I-Monocytes Yenza imisebenzi ye-Immune System
I-Monocyte zihlobo lwegazi elimhlophe. Njengamanye amaseli egazi ezimhlophe, i-monocytes ibalulekile kumandla omzimba omzimba wokubhubhisa abahlaseli, kodwa ukulungiselela ukuphilisa nokulungisa. Iimonocytes zenziwe emnzini wethambo kwaye zikhutshelwe egazini legazi, apho zijikeleza iintsuku eziliqela. Ziquka malunga ne-5-10 ekhulwini yeeseli zegazi ezimhlophe ezijikelezayo.
I-Monocytes mhlawumbi iyaziwa kakhulu ngokuba indima yabo ekusebenzeni njengento efana nokugcina imikhosi emkhosini. Ezinye zazo zingabizwa ukuba zifunekayo, ukuba zenze i-precursor yezinye ezimbini iintlobo zeeseli zegazi ezimhlophe: ii- macrophage kunye nama- dendritic . Kodwa i-monocytes ineminye imisebenzi kwiintsholongwane kunye nezifo, ezinye zazo ezingenanto enxulumene nama-macrophages kunye nama-dendritic.
Yintoni i-Monocytes enempilo eyenziwa kwiQumrhu?
Kuze kube kutshanje, indima ephambili ye-monocytes yayicingelwa ukuba iyayiqonda imeko yendalo kwaye izalise i-pool macrophages kunye neeseli zedendritic, njengoko kuyimfuneko.
Ngoku kuyaziwa ukuba iissetyenzisi ezahlukeneyo ze-monocytes zineempawu ezahlukileyo, okanye iimpawu zeprotheyini ngaphandle, kwaye ezi ngqamana nazo zingaziphatha ngendlela eyahlukileyo. Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ezintathu ze-monocytes zabantu zichazwe ngoku:
- I-monocyte ye-Classical account malunga nama-80 ekhulwini we-monocyte yabantu.
- Iipesenti ezingama-20 eziseleyo zingabalwa ngamacandelo eeprotheyini zazo
- i-monocytes engekho yamacandelo kunye
- monocytes ephakathi.
Xa kuziwa kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-monocytes kunye nendlela esebenza ngayo kwisistim somzimba, abaphandi basebenzisayo iinkcukacha, kwaye ezininzi ziyaziwa ngoku malunga ne-monocyte ye-mouse kunezi-monocytes zabantu.
Amagama athi "ukuvuvukala" kunye "nokuchasana" abuye asetyenziswe ukuchaza i-monocytes yabantu, ngokusekelwe kwiithegi ezithile zeprotheni, okanye i-receptors, ezifunyenwe ngaphandle kwala maseli. Akunakwenzeka koko kubantu, nangona kunjalo, yiyiphi i-monocytes ehambayo ehambayo ngokwaneleyo yokungena kunye nokuphuma kwimizimba, kwaye ubungqina bubonisa ukuba kukho iindidi ze-monocytes ezinokuthi zitshise kwaye zitshise, okanye zenze i-phagocytize, abahlaseli kodwa ngaphandle kokukhuthaza ukuvuvukala.
Kwiseli
Inani elithile le-monocytes labantu likholelwa ukuba lifudukela kwiiscuphe kuwo wonke umzimba wakho apho ihlala khona okanye ivelise i-macrophages eyenza imisebenzi ebalulekileyo yokulwa nesifo kwaye ihlambulule iiseli ezifile. I-spleen inezo zonke iintlobo ezinkulu ze "mononuclear phagocytes," kuquka i-macrophages, iiseli ze-dendritic kunye ne-monocytes. Ngale ndlela, ipenethi ingaba yindawo esebenzayo ye -immune system system .
Inomsolo ongenawo
Ukukhubazeka okungenasifo kukubhekiselele ekukhuselweni kwakho ozalelwe kunye naye, kungekhona ukukhuselwa kwamagciwane okujoliswe kuwo, unokuthi, isitofu sokugonywa okanye emva kokubuyisela kwisifo esithathelwanayo. I-immune system isebenze ngokusebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo, kuquka i-phagocytosis kunye nokuvuvukala. I-Macrophages inokubandakanya kwi-phagocytosis, inkqubo eyenziwa ngayo kunye nokutshabalalisa i-debris kunye nabahlaseli.
