I-PMNs: Intsapho yeeNgcini zegazi ezimhlophe
BAZINTONI?
I-polymorone leukocytes, okanye i-PMNs, yintsapho ekhethekileyo yamaseli amhlophe egazi. Intsapho iquka iiseli zomzimba ezibizwa ngokuba yi-neutrophils, i-eosinophil kunye ne-basophil. I-neutrophils, i-basophil kunye ne-eosinophil yiyo yonke i-PMN engayifumana ejikelezayo kwigazi. Kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo zokuhlolwa kwegazi, nangona kunjalo, i-PMN eyona nto ixhaphakileyo yi-neutrophil.
Yintoni eyenziwa ngu-P oly M okanye i- Npho ?
Ngaphandle kwe-PMNs ebhekisela kwiqela lalawo maseli, igama libhekisela ekubukeni kwayo. Iipoly + + ihambelana "nemilo eyahlukeneyo" kunye neokhilikliya ibhekisela kwiinuclei zeeseli ze-PMNs, xa zonakalisa kwaye zijongwa phantsi kwe-microscope. I-PMN yaziwa ngaloo ndlela ngokungaqhelekiyo kweengqungquthela ukuba i-nuclei yabo ithathe. I-Nuclei yamaseli amhlophe e-PMN anamaqela amaninzi ahlukileyo kangangokuthi endaweni yokubukeka njengendandatho enhle, ejikeleziweyo kwicandelo eliphambeneyo, bangabonakala babe ne-lobes ezimbini okanye ezintathu. Le nuclei eboyiweyo ibangela ukuba "ukubonakala kweqanda elibiweyo," ngokuqhelekileyo kwezinye iintlobo zeeseli, ukuba kungabikho ndawo-kunoko, iseli libukeka njengeqanda elalinokuphuka i-yolk.
Ngaba i-PMNs Granulocytes?
Ewe. Ukongeza kwi-nuclei ehlekisayo, i-PMNs ibuye i-granules engabonwa ngokusebenzisa idayi kunye namathambo; i-granules ifana neebhaluni zamanzi ezincinci ngaphakathi kweseli, kwaye zinika ukubonakala kwe-PMN yazo.
Ngenxa yeso sizathu, ii-PMNs zidla ngokuba zibizwa ngokuthi "i-leukocytes" yegranular okanye i-granulocyte. Yintoni ephakathi kwe-granules incike kwii-PMNs othetha ngazo. Kwimeko ye-neutrophils, i-granules iqulethe i-enzymes kunye nezinto ezinokusetyenziswa kwe-antimicrobial, xa zikhutshwe, zinceda ukulwa nesifo.
Zivelaphi i-PMNs?
Ii-PMNs kunye nezinye iintlobo zeeseli ezimhlophe zegazi, iiseli ezibomvu zegazi kunye neeplatelets zonke zihla okanye ziphuhlise kwii- hematopoietic stem cells kwi-bone lomnatha. Ukususela kwiiseli ze-hematopoietic stem, iiseli zegazi ziyahlukana phakathi kweendlela ezimbini ezibalulekileyo, ezihlukeneyo: umgca weli cell lymphoid oqhubeka ube yi-lymphocytes, kunye nomgca we-cell myeloid , obangela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-PMNs, ngaphezu kwezinye iiseli zegazi.
Zifumanekaphi?
Ama-PMN ayenamhlophe amaseli egazi angatholakala kwigazi. Nangona kunjalo, iiseli zegazi ezimhlophe zihlala zikwazi ukulandela iimpawu zamachiza, ezifudukela kumanqaku ahlukeneyo emzimbeni apho zifunwa khona, unokufumana i-PNN kwezinye iindawo, ezinjengeesayithi zentsholongwane okanye ukuvuvukala.
Ngaba yonke into isebenza ngendlela efanayo?
Hayi, nganye yamaseli egazi amhlophe e-PMN ahlukeneyo ahlukeneyo kwimpilo kunye nezifo, kwaye zinokubandakanywa kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo kumasosha omzimba, nangona kukho ukuhamba. Njengawo onke amangqamuzana egazi ezimhlophe, enye i-PMN enokuba luncedo ekukhuselweni kunye nokulwa nokutheleleka, ngamanye amaxesha, kunokudlala indima kwimingcipheko enobungozi okanye engalinganiyo, njengemizimba kunye nezimpendulo ezinzulu.
BENZE NTONI?
Xa kuziwa kwizigulane ezine-cancer, i-neutrophils yi-PMN ebaluleke kakhulu ekulwa nokusuleleka. Enyanisweni, yinto ebaluleke kakhulu yokusulela u-WBC, ixesha, ngokutsho kwe-American Cancer Society. Ukuze ufumane ingqiqo ye-neutrophil count, oogqirha basebenzisa umlinganiselo obizwa ngokuba yi-neutrophil count, okanye i-ANC. Umntu onempilweni une-ANC phakathi kwama-2 500 no-6,000.
Imisebenzi ye-neutrophils kunye nezinye i-PMN zichazwe ngezantsi:
- I-Neutrophils - I-Neutrophils yindlela yokuqala yokuzivikela kwiibhaktheriya, ii-virus kunye nezifo ezifayo, kwaye ziyabonakala kuqala kwindawo. Xa kukho ukulimala kwamathambo, izinto ezibizwa ngokuba yi-chemotactic zikhutshwe ezikhangela i-neutrophils.
