Iibomvu zegazi ezibomvu kunye ezimhlophe ziphakama ngeHematopoiesis
I-Hematopoiesis (ebizwa ngokuba yi-oh-po-EE-sus) yinkqubo apho zonke iiseli zakho zegazi zenziwe, ziphuhlise kwaye zikhule zibe ziintlobo zabo zokugqibela. Eli gama libhekiselele kumendo okanye kwiindlela zokuphuhliswa kweeseli zegazi, ngokuqala kwinto eyaziwa njenge- hematopoietic stem cell , ehamba kwiinkalo zamanyathelo okufika kwimveliso yokugqibela-isetyhula yegazi elivuthiweyo, ingaba iseli elibomvu legazi, umhlophe iseli legazi njenge-lymphocyte, okanye olunye uhlobo lweseli yegazi.
Enye imigaqo yale nkqubo ye-cell cell formation iquka i-hematogenesis, i-hemogenesis, ne-hemopoiesis.
Iisayithi zeemveliso zeseli zegazi zixhomekeke ekubeni uthetha ngomntwana esesisu esibelekweni sakhe, okanye emva koko ebusaneni nakumntu omdala. Okokuthi, ngo-utero, umntwana okhulayo usebenzisa iindawo ezahlukeneyo emzimbeni we-hematopoiesis, kubandakanywa nesibindi, i-spleen, i-thymus, i-lymph nodes, kunye nomnatha wethambo. Emva kokuzalwa, indawo ephezulu ye-hematopoiesis isentongeni yethambo.
I-hematopoiesis ye-Extramedullary yindlela yokwakhiwa kweeseli zegazi kwiindawo ezingaphandle kwethambo lomongo. Kwaye xa i-hematopoiesis isetyenziselwe ukuba yinto eqhelekileyo yomntwana esiswini, xa umntu ezalwa, ngokuqhelekileyo ngumqondiso wesifo okanye isibonakaliso sokuba umongo wethambo awukwazi ukuvelisa iiseliti zegazi ezibomvu ezaneleyo ukuze zihlangabezane neemfuno.
Yintoni iHematopoietic?
Unokufumana igama elithi hematopoiesis, okanye isichazizwi se-hematopoietic, kwiimeko ezininzi ezahlukeneyo:
- I-Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation , ebizwa ngokuba yi-bone marrow transplant okanye i-stem cell transplant, ibandakanya ukuthatha iiseliti ezixhamliweyo kunye nokuzinikela kummkeli, ukuze ummkeli enze iiseli zegazi ezibomvu, iiseli zegazi ezimhlophe kunye neeplatelets ezikunceda igazi ukuze livale.
- Ubunzima be-Hematopoietic bubhekisela kumhlaza weeseli ezenza igazi. Izidalwa zonyango ze-Hematopoietic ziquka i- leukemia, i-lymphoma, ne-myeloma .
- I- neoplasm ye- Hematopoietic ihlanganisa ubuninzi beengxaki zegazi, ezinye zazo ziimeko ezingapheliyo ohlala nazo, kwaye abanye banokuqhubeka nenkqubela enkulu kunye nokunciphisa ukusinda.
- Umgca weeseli ze- Hematopoietic okanye umgca weselula ubhekisela kwiitrakthi eziliqela, okanye amasebe "kwi-cell cell family tree", apho iseli le progen likhula kwiseli yomntu omdala / ovuthiweyo.
Sibanzi
Igazi lokujikeleza linomxube weeseli, iimveliso zeseli kunye namanzi. Imizimba yethu ivelisa iiseli zegazi ngokuqhubekayo ukususela ngexesha esikuyo esibelethweni kuze kube sesikhulile. Izigidi zeeseli zegazi zithatyathwa endaweni nganye njengoko zihlala ziphila zabo. Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeeseli zineendawo ezahlukeneyo zokuphila, kwaye kubantu abadala abadala, iiseli ezibomvu zegazi zihlala ziphila malunga neentsuku ezili-100 ukuya kwe-120 ngaphambi kokuba zifunwe.
Kukho iintlobo ezili-10 ezahlukeneyo zeeseli zegazi, nganye yenza imisebenzi yazo. Nangona iiseli zegazi ezibomvu kunye ezimhlophe zingaphelela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo emzimbeni, imveliso iqala emnzini wethambo.
