I-leukemia kunye ne-lymphoma zombini iisondo zegazi ezibandakanya iiseli zegazi ezimhlophe. Kanti ngamanye amaxesha kuthiwa "izilonda zamanzi" okanye i-khancer liquids, ukuwahlula kunye neengqungquthela eziqhelekileyo ezenza izicubu ezinzulu, ezifana nomhlaza wekoloni okanye umdlavuza webele.
Ngokubambisana, i-leukemia kunye ne-lymphoma akhawunti ngenxa yesininzi segazi. I-Myeloma, ebizwa nangokuthi i-myeloma yam, iyona hlobo lwesithathu oluphambili lomdlavuza wegazi, kwaye ixabisa malunga neepesenti ezili-15 zamatyala.
Iimpawu zeLukemia kunye neLymphoma
Iimpawu ze-leukemia kunye ne-lymphoma zingabalulekanga. Kukho izibonakaliso ezingacacanga ezifana nokukhathala okanye imfiva engachazi ekuqaleni. Okanye, ukubonakaliswa kwamagqabantshintshi omhlaza wesifo somhlaza wegazi, kunokwenzeka, oku kungaquka i-lymph nodes evuyiweyo ebonakalayo kwi-lymphoma; okanye ukutyumla okungavamile, ukuphuma kwegazi, okanye intlungu ebonakalayo kwezinye iintlobo ze-leukemia; kunye neempawu eziqhelekileyo ezifana nokuziva ukhathele kakhulu, ubuthathaka, ukulahleka kwesisindo, ukuzaliswa kwesisu, isifo somkhuhlane kunye nobusuku busuku. Amanqaku amaninzi kummeli ngalunye achazwe apha ngezantsi:
Leukemia
- uziva ubuthathaka, udiniwe okanye ukhululekile
- ukusulelwa rhoqo
- iifestile ezingachazwanga
- ukutyumla okanye ukungcola
- intlungu yesifo kunye nentlungu
Lymphoma
- i-lymph nodes
- umkhuhlane
- ukujuluka ngokugqithiseleyo, ngokuhlwa ebusuku
- ukulahleka kwesisindo esingachazwanga
- ukhathala okungavamile
- ukukhathazeka kwesisu nokugcwala xa udla, ngenxa yengubo ekhulisiweyo
Nangona kunjalo, akukho i-leukemia okanye i-lymphoma ngokuqhelekileyo ifunyaniswe ukuba isekelwe kwiimpawu zodwa.
Ukuxilongwa kwe-Leukemia kunye neLymphoma
Uvavanyo lweebhanki ezingavumelekanga kunye nezifundo zengcamango, ezithathwe kunye neempawu, zinokubonisa ukuba kungenzeka ukuba i-leukemia okanye i-lymphoma, kodwa i-diagnostic yokuqala ifuna ukufumana isampuli yovavanyo.
Iisampula zegazi kunye ne-biopsies-ukusuka kwi- lymph nodes kunye nomnatha wethambo kunye nakwezinye iziza-zithathwa kwaye zithunyelwa ukuhlaziywa kweebhoratri ezinikezelweyo. Ezi zilingo azisigxina okanye ziqinisekise ukuxilongwa, kodwa zingasetyenziselwa ukuchonga uhlobo oluthile lwe-leukemia okanye i-lymphoma. Olu luhlu oluthile lokuthayipha kunye nokuhlengahlengiswa kwenkqubo yokwenza unyango kwaye lunceda ukulolonga ukuxela.
Izinto Eziphezulu Ukuba Ukwazi Nge-Leukemia kunye neLymphoma
Yintoni eyahlukileyo phakathi kwe-leukemia neLymphoma?
Enye imvelaphi ebalulekileyo enokuthi yintoni na eyenziwa yimizimba yomzimba. Ngokomlando, iidlingozi zegazi zachazwa njenge-leukemi xa ubuninzi besifo befunyanwa egazini; okanye i-lymphomas ukuba ubuninzi besi sifo sise-lymph nodes; okanye i-myelomas ukuba ubuninzi besi sifo sasisezintanjeni.
