Ukusetyenziswa, ukuqwalasela, kunye nokuchasene
I-Sustiva (efavirenz) yipilisi ye- antiretroviral esetyenziswe kunyango lwe-HIV kubini abadala kunye nabantwana.
I-Sustiva ihlelwa njenge-non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) kwaye iphinde ibe yinkalo yesalathisi edibeneyo i-Atripla (tenofovir + emtricitabine + efavirenz) esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo njengonyango lokuqala kwi-US
I-Sustiva ivunyelwe ukusetyenziswa ngu-US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ngoSeptemba 21, 1998.
EYurophu nakwezinye iindawo ezininzi zehlabathi, iziza zithengiswa phantsi kwegama elithile lezorhwebo, iStcrin.
UkuPhathwa kweziMilo
I-Sustiva ifumaneka kwi-tablet ye-600mg. Ithebhulethi ephuzi, i-oblong yile filimu efakwe kunye neprintwe inombolo "SUSTIVA" kumacala omabini.
I-Sustiva ifumaneka kwi-200mg ne-50mg ifomsule ifomu. Iifomsile ezingama-200mg zigolide ngebala, ziprintwe nge "SUSTIVA" kumzimba we-capsule kunye ne "200 mg" kwisikhongo. Iifomsile ezingama-50mg zinekhowudi yegolide eprintiwe nge "SUSTIVA" kunye nomzimba omhlophe obhalwe "t0 mg."
I-Sustiva akumele isetyenziswe njenge-monotherapy kodwa kunxulumene nezinye izidakamizwa ezichanekileyo ze-antiretroviral .
Imilinganiselo
Kubantu abadala, thabatha i-tablet nganye eyi-600mg imihla ngemihla, ngokufanelekileyo ngaphambi kokulala kunye nesisu esingenalutho. Ukongezwa:
- Ukuba ulawulwa yi-rifampin (isetyenziselwa rhoqo kunyango lwe-tuberculosis coinfection), ukwandisa umyinge ukuya kuma-800mg rhoqo ngeentsuku ezigulisa ngaphezu kwe-110 lbs (50kg).
- Ukuba ulawulwa yi-voriconazole (i- antifungal esetyenziswa rhoqo rhoqo ekuphatheni izifo ezichaphazelekayo nge-HIV), ukwandisa i-voriconazole yesondlo ukuya kuma-400mg kabini imihla ngemihla kwaye unciphise umxhasi ukuya kuma-300mg rhoqo ngosuku.
Kubantwana ubuncinane ubuneminyaka emithathu ubudala kunye no-7.7 lbs (35kg), bhala ngale ndlela:
- 7.7 lbs (3.5kg) ukuya ngaphantsi kwe-11 lbs (5kg): 100mg
- 11 lbs (5kg) ukuya ngaphantsi kwama-16,5 lbs (7.5kg): 150mg
- 16.5 lbs (7.5kg) ukuya ngaphantsi kwama-33 lbs (15kg): 200mg
- 33 lbs (15kg) ukuya ngaphantsi kwama-44 lbs (20kg): 250mg
- 44 lbs (20kg) ukuya ngaphantsi kwama-55 lbs (25kg): 300mg
- 55 lbs (25kg) ukuya ngaphantsi kwama-71.6 lbs (32.5kg): 350mg
- 71.6 lbs (32.5kg) ukuya ngaphantsi kwama-88lbs (40kg): 400mg
- 88 lbs (40kg) nangaphezulu: 600mg
Iifomsile ze-Sustiva zinokuginywa ngokupheleleyo okanye njengefefe. Ukuxhaswa kwifomati, ngakwelinye icala, akufanele nanini kutyunjiswe njengoko oku kungabangela ukungabi nelungelo lokutshatyalaliswa kwezinto (okanye ukugqithisa okungaphezulu) kubantwana.
Iziphumo eziPhakathi
Iziphumo eziqhelekileyo ezichaphazelekayo nokusetyenziswa kweSusva (kwi-10% yamatyala okanye ngaphantsi) zi:
- Rash
- I sizathu
- Utywala
- Intloko
- Ukukhathala
- Ukungabikho
- Ukuvutha
- Uxinzelelo oluthathaka
- Isisu esimoshakele
- Ukungaqhelekanga, amaphupha acacileyo
- Uhudo
- Ukuxinezeleka
- Ukhathazeka / ukuxhalabisa
Uninzi lweempawu zihlala zifutshane, zihlala zizixazulula ngokweziveki eziliqela ukuya kwenyanga. Ezinye iziphumo zesistim se-nervous effects (ukuxakeka, ukuxinwa kwengqondo) kunokuncitshiswa ngokuthatha iSustiva ngaphambi kokulala.
I-Sustiva-Associated Skin Rashes
Kwizifundo zonyango ezilawulwayo, i-26% yezigulane ezisandul 'ukuzityhila eSustiva zafumana inqanaba elithile lokukhwabanisa kwesikhumba, nangona uninzi lwazo ludinga ukulinganisela ngokukhawuleza kwaye luvame ukubonakala kwiiveki zokuqala zokuqala.
Ukuba ukhula ngokukhawuleza emva kokuqalisa uSusti, qhagamshelana nogqirha wakho okanye umboneleli wezempilo. Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo (ezingaphantsi kwe-1% yamatyala), ukugqithisa kunokuba nzima, kuboniswe ngomkhuhlane kunye ne-blisters, okubonisa ukuba ukuvuvukala komzimba kuthiwa yi-Stevens-Johnson syndrome, engadingi kuphela ukuphela kweyeza kodwa unyango ngqalelo.
Kuzo zonke ezinye iziganeko, ukukhawuleza kuya kudla ukuzinzisa ngaphandle kokuyeka unyango.
Ukungqinelana
I-Sustiva ayifanele isetyenziswe nezinye i-non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors: i-Edurant (rilpivirine), i-Intelence (etravirine), i-Rescriptor (delavirdine), okanye i-Viramune (i-nevirapine).
Isigulane esiphezulu sokusabela kwe-hypersensitivity kwiSustiva-kubandakanywa nesifo se-Stevens-Johnson ( jonga ngasentla ) okanye ukukhutshwa kancinci kwesikhumba-akufuneki ukuhlaziywa kunye nale nkunkuma okanye i-Atripla echanekileyo, inqanaba elichanekileyo lokudibanisa izidakamizwa ezibandakanya uSustiva.
I-Sustiva ayikwacetyiswa xa ilawulwa yi-hepatitis C (i-HCV) i-Victrelis (boceprevir) kunye ne-Olysio (simeprevir) ngenxa yokulahlekelwa yempembelelo yokuphulukiswa kwezi zivalo ezi-HCV ezimbini.
Ingqwalasela yonyango
Ukuxhaswa kuye kwadibaniswa nokungaqhelekanga kwe-fetal kwiinkalo zezifundo zezilwanyana. Nangona kusekho ukungqinelana malunga nokuba uSusva ubangele nayiphi na ingozi ebantwini, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uMastiva angagwenywa ngexesha lokukhulelwa, ngakumbi kwi-trimester yokuqala. Oomama banconywa ukuba bangabelisi ngethuba besethatha uSustiva.
Imithombo:
US Administration and Drug Administration (FDA). "Iiphakethe zeMvume yokuLawulwa kweMithi - iSustiva (efavirenz) 50mg, 100mg, 200mg capsules." Silver Spring, eMaryn; kukhutshwa ngoSeptemba 21, 1998.