KwiMarrow Bone
Kwimihlaba yamathambo athile, kukho izicubu zomnxeba, eziquka i-hematopoietic stem cells , ezibizwa nangokuthi i-pluripotent i-hematopoietic stem cells, ezenza zonke iintlobo zeentlobo zegazi.
Ezinye zala maseli asetsheni zihlala "zingavumelekanga" ukwenzela ukuba ziqhubeke nokuvelisa iiseli kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo olufunekayo, uhlobo olufana neenkosikazi zezinyosi ezibeka amaqanda, kodwa ezinye iiseli eziqhambileyo ziqala inkqubo yokwenza, ukuba "ngabaphathi" okanye "abaphambili" "yeefowuni zeefenethi ezahlukileyo . Imigca yesigcawu / imigca ingacatshangwa njengamasebe ahlukeneyo emthini weentsapho zegazi.
Iiseli ezenza igazi zenza amacala amabini ahlukeneyo omthi womndeni:
- I- lymph oid side kulula ukuyikhumbula ngoba iphakamisa iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi ezibizwa ngokuba yi- lymph ocytes. I-lymphocytes ingafakwa ngokubanzi njengama-T, iiseli zeB, kunye neeseli zokubulala.
- Icala elilindelekileyo lentsapho lininzi le-hodgepodge. Unamaseli akho abomvu, abizwa ngokuba yi-erythrocytes, kunye neeplatelets zakho zegazi, eziyizona zincinci zamaseli amakhulu abizwa ngamagakaryocytes. Kodwa ke, ngaphezu kweeseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi kunye neeplatelets, nawe unayo yonke iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi ezivela kwi-proyeloitors ye-myeloid: i-neutrophils, i-monocytes, i-eosinophil, kunye ne-basophil zizonke iiseli zegazi ezimhlophe ezivela kwi-proyeloitors.
- Kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo, inxalenye ebalulekileyo yokukhula kwangaphambili kunye nokuvuthwa kweeninzi zezi ntlobo zentlupheko kwenzeka ngaphakathi komnatha wethambo; Iiseli ze-T zikhula kwintolongo yethambo kodwa zihambele kwi-thymus ukuba ikhule .
Egazini, kwiMida, kunye naseTissues
Xa sele ikhulile kwaye ikhula, amaseli egazi abomvu ahlala egazini. Amaseli egazi aseMhlophe angaphinda atholakale egazini, kodwa anokuba ngaphezulu kwezinye iisayithi. Ngokomzekelo, i-lymphocyte zixhaphake kakhulu kwaye zininzi kwi -lymphatic system kunegazi .
- Amaseli egazi ezimhlophe (i-leukocyte): Ezi ziquka i-lymphocytes, i-monocytes kunye neeseli ezimhlophe ze-polymorone zinikezela imizimba yethu ukukhuselwa kwisifo. Iiseli zegazi ezimhlophe ziyinxalenye eyintloko yamasosha ethu omzimba awanceda ukutshabalalisa abahlaseli ngokusebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo, kuquka ukuveliswa kwamagciwane anamathele kubahlaseli. Iingxaki zamaseli ezimhlophe zingakhokelela ekusulelekeni.
- Iiseli zegazi ezibomvu (i-erythrocytes): Ezi iiseli ziqulethe i-hemoglobin enika igazi lakho umbala obomvu kwaye ithwala i-oksijini kwiiseli kunye nezicubu emzimbeni wakho. Ukuntuleka kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi kungakhokelela kwi-anemia, kunye neempawu ezifana nokukhathala, ubuthathaka kunye nokunyanzeliswa ukusetyenziswa.
- Iiplatesti: I- Megakaryocytes emnxeni wethambo ziyi-"monster" iiseli (zinkulu xa kuthelekiswa nabanye) ezivelisa iiphakheji ezincinane zezixhobo zamasellet (iiplatelet) ezikunceda ukulawula ukuphuma kwegazi emva kokulimala. Ukungaphumeleli kweplatelet kunokukhokelela ekunyameni okulula kunye neengxaki ngegazi.