Bangakwazi "ukuhlala phantsi" nayiphi na ubudala, balumkise iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ngale ndlela. I-Macrophages kwipeni inceda ngokucoca igazi leemfucuza kunye namaseli endala, kodwa nazo zinokunceda i-T-lymphocyte ziyabona abahlaseli bamanye amazwe. Xa oko kwenzeka, kuthiwa yi-antigen. Inxalenye yokugqibela, intshayelelo ye-antigen, apho i-immune system iphela kwaye apho ifunyenwe khona okanye ifunde ukuphendula komzimba kumntu ongeyena mhlasela.
I-Monocytes Inceda Ukulwa Neengxaki Ngeendlela Ezihlukeneyo
Ukusuka ngasentla, siyazi ukuba ezinye i-monocytes ziguqulwa zibe yi- macrophages kwizicubu ezinjenge-Pac-Man, zixubha iibhaktheriya, ii-virus, i-debris, kunye nawaphi na amaseli anentsholongwane okanye abagulayo.
Xa kuthelekiswa ne-infantry immune, i-T-cell, ii-macrophages zifumaneka ngokukhawuleza ukuqonda nokuhlasela isongelo esitsha. Basenokuhlala behlala kwiindawo zabo eziqhelekileyo zokuthandayo, okanye banokufudukela kweso siza sokuvuvukala apho kunokufuneka khona ukulwa nesifo.
Ezinye i-monocytes ziguqulwa zibe ngama- dendritic cells kwiifom, apho zisebenza ne-T lymphocytes. I-Macrophages ingabonisa ama-antigens kuma-T-seli, kodwa iiseli ezidongayo zithathwa njengeengcali xa zifika kulo msebenzi.
Baqokelela i-debris ekuhlahleni kweebhaktheriya, ii-virus kunye nezinye izinto ezivela ngaphandle kwaye zinikela kwiiseli ze-T ukuze zibone kwaye zenze iimpendulo zomzimba kubasweli. Njengama macrophages, iiseli zendlala ziyakwazi ukubonisa ama-antigens kwii-T cells kwiimeko ezithile, njengokuthi ukuba, "Hamba ukhangela oku, ucinga ukuba sifanele senze okungakumbi ngale nto?"
IiMonocytes kwiZifo zoLuntu
Xa uvavanyo lwegazi lweCBC lwenziwa ngenani lokuhlukana, i-white monocytes yamaseli ezimhlophe ibalwa kwaye inani libikwe, kunye neyiphi ipesenti yeeseli zegazi elimhlophe zi-monocytes.
- Ukwanda kwe-monocytes kunokubangelwa sisifo ngenxa ye-bhakteria, i-fungus, okanye intsholongwane. Ingaba yindlela yokuphendula uxinzelelo. Kwezinye iimeko, inani eliphakamileyo le-monocyte lingabangelwa yinkinga ngendlela umzimba wakho wenza ngayo amatsha eeseli zegazi, kwaye kwezinye iimeko, ukugqithisa kungenxa yokugula, njengezinye iintlobo ze-leukemia.
- Amanqanaba aphantsi a-monocytes angabonwa emva kwe- chemotherapy , ngokuqhelekileyo ngenxa yokuba inani lakho le-white white cell count count.
Kubantu, i-monocytes ifakwe kwiintlobo zezifo kuquka ukusuleleka kwe-microbial, ukutshatyalaliswa kunye nokulimala kwegciwane elikhulayo, i-osteoporosis, izifo zentliziyo, izifo zesifo, kunye nezifo ezizimele. Nangona kunjalo, kwenzeka njani ukuba iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-monocytes ziziphatha kwizifo ezahlukahlukeneyo zoluntu zisengommandla wophando osebenzayo.
