Iiseli zeT-ziyi-subtype yeeseli ezimhlophe zegazi ezidlala indima ephambili kumasosha omzimba kunye nokulwa nomhlaza. Masiqhekeze amajoni omzimba abe ngamacandelo ukuze kube lula ukuqonda.
Kukho iintlobo eziphambili zeeseli ezimhlophe zegazi (leukocytes): i-lymphocytes kunye ne-granulocyte.
I-lymphocytes, kwakhona, ihlelwe phantsi:
- Iiseli ze-T (iistim e-thymus-derived cells)
- Iiseli ze-B (iiseli ezifunyenwe ngomongo)
Uhlobo lo khuselo
Imizimba yethu ine-2 iiprayimari zeentlobo zokuzikhusela :
- Ukukhuselwa komzimba
- Ukuzikhusela komzimba
Iiseli ze-T ziyingxenye yesifo somzimba womzimba, inxalenye yesistim somzimba ongasicinga ngokubulala ngokuthe ngqo ibhaktheriya, iintsholongwane kunye namaseli omhlaza. Olunye uhlobo lokuzikhusela olukhuselekileyo-lukhusela imizimba yethu kulaba bahlaseli ngokwenza iziza-mzimba.
Iintlobo zeeT-seli
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeeseli zeT, kuquka ezi zilandelayo:
- Amaseli e-cytotoxic T - i-cell zetyotoxic T zifumana kwaye zihlasela ngokuthe ngqo abantu basemzini ezifana neebhaktheriya, iintsholongwane kunye nomhlaza weseli.
- Iiseli zeT T - Iiseli zeT Helper zifumana ezinye iiseli ze-immune kwaye zilungiselele iimpendulo zomzimba.
- Iintsholongwane ze-T ezilawulayo - Iingqungquthela ze-T ezicwangcisiweyo zicatshulwa ukuba zikhusele isimiso somzimba-mzimba ukwenzela ukuba ingagqithisi (njengoko yenzayo kwizifo ezizimele), nangona kunjalo iinkalo eziphambili ze-biology zala maseli zihlala zifihliwe kwaye ziqhubeka zixutyushwa.
- Iintsholongwane ezibulalayo zendalo ze-T - i-cell T (NKT) zeseli azifani into efana neeseli zokubulala, kodwa zifana. I-cells ze-NKT zii-cell ze-cytotoxic ezifuneka ukuba ziqaliswe kwaye zihluke ukwenza umsebenzi wazo. Umbulali wemvelo (NK) iiseli kunye ne-NKT iiseli ze-lymphocytes ezikwabelana ngesimo esifanayo. Bobabini bangakwazi ukuphendula ngokukhawuleza phambi kobukhulu beeseli zesisu kwaye bathathe inxaxheba kwiimpendulo zomzimba zokulwa ne-tumor.
- Iinkumbulo ze-T - Iimemori ze-Memory ze zikhumbule iimpawu kwi-bhakteriya, iintsholongwane, okanye amangqamuzana omhlaza abawabonayo ngaphambili.
Ukuveliswa, Ukugcinwa, nokufumaneka
Emva kokuveliswa kwintsimbi yethambo , iiseli ze-T zichithe ixesha elithile likhula kwaye likhula kwilungu elibizwa ngokuba yi-thymus-yoko kutheni kuthiwa yiT-cell, ezimelele kwii cell cell. Emva kokukhula, i-T-seli ikhona kwigazi nakwii- lymph nodes .
Umsebenzi weT-Cell kwiCarcer
Iiseli ze-T zidlala indima enkulu ekulwa kwethu nomhlaza. Oku kunokudideka kakhulu ukuthetha ngeeseli ze-T, ngakumbi xa sithetha ngeengcingo ezifana ne-lymphoma, ngoko siza kujonga iindlela iiseli ze-T zisebenza ukulwa nomhlaza kunye nokuba zichaphazeleka njani ngumhlaza. Ukukrazula umhlaza, nangona kukho ii-cells ezaneleyo, kufuneka ziqale "zibone" umhlaza.
Iindlela apho iiselithi ze-T zisebenza ukulwa neCarcer
Iiseli ze-T zisebenza kwindlela zombini ezichanekileyo kunye ezingangqaliyo zokulwa nomhlaza.
- Iintsholongwane ze-T ezitshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza ngokuthe ngqo-Ezi iiseli kuqala zifumana iiseli zomhlaza kwaye zinokukhuthazwa ukubulala amaseli omhlaza.
- Iintsholongwane zeT T zilwa nomhlaza ngokungahambi ngqo - Ezi seteli ziququzelele kwaye zilungele ukulwa nomhlaza.
Iindlela apho iiseli zeT e zichaphazeleka yiCarcer
- Ukubandakanyeka ngokuthe ngqo kumhlaza - Kwii-khansa ezifana ne- T-cell lymphoma , iiseli ze-T ngokwazo zinomdlavuza.
- I-bone marrow takeover - i-Lymphomas kunye nezinye i-cancer ezithe zafikelela emnzini wethambo zixakeke iiseli ezinomsoco emnzini wethambo (i-precursors yeeseli ze-T) ezibangele ukuchithwa kweeseli ze-T.
- Ukutshatyalaliswa ngenxa ye-chemotherapy - I-Chemotherapy inokuthi ichithe i-T-cell kunye nezinye iiseli zegazi ezimhlophe.
Immunotherapy
Uphando olusandul 'uphando olutsha lubandakanya uphando ngobunjineli be-T-cells zegulane ukuze bakwazi ukubona nokubulala amaseli omhlaza. Olu hlobo lonyango luye lwabonisa iziphumo ezithembisayo zokuqala kwi-lymphoma.
I-Cycling-Immunity Cycle
Iiseli ze-T ziyingxenye yento eyaziwa ngokuba ngumjikelezo wokukhuselwa ngumhlaza.
Njengoko iiseli zomhlaza ziyafa, zikhulula ama-antigens, izinto ezinokuqatshelwa ngamasosha omzimba.
Ama-antigens avela kumaseli omhlaza athatyathwa aze ahanjiswe kwiseli yamaseli akhethekileyo omzimba abizwa ngokuba ngama-antigen-presenting cells (APCs) ukwenzela ukuba amanye amaseli omzimba angakwazi "ukubona" ama-antigens anomdla. Kwi-lymph nodes, i-APC isebenzise iiseli ze-T kwaye zibafundise ukuqonda iiseli zesisu. Amaseli e-T ahamba ngeemitha zegazi ukuze afinyelele kwisisu, angene ngaphakathi, aqonde iiseli zomhlaza aze azibulale.
> Imithombo:
> I-American Cancer Society. Yintoni entsha kwiCancer Immunotherapy Research? 11/05/15.
> Chen, D., no-I. Mellman. I-Oncology ihambelana ne-Immunology: I-Cycling Immunity Cycle. Ku khuselwa . 2013. 39 (1): 1-10,25.
> Chen, D., Irving, B., noF. Hodi. Iindlela zeMolcular: I-Generation Generation Immunotherapy - Inhibiting Programmed Death-Ligand 1 kunye noHlelo lokufa-1. Uphando lweKlinikhi yeKhansela . 2012. Ingaba: 10.1158 / 1078-0432.CCR-12-1362.