Iimpawu kunye neempawu ze-leukemia kunye nezinye i-cancer cancers zingenangqiqo kwaye zinokuba zifana nezinye iimeko ezinzima kakhulu. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ugqirha ube ne-diagnostic echanekileyo:
- Qaphela ukuba isifo siya kuqhuba njani
- Ukuchonga unyango olusebenzayo
Ngokuqhelekileyo, xa umntu ebonisa iimpawu okanye iimpawu ze-leukemia, zithunyelwa kwingcali kwi- hematology / oncology .
Oku kuya kuba ngudokotela oza kugqiba ukuxilongwa, kunye nokucwangcisa nayiphi na unyango olufunekayo. Ezinye iintlobo ze-leukemia ziphuza kakhulu ukukhula kwaye zinokubekwa iliso, ngelixa ezinye zifuna unyango olukhawulezileyo. Eminye yemibuzo ebalulekileyo onokufuna ukuyibuza ugqirha malunga nayo iya kukunceda ukuba uqonde oko kuza emva koko, umzekelo: Ngaba uhlobo lwam lwe-leukemia luyakwazi ukuqhubela phambili kungekudala? Ngaba uyayiphendula njani uhlobo lwam lwe-leukemia olunokwenzeka ukuba lufumaneke kwiindlela zokwelapha ezikhoyo? Ngaba ndingumviwa wokuvavanywa kweekliniki, kwaye unokucebisa nawuphi na kum? Kutheni okanye kutheni?
Ukuchonga i-Leukemia
Uvavanyo lomzimba kunye nembali yonyango: Imbali kunye nempilo yindawo yokuqala yokuxilongwa kwe-leukemia. Xa abanikezeli bezempilo bebona isigulane ekugqibeleni bafumene i-leukemia, baya kudla ngokuqala ngokuhlolwa ngokusemgangathweni kunye nembali yonyango. Baya kuba nomdla ukwazi iinkcukacha malunga naziphi na iimpawu ozifumanayo kwaye uya kwenza uvavanyo olupheleleyo lwe-head to toe.
Iindidi ezahlukileyo ze-leukemia zinokudibaniswa neziphumo ezahlukahlukeneyo kwiimvavanyo zenyama. Ngamanye amaxesha kukho izibonakaliso zokuphaphaza ngokwemvelo okanye ukutyumla. Ngamanye amaxesha kunokwenziwa kwandiswe kwamalungu athile afana nesibindi okanye ipeni. Ngamanye amaxesha akukho mveliso ye-leukemia eyenziwa ngugqirha onokuyiqonda ekuhloleni ngokomzimba.
Kwimeko nayiphi na, izifo ezininzi zinokubonakala ngathi yi-leukemia, kwaye ngoko ukuxilongwa kwe-leukemia ekugqibeleni kufuna iimvavanyo ezongezelelweyo.
Umsebenzi wegazi: Igazi liza kuthatyathwa lisuka kwisigxina kwingalo yakho kwaye ithunyelwe kwi-laboratory kwiibhubhu zokuvavanya. Iisampuli ziya kuvavanywa kwaye iiseli zihlolwe phantsi kwe-microscope. Uvavanyo lwegazi oluqhelekileyo lwe-leukemia luquka:
- Gcwalisa iAgazi ye-Blood (iCBC): Uvavanyo lokulinganisa amanqanaba amangqamuzana obomvu, iiseli ezimhlophe, kunye neeplatelets emzimbeni kunye nendlela iiseli zibukeka ngayo.
- I-Blood Smear ye-Peripher: Iiseli zegazi zidaywe kwaye zijongwa ngaphantsi kwe-microscope ngenxa yobuninzi bokuthi "ukuqhuma" kweeseli.
Isishwankathelo se-Basic Leukemia Iziphumo zomsebenzi wegazi : I-leukemia efanayo iya kubangela ukufunyaniswa okungafaniyo kwiimvavanyo zegazi ezincinci kwiindawo ezahlukahlukeneyo kwixesha le sifo, kodwa nakhu iziphumo eziqhelekileyo eziqhelekileyo zeCBC nganye kwiintlobo ezine eziphambili ze-leukemia .
