Amaseli omzimba yinjongo ephambili yokusuleleka ngoGawulayo
Iiseli ze-T ziphantsi kweeseli ezimhlophe zegazi ezidlala indima ebalulekileyo kumzimba womzimba. I-CD4, ngokuchaseneyo, uhlobo lweprotheni olufunyenwe kumaseli athile omzimba afana neT-seli, macrophages kunye ne-monocytes.
I-CD4 T-cell zibhekwa njengeli "ncedisi" iiseli kuba aziwuthinteli iintsholongwane kodwa kunokubangela impendulo yomzimba kwiintsholongwane.
Ekuphenduleni, i-CD8 T-cell - ihlelwe njengolu hlobo ngenxa yohlobo lweprotheni ebusweni babo - idlala inxalenye "ibulala" iiseli ngokuvelisa izixhobo (iintsholongwane) ezikunceda ukulwa neentsholongwane kunye nabanye abahlaseli bamanye amazwe.
I-CD4 T-Cells Indima kwi-HIV Infection
Enye ye-conundrum ye-HIV yentsholongwane kukuba iiseli ezenzelwe ukuqala ukukhusela i-immune zifanayo ezijoliswe ekusuleleka nguGawulayo . Njenge-retrovirus, i-HIV ifuna ukuthelela ii-cell "host" ezithile ukuze zenze iikopi zodwa. Iiseli ze-CD4 ziinjongo eziphambili kule nkqubo ngexesha losulelo.
Ngethuba lokusuleleka, i-HIV ifakela kula maseli ancedisayo, ukukhupha izixhobo zayo zofuzo ngaphakathi ukuze i-coding ye-genetic coding ishintshwe ukuze ivelise ezinye i-HIV virions. Ngokwenza njalo, i-CD4 cell host is killed, kwaye amandla ayo okubangela ukukhusela ngokukhusela umzimba kukunciphisa ngokuthe ngcembe kwinqanaba elinjengokushiya umzimba uvuleleke kwizifo ezichaphazelekayo .
Iintshukumo ze-HIV zinjalo ukuba i-CD8 T-cell ibulala i-CD8 i-cell cell eyeyimpumputhe kwaye iyakwazi ukujamelana nokukhula kwabantu abane-HIV (njengoko kulinganiswa nomthwalo wentsholongwane ). Ukuba ishiywe ingakhange ilandelwe, isistim somzimba siya kuthi, kuzo zonke iimeko ezingabonakaliyo, ziwa phantsi ngokupheleleyo (okanye zidibaniswe).
Iindidi ze-CD4 T-cells
Ngokuqhelekileyo kunokuba sithatha ukucinga ngee-CD4 T-seli njengelinye uhlobo lweseli. Enyanisweni, bekukuphela kwee-1980 ukuba isazi senzululwazi saqala ukuchonga iifomferensi ezahlukeneyo ngemisebenzi eyahlukileyo. Eminye ibalulekile ekusebenzeni okubizwa ngokuba yi- macrophage kunye neeseli ze- dendritic ngexesha losulelo lokuqala, ngelixa ezinye zijongene nezikhuselo zokuzivikela xa zijongene nazo, ngokwazo, ziziphilo eziphilayo, ii-bacteria, okanye ii-virus.
Ezi ziquka ii-subtypes ezibizwa ngokuba ngu-T-helper 1, u-T-helper 2, u-T-helper 9, uT-helper 17, i-T-cell elawulayo, kunye ne-follicular t-cell cell, nganye leyo efihla iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezinto ezincedisayo ukuze incedise i-virus.
Silinganisa njani i-CD4 T-Cells (kwaye Kutheni)?
Ngokuqaphela ukuba zininzi iindlela zee-CD4 zeeseli ezijikelezayo egazini, ugqirha unokumisela isimo se-immune system. Uvavanyo lwegazi olulula olubizwa ngokuba yi- CD4 count liqikelela inani lokusebenza kweeseli ze-CD4 kwi-cubic millimeter yegazi. Ukuphakama kwe-CD4 count, ngakumbi amandla omzimba.
Kumntu omdala onempilo, inani eliqhelekileyo le-CD4 liyakwazi ukuhluka ngokubanzi (ngamanani, iqela leminyaka, njl.) Kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo ijikeleze i-500 ukuya kwi-1500 iseli nganye nge-cubic millimeter yegazi (mL). Xa liwela ngaphantsi kwe-200, nangona kunjalo, ngoko isifo sifakwa njenge-AIDS (i-immune deficiency syndrome).
Kulo xesha ngelixa izifo ezithintekayo ezinokuthi zenzeke ukuba zenzeke njengokuba amasosha omzimba aphethwe ngempumelelo ngentsholongwane.
Ngaphambi kowe-2016, izibalo ze-CD4 zazisetyenziswe njengendlela ekuchongiweyo ukuba uqalise nini unyango lwe-antiretroviral (ART) . Kodwa kwiminyaka yakutshanje indima ishintshiswe njengamagunya ehlabathi ngoku ngokuvuma ukuqaliswa kwe- HIV unyango kwi-diagnostic (kunokuba ulinde de kube inani le-CD4 lihla ngaphantsi kweeseli ezili-500 / mL, njengokuba bekukho isikhokelo sangaphambili).
Inani le-CD4 lisetyenziselwa ukubeka esweni impendulo yomntu kunyango, kunye nokuqaliswa kwangaphambili kwe-ART ngokubanzi okunako ukubuyisela umzimba womntu.
Ngokwahlukileyo, abantu abaqala ii-ART kwiibalo eziphantsi kakhulu ze-CD4 (ngaphantsi kweelitha ezili-100 / mL) bahlala bebunzima kakhulu ixesha lokubuyisela izibalo zabo ze-CD4 kumazinga aqhelekileyo, ingakumbi emva kokugula okukhulu.
Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukuba uhlolwe njengokuba kukho izikhokelo ze-US zamanje kwaye ufune unyango ngokukhawuleza xa uhlolwe ngentsholongwane kaGawulayo. Ukuba unyango luqaliswa ngokukhawuleza, abantu abaphila ne-HIV banethuba elihle kakhulu lokuphila ubomi obuqhelekileyo kunye nobomi obuphilileyo .
Imithombo:
> IiNational Institutes of Health (NIH). "Ukuqala unyango lwe-antiretroviral kuqala kuphucula iziphumo zabantu abane-HIV." EBethesda, eMaryn; kukhutshwa ngoMeyi 27, 2015.
> Seng, R .; Goujard, C .; Krastinova, E .; okqhubekayo. "Impembelelo yokukhula kwe-HIV yentsholongwane ye-HIV kwirejista ye-CD4 + kunye ne-CD4 + / CD8 + phakathi kwezigulane kwi-antiretroviral therapy." AIDS . NgoJanuwari 13, 2015; papashwe ngaphambi kokuprinta; INGXELO: 10.1097.
> Zhu, J., noPaul, W. "Iiseli ze-CD4 ze-T: iintlawulo, imisebenzi kunye neziphene." Igazi. 2008: 112: 1557-1569.
> Luckheeram, R .; Zhou, R .; I-Verma, A .; okqhubekayo. "Ii-CD4 + T Iiseli: Ukwahlukana kunye neMisebenzi." I-Clinic neNtuthuko ye-Immunology. 2012: 2012 (925135); INGXELO 10.1155 / 2012/925135.