Ukusuka kwiM Bone Marrow ukuya kwi-Bloodstream
Ukuba i-HSC yenza ukuvelisa iiseli zegazi ezivuthiweyo, ziya kuba neziqela (ngokuqhelekileyo zibe zihlanu okanye ngaphezulu) ukwahlukana kweeseli ngaphambi kokuba ibe yileli. Njalo xa iseli lihlula, kuthatha ngakumbi kunye neempawu zeeseli elidala liza kuba. Ngamanye amagama, iyahlukana ngakumbi okanye iyodwa.
Ukukhuthaza umzimba ukuvelisa iiseli ezintsha zegazi -uhlobo oluthile lwe-hematopoiesis engumsebenzi- lunokuba luncedo kwiimeko ezithile. Ngokomzekelo, maxa wambi ithambo lomnxeba lukhuthazwa ngaphambi kokuba unyango lomhlaza lucwangciswe xa kuncitshiswa ngokunyanisekileyo kweeseli ezenza igazi emlonyeni.
Xa ii-Hematopoietic Iiseli Ziya Kukhokelela
Njengazo nayiphi na iseli, ii-HSC ziyakwazi ukuguqulwa kwintsholongwane engasebenzi okanye ezonakalisa ukwenziwa kuneeseli ezinempilo. Ngokuxhomekeka kwinqanaba lokuhlukana kweseli lini xa lenza le nguqulelo, lunikeza iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokuphazamiseka: ukukhathazeka kwe-myeloproliferative, i- leukemias, i-lymphomas kunye ne-myelomas.
Uhlobo lweselula oluqhelekileyo lungathunyelwa ngokuthi 'ukuqhuma.' Ukuqhutyelwa kwezigulane ezine-leukemia kunokubonisa ukuba utshintsho lomhlaza lwenzeka kwiseli edala igazi eyayisekuqaleni kwenkqubo yophuhliso. Ukuba iiseli eziphambili kwi-leukemia okanye i-lymphoma ziintlobo ezivuthileyo, oku kubonisa ukuba utshintsho lomhlaza lwenzeka kwiseli evuthiweyo okanye iseli esasondele kwinqanaba lomdala lokugqibela.
Kwi-lymphoma, kukho i-lymphomas eyahlukeneyo ebonisa zonke iindidi ezahlukeneyo zophuhliso lwe-lymphocyte, kubandakanywa nendlela yokuphuhlisa i-B-cell kunye ne-T-cell; Ngoko, kukho i-B-cell lymphomas, i-T-cell lymphomas, kunye ne- Natural Killer T-cell lymphomas .
I-Hematopoietic Transplantation Cell - I-Bone Marrow Transplants
Unyango lwe-leukemia, i-lymphoma kunye nezinye i-khancer cancers zingabandakanya ukufakelwa kweeseli ze-hematopoietic stem. Le nto ingaba iiseli zakho, ukuvuna kwi-bone yakho (autologous), okanye kwi-donor (allogenic). Izindlela ezisetyenziselwa ukufumana iiseli ezenziwe ngegazi ezivela kumnikeli ziyahluka, kodwa ukutshintshwa ngokwayo kukumpontshelwa okulula njengoko amaseli e-hematopoietic stem aphuma esuka egazini angena emlonyeni wethambo.
I-Hematopoiesis e-Extramedullary
Leli gama elisetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kweeseli zegazi eyenzeka ngaphandle komnatha wethambo. Ingabonwa kwi-anemia engapheliyo, kunye nokuveliswa kweeseli zegazi kwisibindi, isitha kunye ngamanye amaxesha kwi-lymph nodes. Kweminye imiba, kunokukho iiseli ezinobungozi ezinobungozi obuhlala kwindawo engaphandle kwethambo lomongo.
> Imithombo:
> Williams, L. Ukuhlaziywa ngokubanzi kwe-Hematopoiesis kunye ne-Immunology: Impembelelo kwabamkeli be-Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Receivers. Ezzone, S. (2004) I- Hematopoietic Stem Transplantation Cell: I-Manual for Nursing Practice. Society of Nursing Society. Pittsburg, PA (iphe.1-13).
> UMichael A. Rieger noThim Schroeder Hematopoiesis. I-Cold Spring Harbour Perspective kwi-Biology, ngo-2012, iColver Harbour iLebhu yeeLebhu.