I-leukemia iqala emnxeni wethambo , apho kusetyenziswa iiseli zegazi ezimhlophe kwaye apho zonke iiseli ezenza igazi zihlala khona. Cinga ngomongo wethambo njengomzi womzimba wakho wokuvelisa zonke iiseli zegazi-amangqamuzana abomvu, iiseli ezimhlophe kunye neeplatelets ezenziwe ngama-clot.
Ukusebenzisa umzekelo wefowuni yemoto, unokuqala ngegobolondo yesiseko okanye isakhelo semoto ehamba ngokukhawuleza kumgca wendibano ekugqibeleni ube yintengiso entsha.
Ukuba abasebenzi abaphethe umsebenzi wokwenza imoto engundoqo, baya kuxhomekeka, kuxhomekeka kwindlela abaye bavelisa ngokugqithiseleyo ngayo, niya kuba neefowuni ezininzi zeemoto ezongezelelweyo, kwaye le miphumo inganciphisa ukuveliswa kwemveliso emitsha, eqokelelwe ngokupheleleyo. .
Kwi-leukemia, kukho i-cellprogramme yegazi elimhlophe elingaqhelekanga okanye "elinyanisiweyo" kwinqanaba eliphambili lokuphuhliswa-ngokuqhelekileyo lifana neefowuni zakho ezisisiseko zeemoto ezingazange zihlanganiswe ngokupheleleyo kwiimoto ezintsha. Ezi seli seli-leukemia zingenako ukwenza umsebenzi weeseli zegazi ezimhlophe, ezivuthiweyo. Ukongezelela, ubukho babo emnzini wethambo bunokukwazi ukuxhamla kunye nokuthintela iiseli eziqhelekileyo zegazi ukuze zidibanise ii-quotas zabo zokuvelisa. Bobabini ukuveliswa kwezi selimi ezingavumelekanga kunye nomphumo wokwanda kweethambo eziqhelekileyo zenza iimpawu kunye neempawu ze-leukemia.
Iintlobo zeLukemia
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini, okanye iindidi eziphambili, ezibizwa ngokuba yi-leukemia ekuthiwa yiyiphi i-leukemia ngokuqhelekileyo iziphatha ngokusemgangathweni komzimba, kwaye ingapheliyo.
Kukho iindidi ezimbini, okanye iindidi eziphambili, ze-leukemia ezisekelwe "yiyiphi inqamaniso yomgca" emangcwabeni amathambo othetha ngawo: Ngaba uyakha iJaguar okanye iLexus? Oko kukuthi, ngaba wenza iseli yegazi okanye i-lymphoblastic blood cell?
Iimpawu ezinzima, ezingasigxina, ezithandwayo kunye ne-lymphocytic / blastiki zisetyenzisiweyo kwaye zidibaniswe ukukunika ezine ezineentlobo ze-leukemia :
- I-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (YONKE)
- I-leukemia (i-AML)
- I-lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) engapheliyo
- I-leukemia engapheliyo ye-myelogenous (CML)
Ngoko, unokuthi kukho ezimbini iintlobo ezisisiseko ze-leukemia (I-ALL kunye ne-AML) kunye neentlobo ezimbini ezisisiseko ze-leukemia ezingapheliyo (CLL kunye ne-CML); okanye, ungatsho ukuba kukho ezimbini iintlobo ezisisiseko ze-leukemia ze-lymphoid (ZONKE kunye ne-CLL) kunye neentlobo ezimbini ezisisiseko ze-leukemias ze-myeloid (AML kunye ne-CML). Ecaciswe ngandlela-thile, ubuya kuchaneka.
Ubume bemiqondiso neMpawu
Kwiimeko ezininzi, iimpawu ezibangelwa yi-leukemia zingaba zibuqili. Okokuthi, ezinye zeempawu ezilumkiso ezizisa izigulane ezine-leukemia kwiinkcukacha zonyango ziquka ngokukhawuleza: ubuthathaka kunye nokukhathala; imfiva engachazi kunye nezifo; ukutyumla okungavamile okanye ukuphuma kwegazi (iimbazi eziphaphayo, iindawo ezibomvu ngaphantsi kwesikhumba, i-nosebleeds); ukuzaliswa kwisisu, intlungu emagqabini okanye emathambo; iimpawu ezibandakanya inkqubo yentsholongwane efana nekhanda, ukutshintsha okubonakalayo, isisongela / ukuhlanza; kwaye ngamanye amaxesha i-lymph node igcoba.
I-leukemia ayifumanekiyo isekelwe kwimpawu, yodwa. Uninzi lweempawu zihamba, okanye azibonakali ezithile kwizifo, ngelixa ezinye iimpawu zingabonakalisa isifo esinye okanye esinye.