- I-Eosinophils - I-Eosinophil isebenza ngokusabela ngokuthe ngqo kunye nokuchasene nezifo ezinjengezilwanyana ezinjenge-worm infestations. Amanqanaba aphakamileyo ama-eosinophil egazini angakhokelela kwezinye iimeko, nazo, ezifana nokuphendula kwezidakamizwa.
- I-Basophils - i- Basophil nayo ibandakanyeka ekuphenduleni , kwaye iyakubhalisa i-histamine kunye nezinye iimveliso ezibangelwa ukuvuvukala nokukhusela igazi ekugqibeleni. I-Basophil yi-bloodborne efana neeseli zesisitrasi, ezizibopheleleyo ezinama-tissue-bound (i-basophil egazini;
Iiselula ezininzi kwiiTissues:
- Amaseli amancinci - Kwiimfucu, iisaliti zendima zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiimeko zokuphefumula kunye nokutya . Iiseli ezincinci zikhona kwi-2 subtypes enkulu: izicubu ezixhunyiwe kunye ne-mucosal. Zomabini zincinci ziyakwazi ukukhupha i-granules. Iindawo ze-Mucosal zi-linings, ezinjengobuncwane bamathumbu, okanye umgca we-airways. Izicubu ezinxibelelwano zikhona ngaphaya kwezi ziqulatho nakwezinye izakhiwo, ngokunjalo. Kwizibini zombini, iiseliti ze-mast zingasebenza kwaye zenze i-degranulate, okanye zishiye ukuhlawula umvuzo wazo we-granules. Iimpawu ngaphakathi kwimiqolo yazo zisebenza njengempawu zeseli kwaye zisebenza ngokubambisana namanye amaseli omzimba.
Emininzi kwi-PMNs kunye noKhuseleko
I-PMN iyingxenye yesistim e-immune esingaziwayo. Oko kuthetha ukuthini ukuba baphatha bonke abaxhamli ngendlela efanayo. Igama eliqhelekileyo lithetha ukuba le nkqubo ikhona ukusuka ekuzalweni - iiseli akudingeki zifunde ukuqonda abahlaseli. Bayazibona ukusuka ekuhambeni.
Oku kuyahlukana ne-system immune. Kwi-system immune efunyenwe, iiselula ze-immune ziyakwazi ukuqonda umzabalazi kwaye zikhuphe iimpendulo zomzimba. Impendulo isoloko iyinkimbinkimbi kwaye idibeneyo, ebandakanya iiseli zomzimba ezibizwa ngokuba yi-B kunye ne-T lymphocytes, kwakunye neeseli ezibonisa i-antigen, okanye ii-APC, ezizenzekelayo ekuhloliseni i-lymphocytes ngokubonakala kwe-antigen yangaphandle.
Iimeko ezibandakanya amanqanaba angaqhelekanga we-PMNs
- Amanqanaba aphezulu e-neutrophils egazini aqheleke kubangelwa izifo, njengoko ezi zisele zibizwa ukukhusela umzimba.
- Xa umzimba ungenayo i-neutrophils eyaneleyo, oku kuya kuqhathaniswa nomngcipheko womntu wokuphuhlisa intsholongwane. Ezinye izifo zokwelapha zomhlaza zingenza ukuba ama-neutrophil awele, okubangelwa kwizinto ezibizwa ngokuba yi-neutropenia. Kwi-neutropenia eyenziwa yi-chemotherapy-induced, ababoneleli bonyango balinda umngcipheko wosulelo kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo.
- Ukugqithisa kwama-eosinophil kuthiwa yi-eosinophilia , kwaye idla ngokubangela ukuphazamiseka, ukuphendulwa kwezidakamizwa, okanye ukusuleleka kwiipasasites, kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo kungasetyenziswa ngumhlaza kunye nezinye iimeko. Ukuntuleka kwezi iiseli akuqhelekanga.
- Ukugqithisa kwe-basophil kungenzeka nge-hypothyroidism kunye nezinye i-cancer cancers. Ezinye iziphazamiso ezinxulumene namazinga ase-basophil angaphezulu kwezi ziquka i-Crohn isifo kunye ne-ulcerative colitis-ezo zibini zibhekwa njengesifo sokugulisa izifo.
Imithombo:
I-Kurashima Y, i-Kiyono H. Ixesha elitsha kwii-cell ze-mucosal zesitrasi: iindima zabo ekuvukeni, iimpendulo ze-immune ezikhuselekileyo kunye nophuhliso oluxhasayo. Uvavanyo lweMvavanyo kunye neMelecular (2014) 46, e83.
ECanada Cancer Society. Inatomy and physiology yegazi. Fumaneka ngo 02/24/16. http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/leukemia/anatomy-and-physiology/?region=on
UWilliam, uL. "Ukuhlaziywa ngokubanzi kwe-Hematopoiesis kunye ne-Immunology: Impembelelo yabamkeli be-Hematopoietic Stem Acplantants" kwi-Ezzone, S. (2004) I- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Umhlahlandlela woLondolozo lwe- Oncology Society Nursing: Pittsburgh, PA (iphe.1- 12)