I-lucphocytic leukemia (ALL) iyona hlobo uhlobo lwe-leukemia echaphazela kakhulu abantwana, nangona inokuchaphazela abantu abadala. Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-lymphoblastic okanye i-lymphoid leukemia. ZONKE zichaphazela i-lymphocytes engapheliyo-uhlobo lwe-white cell cell-eyaziwa njenge-blasts.
Sibanzi
YONKE ingumdlavuza oqhelekileyo kubantwana, onoxanduva malunga neepesenti ezingama-25 zobushushu bamanomhlaza.
Abantu abasondele kuma-7,000 bavelisa BONKE unyaka ngamnye kunye nabantu abayi-1,500 abafa, nangona i-sibini yesithathu kulabo bafa ngabantu abadala.
Esi sifo sisinye siphuthuma ngokukhawuleza kwaye sibonakaliswe ngenani elikhulu lamaseli asegazini amhlophe egazini egazini kunye nasentolongeni yethambo. Ngethuba elidlulileyo le nto yayisifo esitshabalalisa ngokukhawuleza, ngoku ngoku kusinda kakhulu kwi- chemotherapy .
Inkcazo enjalo yobudlova kunye nokusinda ngexesha elifanayo inokudideka kubantu abathile, ingakumbi ukuba kwenzeka ukuba ufunde incwadi yonyango endala echaza yonke i-ASM njengomdlavuza. Ngoko ke, kunokukunceda ukucinga ngendlela i-chemotherapy isebenza ngayo, ngokuhlaselwa kweeseli ezihlukana kakhulu.
Ngethuba apho sineemveliso zamachiza e-chemotherapy ephezulu kakhulu, ukuba nomhlaza okhuseleyo unokuthi uthathwa njengengcono "ngeyona nto," ubuncinci ekuqinisekiseni ukuba sinendlela yokwenza kakubi isifo.
Izidumbu ezikhula ngokukhawuleza, ngokuchaseneyo, zincinci ukuba zingaphuluke nge-chemotherapy. Kwaye nangona lo mhlaza, ngelishwa, lwenzeka kubantwana, abantwana bahlala becala ngakumbi kunabantu abadala abanesifo.
Yintoni iLymphoblast?
I-Lymphoblast yindlela ekhulileyo yoluhlobo lwegazi elimhlophe elibizwa ngokuba yi-lymphocytes.
Ngomnatha wethambo, inqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-hematopoiesis eyenzekayo, oko kusisiseko sithetha ukubunjwa kwamaseli ethu omzimba kunye negazi.
Le nqubo iqala nge-cell stem ye-hematopoietic engakwazi ukuguquka kunye nomgca we-myeloid (oya kuba luhlobo lwegazi elimhlophe elibizwa ngokuba yi-granulocyte, iseli elibomvu legazi, okanye iplatelet) okanye umgca we-lymphoid. I-lymphoblast "yintsana" kule nkqubo. I-Lymphoblast inokuqhubeka ibe yi-T lymphocytes (iiseli ze-T), i-lymphocyte B (iiseli ze-B), okanye i-Cell Killer Cells (iiseli ze-NK.)
Izizathu
Ayaziwa yintoni ebangela iYONKE, kodwa izinto ezinobungozi zingabandakanya:
- Ezinye izimo zemizimba, njenge- Down syndrome
- Olunye utshintsho lwe-chromosomal okanye utshintsho lomzimba
- Ukubonakalisa izinto, ezifana ne-benzene
- Kwi-utero (ukubeleka komntwana) kwi-ray-ray
- Ukuboniswa kwonyango lomhlaza, kubandakanywa unyango lwe-radiation kunye ne-chemotherapy
Iimpawu
Ekubeni i-lymphoblast "ihlala" emnxeni wethambo , zonke iintlobo zeeseli zegazi eziquka iiseli zegazi ezimhlophe, iiseli ezibomvu zegazi kunye neeplatelet zingathinteka. Iimhlophe zegazi ezimhlophe eziveliswayo-nangona zikhulu kunokuba ziqhelekileyo kwinani-azisebenzi kunye nokuqhelekileyo kwaye zidla ngokuphindaphinda inani lezinye iintlobo zeeseli ezimhlophe zegazi, iiseli ezibomvu zegazi kunye neeplatelet.