Uninzi lwe-lymphomas luqala kwii-lymph node, ngelixa i-leukemi icingelwa ukuba iqale kwisinye se-stem cell esingaqhelekanga ngaphakathi komnatha wethambo ongayeki ukwahlula xa i-cell stem cell iyaqhelekileyo.
Ngokubanzi, kukho iimeko ezininzi ze-lymphoma kune-leukemia ezixilongwa rhoqo ngonyaka, kunye nama-81,000 amatyala e-lymphoma kunye nama-60,000 amatyala e-leukemia amasha.
Kukho ezinye iintlukwano ezibalulekileyo phakathi kwe-leukemia kunye ne-lymphoma, njengeentlobo zeeseli, ezifuna ukuthungwa ngokujulile kwintsimi enemimandla ecacileyo ukuze uchaze ngokufanelekileyo.
Ngubani Ofumana I-Leukemia neLymphoma?
Bobabini abadala kunye nabantwana banokuphuhlisa i-leukemia okanye i-lymphoma. Phakathi kweentsana nabantwana, nangona kunjalo, i-leukemia yinto eqhele kakhulu kune-lymphoma. Enyanisweni, i-leukemia yiyona nto ixhaphakileyo ebuntwaneni.
Iqela eliqhelekileyo lama-lymphomas , i- lymphomas engeyona i-Hodgkin, inokuthi yenzeke kunanoma yiphi ubudala, kodwa malunga nama-50 ekhulwini amatyala ayenzeka kubantu abadala kuneminyaka engama-66 ubudala.
Amaqela eminyaka echaphazelekayo kunye nemingcipheko ixhomekeka kuxhomekeke kumhlobo okanye kwi-subtype yomdlavuza wegazi. Ngamanye amaxesha lezi zintlobo zitshintsha ngeentsholongwane zeentlobo, ubuhlanga kunye nejografi. Ngokomzekelo, amanani omhlaza omnye angahluka, kuxhomekeka ukuba uthetha ngeNtshona Yurophu okanye kwiChina.
Yiyiphi iPrognosis?
Emva kokuba uwazi uhlobo oluthile lwe-leukemia okanye i-lymphoma, yonke imibuzo malunga nokunyanga okukhoyo kunye nokuhlaselwa ngokugqithiseleyo kuhlolisiswe kakuhle kwikhonsathi kunye nogqirha wakho-kwaye xa kuziwa ekuchaseni, kubalulekile ukuba ukhumbule ukuba abantu abayizibalo. Kwabanye abantu abane-leyemia efanayo okanye i-lymphoma bangaba neziphumo ezahlukileyo.
Ukongezelela, idatha yokusinda inokukwazi ukudukisa-umzekelo, xa unyango olungcono luye lwavela ukususela ngexesha lokuhlalutya kodwa alubonakalwanga kwinani lokuphila. Kwakhona, unokufumana i-statistic yokuphila ekhethekileyo yoluhlobo lwakho lymphoma okanye i-leukemia kodwa alusebenzi kuwe, kuba idatha ichithwe kuphela kwizigaba ezithile zomhlaza, izigulane ezithile zonyango, okanye iminyaka ethile yokuxilongwa, njl njl.
Ngokubanzi, unyango lunokwenzeka kwezinye iindidi, kodwa kungekhona kwabanye. Kwakhona, ngokubanzi, kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza wesifo, amaxesha okuphila aphucule kakhulu ukususela ngo-1960. Kwezinye iidlingozi zegazi, abantu banokuhlala nesifo sabo iminyaka engama-20 okanye ngaphezulu; kwabanye, ixesha lokusinda lilinganiselwa kwixesha lokuxilongwa kwiinyanga, iminyaka okanye ngokunyuka kweminyaka emihlanu.
Yintoni ebangela i-Leukemia neLymphoma?