Izifo | Iziphumo zeCBC | Iziphumo zeGazi Smear |
I-Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML) | • Imilinganiselo engaphantsi kwemivuzo eqhelekileyo yamaseli obomvu kunye neeplatelet | • Uninzi lweeseli ezimhlophe ezimhlophe |
I-Lymphocytic Leukemia (YONKE) | • Imilinganiselo engaphantsi kwemivuzo eqhelekileyo yamaseli obomvu kunye neeplatelet | • Uninzi lweeseli ezimhlophe ezimhlophe |
I-Leememia ye-Myelogenous Chronicle (CML) | Inani elibomvu leeseli legazi liyancipha kwaye inani lamaseli omhlophe lidla kakhulu | • Ngamana usenokubonisa ezinye iiseli ezimhlophe ezimhlophe |
I-Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) | • Iiseli ezibomvu kunye neeplatelets zinakho okanye zingenakuhla | • Amancinci amhlophe amancinci okanye athile |
Uvavanyo lwe-Bone Marrow : Ngokuqhelekileyo, ulwazi olunikezwa ngegazi elikujikelezweni lwakho alanele ukuba luqhubeke ngokubhekiselele ekuxilongweni kunye nokunyanga okunokwenzeka. Iiseli zegazi ekujikelezweni kwakho zonke zaveliswa ngokusemzimbeni wakho wegazi, "i-bone marrow". Ugqirha wakho unokucebisa inkqubo ukuba afumane isampula somnatha wethambo ephuma kwi-hipbone yakho. Oku kwaziwa ngokuba ngumongo we-bone, kunye nomnatha wethambo ususwe usebenzisa inaliti ende ende. Ngomnatha wethambo, kunokubakho iiseli ezenza impilo ephilileyo kunye neeseli ze-leukemia, ngokuqhelekileyo kwiimeko ezifaniyo ezinokubaluleka.
Uvavanyo oluthile lwamaseli e-leukemia lwakho lungabonisa iimpawu ezithile ezisetyenziselwa ukuchonga ukhetho lwakho lwezonyango.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-Spinal Fluid (I-Lumbar Puncture): Ugqirha unokukhetha ukuvavanya umbane ojikeleze intambo yomgudu ukugqiba ukuba kukho na iiseli ze-leukemia. Olu vavanyo, olubizwa ngokuba yi-lumbar puncture (okanye "intonga yomgudu") lunokwenziwa kwiofisi yegqirha okanye kwikliniki.
Ngethuba le nkqubo, ugqirha uya kuba nesigulane elele kwicala lakhe, okanye abeke ukuba baxhomekeke phambili kwitafile ukuze "bazingele". Ugqirha uya kuhlamba ummandla phezu komgudu, kwaye usebenzise inaliti encinci ukuhambisa amayeza ukuba anqande isayithi. Emva koko, inaliti edeleyo ifakwe emva, phakathi kwe-vertebrae, nakwindawo ejikeleze intambo yomgudu. Olunye utywala luya kuhoxiswa kwaye luhanjiswe kwibhabhi ukuze luhlalutye olongezelelweyo.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, ugqirha uya kuphumla isigulane kwisithuba esifanayo ixesha elifutshane emva kwenkqubo.
I-Leukemia Isistim
Ukugxininisa kubhekisele kwinkqubo apho oogqirha kunye neengcali zelabhoratri zizama ukuhlula i-leukemia yakho. Ngokuqhelekileyo kwisigxina somhlaza, kukho umlinganiselo wendlela isifo esiye sisasazeka ngayo, nangona kunjalo, i-leukemia iyancitshiswa kancinane. Iindidi ezahlukileyo ze-leukemia zihlulwe, okanye zenziwa, ngokwahlukileyo, ngokunjalo.
Usenokuba uvile inkqubo elandelwayo esetyenziselwa isiteji seminye imitshato yomhlaza-umzekelo, "unomdlavuza wesigaba se-IV," okanye "unesifo somhlaza webele," njl. umdlavuza kunye nomzekelo wokusasazeka kuwo wonke umzimba, kodwa unokuba luncedo kuncinci kwiziganeko ze-leukemia ezingenzi izicubu eziqinile.
