeni
Ukongeza kwiphando likaHarvard / Scripps, omnye usosayensi ukhangele kwezinye iindlela zokuguqula izityalo ukulwa okanye ukukhusela ii-HIV.
Enye imodeli enjalo ukusuka kwizenzululwazi kwi-Yunivesithi yeTempile ikhetha i-T-cells egazini le-HIV kwisigulane segazi kwaye isebenzisa i-enzyme ebizwa ngokuthi i- Cas9 "yokutshintshela" izinto ezivela kwi-DNA yesitokethi. Ngokwenza njalo, iiseli azikwazi ukusuleleka kwi-HIV.
Kucatshulwa ukuba ngokufakela la maseli emzimbeni wesigulane, amandla okusuleleka kwi-HIV aya kuncitshiswa kakhulu, aphucise ukunyuka kwesifo ngelixa ukwenza ukuba iiseli ezenziwe ngokutsha zibe yinxalenye yomzimba womntu (i-genetic makeup).
Ngokufanayo, izazinzulu kwi-UCLA zihlola ukusebenzisa i-molecule eyenziwe ngokuba yi- CAR (i-chimeric antigen receptor), ekwazi ukuguqula nayiphi na iseli yegazi kwiseli elimhlophe elibhekene negazi. Ngokufaka i-CAR zibe yintsholongwane yegazi, izazinzulu zakwazi ukuguqula iiseli kwiindidi ezithile zokubulala "ezifunekayo" ukuze zilungelelanise ukukhululeka kwe-HIV.
Nangona iinjongo zombini zikhoyo kwinqanaba le-tube test, ukufunyanwa kuthathwa njengento ebalulekileyo ekuphuhlisweni kwabaviwa abanegciwane le-HIV.
Imithombo:
Gardner, M; Kattenhorn, L .; Kondur, H .; okqhubekayo. "I-AAV-Express CD4-Ig inikeza ukhuselo olude kwiintlobo ezininzi zeengxaki ze-SHIV." Uhlobo. NgoFebruwari 18, 2015; i-doi: 10.1038 / imvelo14264.
Kaminski, R; Chen, Y; Tedaldi, E .; okqhubekayo. "Ukupheliswa kwama-genomes a-HIV-1 ukusuka kwii-cell T-lymphoid cells kusetyenziswa i-CRISPR / Cas9 gene editing." Uhlobo . Matshi 4, 2016; ipapashwe kwi-intanethi ye-DOI: 10.1038 / srep22555.
Zhen, A .; Kamata, M .; Rezek, V. et al. "Ingcinezelo Eyona Ntsholongwane KaGawulayo Ekhutshwe Ngama-cell Stem Cell". Unyango lweMelecular. Agasti 2015; 23 (80): 1358-1367.