Kwiimeko ezininzi, isizathu esicacileyo se-leukemia okanye i-lymphoma akaziwa. Nangona kunjalo, izazinzulu ziye zenza iziphumo ezibalulekileyo malunga ne-genetics yomhlaza kunye neendima ezithile zentsholongwane ekuphuhlisweni kwezi kliniki. Izinto ezinobungozi ezifana nobudala, imbali yentsapho, izifo ezithile, ukuchazwa kwezidalwa ezibangelwa ngumhlaza, kunye nokukhanya kwemitha kuye kwafundwa, kodwa nangona unomngcipheko kwaye emva koko uhlakulele i-leukemia okanye i-lymphoma, kwiimeko ezininzi kunzima ukuthetha ngokuqinisekileyo nokuba loo mngcipheko wanikezele okanye wabangela isifo sakho.
Iintlobo eziphambili zeLukemia kunye neLymphoma
Lymphoma
Ukuba ufunda malunga ne-leukemia kunye ne-lymphoma kwaye ubona "iHodgkin" okanye "engekho iHodgkin's," kukubheja ngokukhuselekileyo ukuba isihloko esisekhona sisifo se-lymphoma, kungekhona i-leukemia. Kungenxa yokuba ezi ziinkalo ezibini ze-lymphoma:
- IHodgkin lymphoma (HL)
- I-Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL).
Isifo sikaHodgkin kunye ne-Hodgkin's lymphoma ibhekisela kwinto enye-ihlala i-lymphoma, kwaye kwenzeka ukuba i-lymphoma edla ukunyanga. Kwaye uza kubona ukuchonga okungafaniyo-okanye ngaphandle kwe-apostrophe-kodwa isifo esifanayo. Kukho iindawo ezimbalwa zeHodgkin lymphoma; ngelixa engekho iHodgkin lymphoma, uludwe lweentlobo lide kakhulu.
Leukemia
I-leukemia ngokubanzi ihlelwa kwiintlobo ezine eziphambili. Kwiintlobo eziphambili, kukho kwakhona iissetyenzisi. Iintlobo eziphambili zilandelayo:
- i-leukemia engapheliyo (i-CML)
- i-leukemia (i-AML)
- i-lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) engapheliyo
- i-lymphocytic leukemia (YONKE)
Iimpawu ze-leukemia zibonisa ukuba umhlaza uthathwa njenge - leukemia ephazamisayo okanye engapheliyo ngale ndlela:
- I-leukemia eqhelekileyo iqhubela phambili ngokukhawuleza ngaphandle kwonyango.
- I-leukemia engapheliyo iyaqhubeka ihamba ngokukhawuleza, kodwa ingaguquka ibe yi-leukemia enobudlova.
I-leukemia ibizwa nangokuthi i- lymphoid okanye imyeloid , kuxhomekeke kwiyiphi iindidi eziqhelekileyo zeeseli ezenza igazi emnzini wethambo zaba ngumhlaza. Ngamanye amaxesha ukusetyenziswa kweMyeloid kunye ne-myelogenous kusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo; i-lymphoid, i-lymphoblastic, kunye ne-lymphocytic zisetyenziselwa ukubhekisela kwisifo esifanayo.
Izinto Eziphezulu Ukuba Ukwazi Ngokwe-Leukemia
I-leukemi yile khansela yeeseli ezenza igazi kunye nezicubu eziqala emnzini wethambo. Uhlobo lwe-leukemia luxhomekeka ngokuthe ngqo kwindlela yokwenza igazi eyenziwe yileli apho i-leukemia iqhutywe khona-i-lymphoid okanye i-syeloid cells-kunye nokuba ingaba iyingozi okanye ingapheliyo. I-leukemia yengane idlalwa ngamanye amaxesha ngokwahlukileyo kwi-leukemia yabantu abadala ngenxa yokuhanjiswa kwayo kweentlobo ze-leukemia kunye nempembelelo yekliniki.
Amaseli e-leukemia emnxeni wethambo avelisa amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi, ngamanye amaxesha anenani eliphezulu lamaseli amhlophe okanye angasebenzi kakuhle kwigazi elijikelezayo.