Xa i-leukemia ephawulekayo ifunyaniswa, ngokuqhelekileyo kukho kakade inani elikhulu leetyukemia ezikhula ngokukhawuleza.
Iimpawu kunye neempawu kungenzeka ukuba zikhona kwiinyanga ezingaphantsi kweenyanga okanye nokuba ziintsuku nje ezimbalwa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-leukemia engapheliyo ikhula ngokuthe ngcembe kwaye ivelise iiseli ezivame ukusebenza ngokuqhelekileyo ekwenzeni imisebenzi yazo kuneeseli ezingapheliyo ze-leukemia. Ngaloo ndlela, iimpawu kunye neempawu ze-leukemia ezingapheliyo zingabikho ekuqaleni, okanye zingathatha iminyaka ukukhula. Enyanisweni, iimeko ezininzi ze-leukemia ezingapheli zifunyanwa ngethuba ngexesha lokuhlola.
Iimpawu ezininzi eziqhelekileyo
Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ze-leukemia azicacanga kwaye azixeli. Ngenxa yoko, abantu bathambekele ekuchazeni, besithi baziva behla kunye nento okanye baye baziva bebanjwe nge-rally.
Iimeko ze-leukemia ezinzima kwaye ezingapheliyo zingavelisa iimpawu zokuqala ezahlukileyo, nangona kunjalo. Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ze-leukemia (zombini ezinzima kunye ezingapheliyo, ezidibeneyo ziquka ezi zilandelayo:
- Ukuziva Ubuthathaka, Utyhefile, okanye Uvule ngokubanzi. Kwiimeko ezininzi, oku kubangelwa inani elinciphile leeseli ezibomvu zegazi kwigazi okanye i- anemia . Oku kukuthintela oksijini okwaneleyo ekuthuthweni kwiisisu kunye nezihlunu zakho, ukushiya umzimba wakho uzive ukhululekile kwaye unobuthakathaka.
- Izifo ezifayo rhoqo. Iiseli ze-leukemia zingenako ukukwazi ukunceda umzimba wakho ukulwa nesifo. Ngaphezu koko, i-leukemia inokuxhamla ezinye iiseli kwintolongo yethambo, ukuthintela umzimba ukuba uqinisekise ukunikezelwa okwaneleyo kweeseli zamhlophe zegazi. Ngenxa yoko, abantu abachaphazelekayo yi-leukemia baxhomekeke kakhulu ekuphuhliseni izifo. Iziza eziqhelekileyo zentsholongwane ziquka umlomo kunye nomqala, isikhumba, imiphunga, i-urinary tract okanye ibladder, okanye indawo ejikeleze i-anus.
- Imifutho engachazwanga . Kwezinye iimeko, iiseli ze-leukemia zingenza umzimba wakho ukhulule iikhemikhali ezikhuthaza ingqondo yakho ukuphakamisa ubushushu bomzimba wakho. Iifutha nazo zibangelwa sisifo.
- Ukugqithisa okungavumelekanga okanye ukuhlawula ngokweqile. Iiseli ze-leukemia ezibangela ukuxhala emnzini wethambo zivimbela ukuveliswa kweeseli ezibomvu zeeseli zegazi ezimhlophe kunye neeplatelet. Iiplatelet ziziqhekeza zeeseli ezidibanisa kunye nokuyeka okanye ukucotha ukukhawuleza xa ukulimala kwenzeka kwinqanawa yegazi. Xa kukho iiplatelets ezinganeleyo, ezibizwa ngokuba yi- thrombocytopenia , ukuphuma kwamanzi kungenzeka ngohlobo lweempumlo zamanzi, ukuphuma kwindoda enzima, ukuphuma kwegazi, izibhamu kunye neendawo ezibomvu phantsi kwesikhumba esibizwa ngokuba yi-petechiae.
- I-Bone and Joint Pain. Iintlungu kunye neentlungu eziqhelekileyo zixhaphake kakhulu kwiindawo apho kukho umthamo omkhulu wemathambo, njengentsimbi (isisu) okanye isifuba (sternum). Oku kubangelwa ukunyuka komnkantsha ngeenombolo ezigqithisileyo zeeseli zegazi ezimhlophe ezingavamile.
- Ukwandiswa kweLymph Nodes . Ngamanye amaxesha, iiseli ze-leukemia zingakwazi ukuqokelela kwi- lymph nodes kwaye zibangela ukuba zikhubeke kwaye zithethe.