Iimpawu zingabandakanya:
- Ukukhathala nobuthathaka
- Pallor
- Umkhuhlane (umkhuhlane wesimo esingaziwayo kubantwana) okanye ukukhupha ebusuku
- Ukusulela rhoqo (oku kunokuba nzima ukucacisa kubantwana abavame ukufumana izifo ezininzi ngonyaka)
- Ukunyakaza
- Ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
- Nciphisa ukutya kunye nokulahleka kwesisindo
- I-Petechiae (iindawo zesikhumba ezibonakala zibomvu kwaye azidluli xa ubeka uxinzelelo kwesikhumba-ungagcini)
- Intlungu kunye neentlungu, ngokukodwa kumathambo amathambo
- Izilwanyana ezinokungahlanjulwanga ezingenasiphelo entanyeni, emagqabini, nasezintwini
- Ukunyameka kwesisu esisekunene okanye kwesobunxele, phantsi kwembambo
Ukuxilongwa
ZONKE zisoloko zikhankanywa ngokusekelwe kumanani omzimba wegazi omhlophe kunye nenani elandisiweyo lama-lymphocytes omzimba.
Iimvavanyo ezongezelelweyo ezenziwe kwinkqubo yokuxilonga zingabandakanya:
- Uninzi lwegazi
- Umongo we-Bone
- Ukuphonononga iimvavanyo ukujonga izicubu, ngakumbi kwisisu, esifubeni, okanye emthonjeni
- Ukugqitywa kwe-Lumbar (ityhuphe yomgudu yenziwe ukujonga ubukho bomhlaza wamaseli kwi-cerebrospinal fluid)
Unyango
Kungakunceda ukuqonda ngokukhawuleza ukuba, ngokungafani namanye amachiza, i-chemotherapy YONKE idlalwa ngaphezu kwexesha leminyaka embalwa, kunokuba iiveki ezimbalwa.
Unyango lweZONKE luyakwazi ukuphulwa phantsi kwezi zigaba zilandelayo, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo zibandakanya i-chemotherapy enamandla (i-stem cell transplants kunye neyeza zonyango ngamanye amaxesha inxalenye yonyango ngokunjalo):
- Ukwelashwa kwe-induction (ukungeniswa kwe- remission ) -Akuba bonke bafumanisa ukuba, isinyathelo sokuqala kukunciphisa inani lokuqhuma nokubuyisela ukuveliswa kweeseli eziqhelekileyo kumnatha wethambo. Oku kubandakanye i-chemotherapy enobudlova kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kwenziwa nge-patient. Xa lesi sinyathelo senziwe, umntu onabo bonke uhlala exoxwa.
- Ukuhlanganiswa -Isinyathelo esilandelayo (esicatshulwa elinye lamanyathelo kwisifo sokunyanga emva kokungeniswa) kukuba "uhlambulule" nayiphi na amangqamuzana omhlaza "aseleyo" emva kokunyangwa kweyeza.
- Ulwaphulo lwe-Maintenance- Nangona emva kokuba lo mhlaza uphelelwe, kwaye unyango olungaphezulu luye lwaphelisa nayiphi na inqwelana yesifo somhlaza , inomdla wokuphindaphinda ngaphandle kokonyango. Ulwaphulo lwezondlo lujoliswe ekuthintela ukuphindaphinda kwe-leukemia kwaye kubangele ukusinda kwexesha elide.
- Ukuthintela / unyango lwe-CNS -Ukuba bonke bekhona kwi-cerebrospinal fluid, i- intrathecal chemotherapy idla ngokuqhelekileyo, ekubeni ezininzi iziyobisi ze-chemotherapy aziwelali umqobo wegazi. Kubantwana abaninzi nabantu abadala abangenayo inxaxheba ye-CNS, unyango (kubandakanywa oku kunye neyonyango lonyango) lwenziwa ukukhusela umdlavuza ekuboniseni okanye ephindaphinda engqondweni.
Ukuxela abantwana kubhetele kunabantu abadala bonke. Okwangoku, malunga neepesenti ezingama-95 zabantwana bazuza ukuxolelwa kunye nokuphakama kwama-80 ekhulwini kubantwana baya kuqhubeka nokuhlala ixesha elide nesifo.
Inkxaso kunye nokuKhekana
Amaxesha amaninzi umntwana ufumana bonke, ngoko inkxaso kufuneka iqondiswe kubo bobabini abahlala nabo BONKE nabazali babo. Funda ngokubanzi njengoko unako malunga nesi sifo. Fumana uncedo. Unyango lwe-leukemia yi-marathon kunokuba i-sprint kwaye inokukunceda ukuba abanye abantu banike uncedo bazi ukuba awuyidingi ngokukhawuleza, kodwa ukuba uncede uncede njengoko ixesha liqhubeka.
Inkxaso yabantwana abanomhlaza uye waphucula ngokugqithisileyo kwiminyaka elishumi edlulileyo kwaye kwaneenkampu zabantwana abajamelana nesi sifo ngoku sele bekho lonke ilizwe. Ezi nkampu zancedisa abantwana ukuba bazive bengabikho kwizinto zabo ontanga abangenayo umdlavuza.