Iimpawu zeLukemia
Iimpawu ze-leukemia zisoloko zingezizo, zithetha ukuba zinokuba ngenxa yezinto ezahlukeneyo. Iintlobo eziqhelekileyo ze-leukemia zingavelisa iimpawu ezilumkiso , eziquka ukuphuma kwegazi okanye ukutyumla, intlungu kunye nentlungu ehlangeneyo, umkhuhlane, ukukhupha ebusuku, ukunyuka, isikhumba esiluhlaza, ukulahleka kwesisindo kunye nezinye iimpawu, kubandakanywa i-lymph nodes, i-spleen, nesibindi. Umntu unokufumana i-leukemia ngaphandle kokuba nayo yonke le mpawu, kwaye ezinye zazo zinokuxhomekeke kwindlela ininzi yomnyoba wethambo oye wathatyathwa ngamaseli e-leukemia.
Iintlobo zeeukemia kunye nezibalo
- YONKE ingumdla wesiqhelo kubantwana.
- I-CLL yileyemia eqhelekileyo kubantu abadala eMelika.
- I-AML yindlela eqhelekileyo ye-leukemia ephezulu kubantu abadala.
- I-CML yi-leukemia exhaphake kakhulu into ebizwa ngokuba yi-Philadelphia chromosome, eneengaphezu kwe-90 ekhulwini zegulane ze-CML ezine-genetic rearrangement.
- I-leukemia ngumdla wesifo sobuntwaneni obuqhelekileyo, kubalwa malunga nesithathu kwisifo se-cancer yonke yabantwana, kwaye phantse yonke inkunkuma yengqondo yintsholongwane yabantwana.
I-Leukemia Survival Rates
- Amazinga okusinda ahlukahluka kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-leukemia kwaye inokuba ngumngeni ukutolika, nangona uyazi ukuba uluphi uhlobo lwe-leukemia onayo. Imibuzo malunga nokugqithiswa komntu ifumaneka kakuhle kwikhonsathi kunye nogqirha, ngubani onokulungelelanisa ulwazi ngoluntu.
- Ngokubanzi, izinga lokusinda-jikelele, kuzo zonke iintlobo ze-leukemia, ezidibeneyo-ziphucule kakhulu ukususela ngo-1960; nangona kunjalo, amaxabiso omntu ngamnye asasazeka ngokubanzi kwaye kuxhomekeka kwiintlobo ezithile ze-leukemia, i-subtypes, i-genetics yamaseli omhlaza, kunye nezinye izifo zesigulane.
Izinto Eziphezulu Ukukwazi NgeLymphoma
I-Lymphoma yintlungu echaphazela iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, njengokuba i-leukemia; kodwa kwimeko ye-lymphoma, iiseli zomhlaza zivela kwintsapho ye-lymphocyte yamaseli amhlophe egazi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-lymphocyte enempilo ingena kunye nokuphuma kwimizimba ye-lymph nodes, kwaye inxalenye yeqela le-cell cell immune elikunceda ukulwa nesifo. Xa i-lymphoma ikhula, amangqamuzana e-lymphoma angakha kwii-lymph nodes, umnatha wethambo, i-spleen kunye nezinye iindawo zomzimba. Nangona i-lymphomas iqala kwii-lymph nodes, zinokuvela naphi na.
Iimpawu zeLymphoma
Njenge-leukemia, i-lymphoma ingenayo impawu ekuqaleni. Kwezinye iimeko, iimpawu zokulumkisa ze-lymphoma zivelele kwaye zingabandakanya ukuvuvukala kwe-lymph node, ukulahleka kwesisindo, umkhuhlane , ukujuluka ngokugqithiseleyo ebusuku, ukungcola phezu komzimba wonke, ukulahleka kwesidlo, ubuthathaka, kunye nokuthefumla. Xa kukho izibonakaliso kunye neempawu, eziqhelekileyo zinokukhulisa i- lymph node , ezinokuthi zivezwe njengeziqhumane entanyeni, emagqabini, okanye e-groin. Ngamanye amaxesha i-lymph node eyandisiweyo yodwa isifo se-lymphoma, ekuqaleni.