Kwi- lymphocytic leukemia , okanye i-CLL , oogqirha abaninzi basebenzisa i-Rai system. Le nkqubo ingaba yinto engafaniyo, kuba kubonakala ngathi isondele ngakumbi kwinto eyenzekayo kwiimpawu zemihlaza yomhlaza. Amanyathelo axhomekeke kwinxalenye ekusasazeni kwezinye izitho, isibindi, kunye nesantya. Izigaba zeRai zibalwa 0 ukuya kwi-IV kwaye zingahlukana kwiindidi eziphantsi, eziphakathi kunye eziphezulu.
Ukufumana i- lemonemic i-lymphocytic leukemia , okanye i-ALL, nangona kunjalo, isiteji asikwenziwanga ngale ndlela, kwaye isifo ngokuqhelekileyo asifaki isisundu se-tumor esandisa ngokunyuka. BONKE baya kusasazeka kwezinye izitho nangaphambi kokuba bafumaneke, ngoko kunokuba basebenzise iindlela zendlela zenkcubeko, oogqirha bahlala becinga kwi-subtype YONKE kunye nesigulo seminyaka. Oku kuvame ukuquka iimvavanyo ze-cytology, i-cytometry ye-flow flow kunye nezinye iimvavanyo zebhabhi ukuchonga i-subtype YONKE.
Ngokufanayo, i -leukemia okanye i-AML isifo esiyingozi esiqhelekileyo asiqhelekanga kuze kube yilapho isasazeka kwezinye iimbumba, kwaye ngoko-ke umhlaza wesintu ungasidingi. I-subtype ye-AML ikwahlulwa isebenzisa inkqubo ye-cytological (yeselula). Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo ezisetyenziswayo. Ukwahlula kweFrench-American-British (FAB), i-AML ikwahlulwa kwii-subtypes ezisibhozo, i-M0 ukuya kwi-M7. I-World Health Organization (i-WHO) yavelisa inkqubo eyahlukileyo ye-AML staging ezama ukucacisa ngokucacileyo ukuchasisa (imbono).
Ukufumana i-leememiaid leukemia engapheliyo (CML), ugqirha wakho uya kuhlola iimvavanyo zegazi kunye neethambo lomnxeba ukujonga inani leeseli ezigulayo. Kukho izigaba ezintathu ze-CML: ezingapheliyo, ezikhawulezileyo kunye ne- blastic . Isigqirha yisigaba sokuqala se-CML. Uninzi lwezigulane ze-CML ziyafunyanwa ngexesha le-CML engapheliyo xa kukho iimpawu ezintle, ngakumbi ukhathala okanye uphelelwe. Ukuba i-CML ingaphelelanga kwimpendulo yayo kwinyanga yesigulo esingasigxina, ingaba nobudlova, nto leyo ingakhokelela kwisigaba esiphuthumayo. Njengoko i-leukemia yomntu iqhubela phambili kwisigaba esiphuthumayo, iimpawu zingabonakala zibalaseleyo. Isigaba esinobudlova sibizwa ngokuba yi-blastic CML, okanye i-crust crisis. Eli nqanaba libonakaliswa ngobuninzi beeseli ezenza igazi-iipesenti ezingama-20 okanye ngaphezulu ezibandakanya i-myeloblasts okanye i-lymphoblast-emathambo abo okanye emathambo, kwaye iimpawu zifana ne-leukemia.
Imibuzo Yokubuza Ugqirha Wakho
Iimvavanyo kunye neenkqubo zinokuyikrakra ukuba awuqinisekanga oko ukulindele. Unokufuna ukubhala phantsi imibuzo ecela ukukunceda ukulungiselela. Eminye imizekelo yemibuzo onokufuna ukuyibuza umboneleli wakho wezempilo:
- Kuza kwenziwa phi lo vavanyo?
- Iyintoni inkqubo yovavanyo?
- Ngaba ndifuna ukuzisa umntu kunye nam?
- Ngaba ndiya kufuna ukuzila?
- Ngaba ndiyakwazi ukubuyela emsebenzini emva kovavanyo?
- Kuya kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukufumana iziphumo?
- Ndiza kufumana njani iziphumo?
- Ngaba ndimele ndilindele nayiphina imiphumo emibi kule mvavanyo?
- Ngaba lo vavanyo luya kubalwa ngeplani lezempilo?