- Ukuxhatshazwa kwesisu. Amaseli egazi amhlophe angavumelekanga anokuqokelela kwisibindi kunye ne-spleen eyenza isisu sakho sivule kwaye singakhathazeki. Olu hlobo lokuvuvukala lunokunciphisa ukutya kwakho, okanye kukuve uvelele ngokukhawuleza.
- Iintloko kunye nezinye izikhalazo ze-Neurological. Intloko kunye nezinye iimpawu ze-neurologic ezifana ne-seizures, isiyezi, ukutshintsha okubonakalayo kunye nesiphithiphithi kunye nokuhlanza kungenzeka xa iilummyia zihlasela umbane ojikeleze ingqondo yakho kunye nentambo yomgudu, okanye i-cerebrospinal fluid. Olu hlobo lwentsebenzo ye-nervous involvement lubonakala kakhulu kwi -leukemia ye-lymphocytic (ALL) .
Iimpawu zohlobo oluthile lwe-leukemia
- Iimpawu ze-Leukemia eVakalayo ebantwini: Fumana ngakumbi malunga neempawu, ezinokubandakanya i-anemia, ukunyunyuzwa okanye ukuphuma, ukusulelwa rhoqo, isifo somzimba okanye intlungu kunye kunye ne-lymph nodes.
- I-Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL) : Olu hlobo lwe-leukemia luneempawu ezibonakalayo eziquka ukuphuma kwegazi kunye nokuqhawula ngaphandle kweempawu eziqhelekileyo ezingezizo.
- I-Lymphocytic Leukemia (YONKE) : Olu hlobo lwe-leukemia luhlasela abantwana kakhulu. Ukongeza kwiimpawu eziqhelekileyo ezingezizo, zingabonakalisa iimpawu ze-neurological if it enters into the cerebrospinal fluid of brain and spinal cord.
- I-Leememia ye-Myelogenous (i-CML) engapheliyo: Inani elinama- 40 ekhulwini le-CML izigulane zazingenayo impawu kuyo yonke into-itholakala kwindlela yokuhlola okanye ukutyelela kwesinye isifo.
Ukuxilongwa novavanyo
Oogqirha basebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuvavanya ukuxilonga i- cancer cancers , bawutyelele, kwaye banqume impendulo yabo kwizonyango ezahlukeneyo.
- Unokulindela iimvavanyo zegazi ezifana nokubala okupheleleyo kwegazi kunye negazi le-peripheral smear.
- Ngokuqhelekileyo ezinye iimvavanyo ezifana neemvavanyo zomnatha weethambo ziyadingeka.
- Ukuxilongwa kokuqala kwe-leukemia kudinga umzekelo we-biopsy kwiimeko ezininzi. Oku kusenokuba ngumnatha we-bone kunye ne-biopsy. Kwezinye iimeko, ngokukodwa nge-CLL, isampuli somnatha wethambo ayifuni ukuxilongwa, njengoko iiseli ezingaqhelekanga zifumaneka lula kwigazi, nangona kungenziwa ngaphambi kokuqala unyango lwe-CLL. Ukuvavanywa okongeziweyo kweeseli ngokuqhelekileyo kwenziwa ngokunika ingxelo ngokuchazayo, kubandakanywa ukubonakala kwezinto ezincinane kodwa neziphumo zokuvavanywa kwamanqaku athile kunye namajethi.
- Ngokuxhomekeka kuhlobo lwe-leukemia, umthambo womgudu unokuhlolwa kwakhona; kukho i-chest x-ray, iPET / CT kunye nezinye iimvavanyo.
ILizwi
Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba le miqondiso kunye neempawu zingabangela nezinye iimeko ezininzi ezingekho komhlaza. Ukuba unenkxalabo malunga naziphi na iimpawu ozifumanayo, kufuneka uhlale ufuna uncedo kumniki-nkonzo onempilo.
I-leukemia ayikwazi ukufunyaniswa kwaye ihlolwe ngokupheleleyo ngokusekelwe kwimiqondiso kunye neempawu zodwa. Kukho inani leemvavanyo kunye neenkqubo ezimele zizaliswe ukuqinisekisa imeko enokukrokrelwa ye-leukemia.
Imithombo:
> Arber DA, Orazi A, Hasserjian R, et al. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-2016 kwi-World Health Organisation ye-World Health Organisation ye-semoid neoplasms kunye ne-acute leukemia. Igazi . 2016 Meyi 19; 127 (20): 2391-405.
> Swerdlow SH, Campo E, Pileri SA, Harris NL, et al. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-2016 ye-World Health Organisation ye-lymphoid neoplasms. Igazi . 2016 Meyi 19; 127 (20): 2375-90.