Iintlobo zeLymphoma kunye nezibalo
Iindidi ezibalulekileyo ze-lymphoma zi-HL ne-NHL. Okuqhelekileyo kwezi zimbini yi-NHL , elandisa malunga neepesenti ezingama-90 zazo zonke iimeko ze-lymphoma.
- Iintlobo eziqhelekileyo ze-NHL zisabalalisa i-cell cell enkulu ye-Lymphoma (DLBCL), ilandelwa lymphoma ye-follicular (FL).
- Kwi-HL, uhlobo oluqhelekileyo kumazwe athuthukile lubizwa ngokuba yi-nodular sclerosing HL, kwaye li-akhawunti engama-60 ukuya kuma-80 ekhulwini lamatyala e-HL.
Ukwahlukana phakathi kweHodgkin kunye ne-Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
- I-HL yayiyi-lymphoma yokuqala eya kufunyanwa kwaye iyincinci encinci, ehlukeneyo ye-lymphomas ngokuthelekiswa ne-non-Hodgkin lymphoma. I-NHL ngokuyinhloko ifaka uluhlu lwazo zonke i-lymphomas ezifunyenwe ukususela ngo-HL, ukuya kutsho.
- I-Hodgkin i-lymphomas iyakwazi ukuphakama kwisahlulo esiphezulu somzimba, kwi-lymph nodes entanyeni, ngaphantsi kwesifuba okanye esifubeni. I-NHL inokuvela kuma-lymph nodes kuwo wonke umzimba.
- I-staging staging yinkqubo yokufumanisa ukuba umhlaza unjani emzimbeni kwaye apho ukhona khona, kwaye le sigaba sinegalelo ekuthatheni isigqibo sonyango olungcono. Ukuxhaswa kwe-HL kunye ne-NHL kuhlukile .
- Ukunikezelwa kweminyaka ye-HL kunye ne-NHL eyahlukileyo kwaye ingaba yinto ephoqayo: I-HL ivela kumaqela angama-2 aphezulu-enye kuma-80s, enye enye kuma-20s. Ngoko, nangona i-HL yinto engaphantsi kwe-Lymphoma kune-NHL, abantu abadala abakhulileyo banokubonakala befumana ngaphezu kwesabelo sabo se-HL-kwaye ngenxa yeso sihlandlo sokuqala kwi-20s.
I-NHL enobudlova kunye neNHL
Inkcazo yeklinikhi ye-NHL iyahluka kakhulu kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-NHL, kwaye yinto engaphantsi. Ezinye i-NHL zikhula ngokukhawuleza, okanye i-indolent, ngokukhulisa i-lymph node evulekayo kwaye ihlale phantsi, iminyaka engaphezulu. Ezinye i-NHL zinobudlova, okubangelwa ukufa phakathi kweeveki ukuba zishiywa zingaphendulwa.
ILymphoma Survival Rates
Ukulumkisa okufanayo malunga neenkcukacha zokuphila kwi-leukemia zisebenza kwi-lymphoma.
Ngamanye amaxesha i-lymphomas eneendlela zokusinda ezahlukileyo zihlanganiswa kwaye zihlulwe, kunye nokuphila okudibeneyo kuxelwa. Ngokomzekelo, i-NHL inokuthi iphathwe ngokukodwa, kodwa imibutho isabika kwaye ilandelele imilinganiselo yokusukela iminyaka emihlanu yabantu abahlala kunye ne-NHL-yezo zonke iindidi ezidibeneyo-ezichazwe malunga nama-69 ekhulwini ngokubhekiselele kubantu abaxilongwe phakathi kuka-2002 no-2008 Ezi zibalo zinokuba luncedo kwimibutho kunye nakwiikomiti, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo aziboneleli ngandlela-thile kwindlela yolwazi oluncedo kwizigulane.
