Ugqirha njenge-Lung Cancer Treatment Option
Uphando lomdlavuza wemiphunga unokuhlala lukhuseleke xa lubanjwa kwiinqanaba zangaphambili. Ukuba nokuqonda xa utyando lusebenza kakuhle, yiziphi iintlobo zeenkqubo eziqhelekileyo zenziwa, kwaye oko kukubandakanya kunokukunceda uxoxe ngeqela lakho lokunyamekela umdlavuza nokuba awuyiyo le nto ingcono kakhulu kuwe.
Sibanzi
Xa uxoxa ngeendlela zokwelapha umhlaza wamaphaphu, kunceda ukuhlula okokuqala unyango ngamacandelo amabini: unyango lwendawo kunye neyeza zonyango.
Izonyango zengingqi zilapha iiseli zesifo (izihlamba) apho zivela khona kodwa aziphathe naziphi na iiseli eziye zasasazeka kwi-tumor yangempela. Bobabini ukwelashwa kunye nokunyanga kwamayeza yonyango lwengingqi. Iinkqubo zonyango , ngokuphambene, zonyango iiseli zesifo apho zisenzeka khona emzimbeni kwaye kungekhona kwisayithi apho isiqalo saqala khona. I-Chemotherapy, iipilisi ezijoliswe kuyo, kunye ne-immunotherapy zibhekwa njengonyango lwezocwangciso.
Ukukhetha Ukuba Ukuhlinzwa Kukulungele
Izinto ezininzi ziqwalaselwa xa zigqiba ukuba utyando luyindlela efanelekileyo yokunyanga umhlaza wemiphunga. Ezi ziquka:
- Uhlobo lomhlaza wemiphunga - Utyando luninzi luyenziwa njengonyango lomhlaza wesifo somhlaza wesininzi . Ekubeni umdlavuza omncinci wamangqamu omninzi uqala ukusasazeka, utyando luvame ukuba lusebenze ngaphandle kwezinto ezincinci kwaye zihlala ziphathwa kangcono nge-chemotherapy kunye / okanye imitha. (Inqaku elilandelayo lixubusha izikhokelo kunye nokuxela ukuhlinzwa ngenxa yesifo somhlaza wesifo somnxeba .)
- Isigaba somhlaza wemiphunga - Isigaba somdlavuza wemiphunga ngenye yezona zinto zibaluleke kakhulu xa zicinga malunga nokuhlinzwa. Ugqirha lusebenza kakhulu kulabo abanegca 1 , isigaba sesi-2 , kunye nesigaba se-3A esingasomncinci wesifo somhlaza wamaphaphu. Isigaba 3B kunye nomhlaza wesigaba se-4 zihlala ziphathwa ngokudibanisa imitha kunye ne- chemotherapy . Ngezigaba 1B ukuya kwi-3A kanomdlavuza, utyando luvame ukuhlanganiswa ne-chemotherapy kunye / okanye i-radiation (i-chemotherapy adjuvant.)
- Indawo yomhlaza - Ukuba isisu sisondele kwiqumrhu elibalulekileyo, njengentliziyo, unyango ngaphandle kotyando lungaqwalaselwa lukhuselekile kungakhathaliseki ukuba isigaba. Ngamanye amaxesha i-chemotherapy kunye / okanye i-radiation inikezwa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa ukuze kuncitshiswe ubungakanani besisu kunye nokwenza ukuba kusebenze ngakumbi. Oku kuthethwa ngokuba ngu-neoadjuvant unyango.
- Umsebenzi jikelele wempilo / umphunga - Iimeko eziqhelekileyo zempilo yakho, ezinye izimo zonyango kunye nomsebenzi wamaphaphu unokumisela ukuba inkqubo yokupasa ingakhuselekanga. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, uhlobo lolwaphulo lwe-radiation (i-stereotactic body body radiotherapy, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-cyber knife) ifumaneke ngempumelelo ekuphatheni izilwanyana ezincinci ezinokuthi zenze utyando ngenxa yendawo yazo.
Yintoni eyenzeka Ngaphambi koPhando
Ngaphambi kokuba utyando lucinge ukuba i- oncologist yakho iya kufuneka iqinisekise ukuxilongwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu, ukuhlolwa kweemvavanyo ukufumana isigaba somhlaza wakho, kwaye uvavanye ukuba ukuhlinzwa kungenzeka ngokusekelwe kwindawo yecala. Uya kunikwa ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba ukujonga impilo yakho jikelele, kunye nokuhlolwa kwemiphunga kuya kwenziwa ukwenzela ukuba uqiniseke ukuba unempilweni ngokwaneleyo ukuba uphumelele kwaye uphefumule emva koko.
Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokuPhepha
Iintlobo ezinkulu ezintathu zokuhlinzwa zenziwe zenziwa ukususa umhlaza wamaphaphu.
Ezi zihluke ngokususa kuphela izicubu zomhlaza kunye nezicubu eziseduze, ukugqiba ukususwa komphunga, kuxhomekeke kubukhulu kunye nendawo yendawo yokudla. Zezi:
- Ukuguqula i-resection (uhlalutyo lwamacandelo) - Ukuqhawulwa kwemida yomdlavuza wemiphunga kubandakanya ukususa inxalenye yomphunga oquka i-tumor kunye nezinye izicubu ezijikelezayo. Olu tyenziso lusetyenziswa xa i-tumor ibanjwe kakhulu kusasa.