Monocyte eListeria
UListeria monocytogenes yintlobo yeebhaktheriya ezinokubangela i-listeriosis, ukugula okugqithisileyo kokutya. I-Listeria isilumkiso sinye yezihlandlo ezininzi ezinikezwa ngexesha lokukhulelwa, kuba i-listeria ingabangela i-meningitis kwiintsana; Oomama abakhulelweyo badla ngokucetyiswa ukuba bangadli i-cheeses ezithambileyo, ezinokubamba i-listeria.
Kuye kwavela ukuba i-monocytes inokukunceda ukulwa nokusuleleka, kodwa ingaba "ngamahhashi eTrojan," ngokuhambisa iibhaktheriya kwingqondo, kwaye oko kukuxhalabisa nge-listeria. I-listeria ingena ngaphakathi kwi-monocytes, kodwa ke i-monocytes ayikwazi ukubulala ibhaktheriya kwaye iphinda iyenze.
I-Monocytes kwi-Leukemia
Umgca weeseli ezinika i-monocytes ziyakwazi ukuphazamiseka kwaye zandiswe ngaphandle kolawulo. I-acute leukemia ye-monocytic, okanye "i-FAB subtype M5" isebenzise enye inkqubo yohlulo, enye yeefom ye -leukemia engumlonyeni . Kwi-M5, ngaphezulu kwama-80 ekhulwini weeseli eziphazamisekileyo zi-monocytes.
Kwi-long-term myelomonocytic leukemia, okanye i-CMML, kukho inani elongezelelweyo le-monocytes kunye neeseli zegazi ezingapheliyo emlonyeni wethambo kwaye zijikeleza egazini. I-CMML inezixhobo zeengxaki ezimbini zegazi ezahlukeneyo, ngoko ke zihlulwe ngokweenkqubo ze-World Health Organisation njengendlela yentlangano: i- myelodysplastic syndrome / i-myeloproliferative neoplasm , okanye i-MDS / MPN. Iyakwazi ukuqhubela phambili kwi-leukemia ye-myeloid engama-15-30 ekhulwini kwezigulane.
I-Monocytes kwiLymphoma nakwezinye iCancer
Abaphandi bafumanisa ukuba i-monocytes ingaba nezenzo ezingathandekiyo malunga nezicubu kunye neziphathamandla zomdlavuza zentsapho yegazi lymphocyte-elimhlophe (ezi zifo ziyaziwa ngokuba zizifo ze-lymphoproliferative).
Ubukho be-macrophages kunye nemisebenzi yabo kwiimvumi zidibaniswe nokuvumela iiseli zesisu ukuba zenze igazi kunye nokuhlaselwa kwaye zihambe ngegazi. Kwixesha elizayo, oku kufumaneka kukukhokelela kwiprogram ejolise kwi-macrophages ukukhusela i-metastasis kunye nokukhula kwe-tumor.
Ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zezifo, ezinye iiklinikhi ziqala ukusebenzisa i-monocyte count count njengalathisi lomngcipheko, okanye ukuhlaselwa kwangaphambili ngaphambi kokuba unyango. Inani elongeziweyo le-monocytes ngaphezu komda othile lidibene nomphumo osweleyo kwizigulane ezineT-cell lymphomas kunye nesifo seHodgkin . Umlinganiselo we-lymphocyte-monocyte unokunceda ukunceda izigulane ezinobungozi obuphezulu kwi-B-cell lymphoma enkulu kunye nomhlaza ongasetshenziswanga mhlaza.
Imithombo:
I-Tadmor T (2013) I-Monocytes, i-Monocytic Myeloid ikhutshelwe iiselithi kunye ne-Lymphoma: njani i-Knot ye-Tie? J Leuk (Los Angeles) 1: e103.
Eigenbrod T, Dalpke AH. J Immunol. I-RNA yeBhakter: I-Stimulus engaxhaswanga kwiimpendulo ze-Immune Immune. 2015; 195 (2): 411-8.
Gui-Nan Lin, kunye. al. Ukubaluleka kwesibonakaliso somlinganiselo we-pre-chemotherapy lymphocyte-to-monocyte kwizigulane ezinomdlavuza ongasaphathwa ngandlela-thile ufumana i-FOLFOX chemotherapy . " IJ Cancer . 2016 Dec; 35: 5.