Ngokubanzi, i-HL ithathwa njengenye yeendlela ezinokuphulukiswa kwaye ezinokuphulukiswa zomhlaza xa zibanjwe kwiinqanaba zawo zokuqala, kwaye i-HL inokuphulukiswa nakwiimigangatho kamva. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iimeko ze-HL ezibuyela emva kokunyanga kunye / okanye kunzima ukunyanga. Ngaphakathi kwe-NHL, kukho iintlobo ezibhekwa njengento engadliyo okanye ikhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye iya phambili ngokukhawuleza ngaphandle kwonyango.
Ukuba Usandululwazi Ngokutsha Nge-Leukemia okanye Lymphoma
Kulabo bajongana ne-diagnostic entsha okanye yakutshanje i-leukemia okanye i-lymphoma, kuyaqhelekile ukuba uzive ukhululekile kwaye udidekile. Thatha olunye usuku ngexesha, kwaye uhlale ubuza imibuzo. Ngeenkomfa zesigulane, ukuxhaswa komdlavuza wegazi kunye namaqela okusinda, kunye nakumajelo asekuhlaleni, kukho amathuba amaninzi okudibanisa nabanye abanokuba namava afanayo. Zisebenzise ngamathuba okuxhuma kunye nokufunda kwabanye.
iinjongo zokufihla iziseko ze-leukemia kunye ne-lymphoma kwisiNgesi esilula. Xa kubandakanyeka, ukuhanjiswa kubandakanye uluhlu lweenkcukacha kunye nezonxibelelwano kwizinto ezintle kwenye indawo kwiWebhu ukuba uhlolisise wena. Ngokomzekelo, izibonelelo zesigulane kwi-National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) zenzelwe ukunceda izigulane zixoxa namagqirha abo malunga neendlela ezingcono zonyango zesifo sabo.
Ukuphila Ne-Leukemia okanye i-Lymphoma
Ukuxilonga kukuphela kohambo lomhlaza. Ngethuba kungekho mntu "owayengayibhalisa" ukuba abe nomhlaza, abaninzi abasindiswa ngumhlaza bathi imingeni kunye nemingeni, kunye nenani elikhulu lobungqina abalunyulayo imihla ngemihla, bonke bakhonze ukuguqula ubomi babo ngendlela efanelekileyo kwaye banikeze iingcamango ezinqabileyo ukuba abazange bacinge ngaphambili.
Ukususela kwizinto ozilindelwe unyango, iziphumo ezibi , ukunyamekela ngokomzwelo, ukujongana nokukhathala nokuphindaphinda umhlaza, okanye ukubhiyozela omnye unyaka wobomi bakho bhonasi, uhambo lomhlaza lunokuthi lube nemigangatho emininzi kwaye ihlawule, ngoko jonga kwakhona rhoqo kwisigaba ngasinye esitsha.
ILizwi
Ukuba wena okanye umntu obathandayo usandul 'ufumane ukuba une-leukemia okanye i-lymphoma, kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuziva ngathi uwedwa, okanye ukuba uhlakulele ikhanda ngeengcamango, ukudideka, kunye namaxesha athile, umsindo kunye noyiko.
Yiba neentliziyo ngenxa yokuba uyazi ukuba awodwa . Ukuqonda isifo sakho kunye nokuguqula ubomi emva kokuxilongwa kubini kubalulekile "ekunyameni kwelo lwanyana." I-cancer iyatshintsha ubomi, kodwa ihlala ikhona ithemba.
> Imithombo:
> I-American Cancer Society. I-Cancer Iinkcukacha kunye namanani. http://www.cancer.org/acs/groups/content/@editorial/documents/document/acspc-044552.pdf .
> Cheson BD, Fisher RI, Barrington SF et al. Iziphakamiso zokuvavanya kokuqala, ukuhlola nokuphendula iimpendulo zeHodgkin kunye ne-non-Hodgkin lymphoma: i-lugano. J Clin Oncol . 2014; 32 (27) 3059-3068.
> I-Leukemia & Lymphoma Society. http://www.lls.org/disease-nformation.
> Izikhokelo ze-NCCN zoLonyango lweCancer yiSayithi. https://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/f_guidelines.asp.