Zive ukhululekile ukuthabatha amanqaku ngelixa umboneleli wakho wezempilo uyiphendula imibuzo yakho. Baphendule imibuzo yakho ngendlela eyahlukileyo ukuba awuyiqondi. Iqela lakho liza kufuna ukuba ube nolwazi olufanelekileyo phambi kweenkqubo.
Ukunyamekela
Ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho uvavanyelwa i-leukemia, oku mhlawumbi yinto eyikrakra kunye nexinzelelo ebomini bakho. Unokungaqiniseki ngekamva, ukhathazekile malunga nefuthe lokuxilongwa kwe-leukemia kuya kuba neentsapho zakho. Ukongezelela, ungaziva ukhululekile emzimbeni.
Nangona kungenakwenzeka ukulibala konke uxinzelelo oluphantsi, kubalulekile ukuvumela ixesha elithile elithulileyo, elibonakalisa usuku kunye nesikhathi sokwenza izinto ezikuvuyisa. Mhlawumbi uhamba ekukhanyeni kwelanga, uxoxe nomhlobo omdala ngekhofi. Nantoni na eyokukunceda ukuphumla kunye nokuxhuma kunye "nomdala". Mhlawumbi uya kumangaliswa ukubona ukuba umzimba wakho uvakalelwa njani xa ingqondo yakho ikhululekile.
ILizwi
Ukuba usuqhelanise nesistim sokuguqulwa kwesinye isifo somhlaza wesifo se-leukemia njengomhlaza wesifuba okanye umdlavuza weprotate, izigaba ze-leukemia azikwazi ukuguqulela kakuhle okokuqala. Izigaba ze-leukemia zihluka ngohlobo oluthile lwe-leukemia. Ngamanye amaxesha isistim segazi esimhlophe ngexesha lokuxilongwa ngamanye amaxesha lisetyenziselwa ukunceda ukubeka i-leukemia. Ezinye izixhobo, ezinjenge-CML ne-AML, ziquka ukuhlalutya inani leemyeloblasts, okanye iiseli zegazi ezimhlophe ezingapheliyo, ezifunyenwe kwi-blood or bone marrow.
Enye yezinto eziphambili ukuhlula ukuqwalasela okokuqala ukuba ingaba le lememia yakho ingumdlavuza ongapheli okanye i-leukemia. Iifomu ezingapheliyo ze-leukemia zingaphumelela kwaye zibe zibudlova, nangona kunjalo, ixesha elingapheliyo lithetha ukuba ukukhula okucothayo kunye nokuqhubela phambili kunexesha elibi.
Ukongeza kwinqanaba elisisiseko le-leukemia, iteksi ekhethekileyo yamagama okanye "abamakishi" ngaphandle kwamaseli e-leukemia ayafumaneka kwiimvavanyo zelabhu kwaye zidla ngokubaluleka kwisigxina kunye nokucwangcisa phambili emva kokuxilongwa. Izigulane ezimbini ezinomdla ofanayo kunye ne-leukemia zingaba namava ahlukeneyo nesifo, iimpendulo ezahlukahlukeneyo kunyango, kunye neendlela ezahlukileyo.
Ekugqibeleni, i-leukemia yiyona nto ixhaphakileyo ebuntwaneni, kwaye kaninzi i- leukemia yobuntwaneni ibhekwa njengento ehlukeneyo yegazi leyemia. Ukuba ukhangele ulwazi ngenxa yomntwana one-leukemia, qaphela ukuba ngamanye amaxesha unyango kunye nokuxhomekeka kwendlela ehluke phakathi kwamaqela amabini, nangona i-leukemia ingaba negama elifanayo.
> Imithombo:
> I-American Cancer Society. I-leukemia ifunyanwe njani. 2017
> Caldwell, B. (2007). I-leukemi. KwiCiesla >, B >. (Umq.) Hematology kwi Practice (iphe. 159-185). Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: FA Davis Inkampani.
> Finnegan >, K. > (2007). Izifo ezingapheliyo zesifo se-myeloproliferative. KuCiesla, B. (Umhl.) Hematology kwi Practice (iphe.187-203). Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: FA Davis Inkampani.
> I-Leukemia & Lymphoma Society. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi. 2017.