- I-Lobectomy - I- lobectomy yinto eqhutywayo ngokugqithiseleyo esetyenziselwa ukuphatha umhlaza wamaphaphu, kwaye kubandakanya ukususa i-lobe yomphunga. (Ilungelo lempompo linama-3 lobes kunye nomphunga wesobunxele unalo 2 lobes.)
- I- pneumonectomy - I- pneumonectomy iquka ukususwa komphefumlo wonke.
Ezi zonyango zingenziwa nge-incision enkulu kwindonga yesifuba (i-thoracotomy) okanye nge-thoracoscopy (ii-VATS) ezixhaswa ngevidiyo, inqubo apho kufakwa khona ubungakanani ngeendlela ezincinci eziboniswe eludongeni lwesifuba kunye nalapho i-tumor isuswa khona . Nangona abantu abakwazi ukufumana ii-VATS iinkqubo bafumana ngokukhawuleza, le nqubo ayisebenzi kuwo onke amathumbu omphunga kwaye ayenziwanga kuwo onke amaziko omhlaza.
Iingozi
Ingozi evela kumdlavuza womphunga wamaphaphu kubandakanya umonakalo kwizakhiwo okanye kufuphi nemipuphu, ingozi ebanzi ehlobene nokuhlinzwa, kunye neengozi ezivela kwi-anesthesia jikelele. Udokotela wakho ogqirha kunye ne-anesthesiologist uza kuxubusha ezi ngozi phambi kwakho ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa. Iingozi eziqhelekileyo ziquka:
- Ukuhlamba
- Sulelo
- Ukuwa kwempompo ( pneumothorax )
- Ukulimala kwizakhiwo eziseduze ezifana nentliziyo
- Izingozi ezivela kwi-anesthesia jikelele
- Amacwecwe egazi (i-Blood clots - i-thrombosis enzulu kunye ne-pulmonary embolism elandelayo iqhelekile ngomhlaza wamaphaphu, kwaye umngcipheko ukwanda ngokunyanga ngamanyango ezifana nokuhlinzwa kunye ne-chemotherapy.)
Ukubuyisela
- Ubuhlungu obulandela ukuhlinzwa buqhelekileyo kwaye lunokuqhubeka kwiiveki ezimbalwa. Iqela lakho lokugada liya kuqinisekisa ukuba unamachiza okulawula oku kokubili esibhedlele nasemva kokubuya kwakho ekhaya. Ngamanye amaxesha iintlungu zenzeka emva kweenyanga emva kokuhlinzwa njengoko iinzwa ziqala ukukhula. Kubalulekile ukuvumela iqela lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo ukuba likwazi ukuba le nto ukuze inokukunika iindlela zokulawula oku.
- Ityhubhu . Emva kokuhlinzwa, ityhubhu yesifuba iya kushiywa endaweni, kunye nesinye siphelo ngaphakathi kwesifuba sakho apho utyando lwenziwe kwaye enye inamathele kwibhotile ngaphandle komzimba wakho. Oku kusetyenziselwa ukunceda imiphunga yakho igcwalise phezulu emoyeni, kwaye ukukrazula nayiphina igazi okanye umbane owakhayo emiphakeni yakho. Oku kungashiywa endaweni ethile iintsuku eziliqela.
- Ukuphefumula. Emva kokuhlinzwa, uya kucelwa ukuba usebenzise ukuphefumula ukuze uncede ukwandisa imiphunga yakho kwaye ukhusele imiphunga.
Iingxaki ezinokwenzeka
Izimbalwa zeengxaki ezininzi zokuhlinzwa komhlaza wamaphaphu zibandakanya ubunzima bokususa ityhubhu yokuphuza umoya kunye nentsimbi yesifuba emva kokuhlinzwa, okungathatha ixesha. Abanye abantu baxakeka ngenxa yentlungu yesifuba esilandelayo emva kokuhlinzwa - into ebizwa ngokuba yi- postpneumonectomy syndrome okanye i-post-thoracic syndrome. Kukho uphando oluninzi olujongene nale ntlungu yesifo kwiminyaka yamuva, ukuvavanya iindlela zokunceda abantu bajamelane nokungahambi kakuhle emva kokuhlinzwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu, kunye neendlela zokukhusela oku kuvela kwindawo yokuqala.
Imibuzo Yokubuza Ugqirha Wakho
- Ngaba unyango luyindlela ekhethekileyo yokunyanga umhlaza wam?
- Ziziphi ezinye iindlela ezikhoyo ezinokuthi ziphumelele njengophando?
- Uluphi uhlobo lotyando olucebisayo?
- Ngaba ezinye iindlela zonyango ezifana ne-radiation okanye i-chemotherapy ziya kudibaniswa notyando?
- Ndize kube nini ndibe esibhedlele?
- Kuze kube nini emva kokuhlinzwa ndingabuyela kwimisebenzi yam eqhelekileyo?
- Ngaba ndingayilindela phi intlungu, ixesha elide, kwaye kuya kwenziwa ntoni ukulawula intlungu yam?
- Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokwenzeka?
- Ngaba ukuphefumula kwam kuya kufana emva kokuhlinzwa?
- Yintoni enokwenzeka ukuba utyando uza kunyanga umhlaza wam?
Imithombo:
National Cancer Institute. Ukwelashwa kweNtsholongwane yeNtsholongwane engekho encinci. INgxelo yezobuGcisa. https://www.cancer.gov/types/lung/hp/non-small-cell-lung-treatment-pdq#section/all.