Izimpawu, unyango, kunye nokuxhamlaliswa kweNcinci yeSifo seLung Cancer
Sibanzi
Amanqaku omhlaza wesifo somhlaza wamaphaphu amancinci ama-15 ekhulwini lomhlaza wesifo somhlaza. Ngokungafani neentlobo zamanqwelana eziqhelekileyo ezingaqhelekanga , umdlavuza omncinci wamaphaphu ukhula ngokukhawuleza kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo uphendula kakuhle kwi-chemotherapy ekuqaleni. Ngelishwa, kudla ukubuyela emva kokunyanga okokuqala kwaye kukuxhatshazwa konyango olulandelayo lwonyango.
Amancinci amancinci amancinci amaphaphu aqhele ukuqala kwi-airways enkulu (i- bronchi ) yemiphunga, kodwa isasazeka kwangoko, ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwingqondo.
Ziye zaphuka zibe zigaba ezimbini kuphela, umlinganiselo omncinci kunye ophezulu kunye nomdlavuza omncinci wesifo somnxeba. Abantu abangama-60 ukuya kuma-70 ekhulwini abantu sele benesifo esiphezulu kwixesha lokuxilongwa.
Umdlavuza omncinci wesifo somnxeba unxulumene kakhulu nokubhema, nangona ezinye izinto ezifana nokugqithiselwa kwi-radon kunye ne-asbestos nazo zidibaniswa nomdlavuza omncinci wamangqamuzana. Olu hlobo lomhlaza wesifo somdlavuza luqhelekileyo kumadoda kunabesifazana, kwaye uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lomdlavuza wamaphaphu ukuba lunempawu ezibhekiselwe kwi- paraneoplastic syndrome - oko kukuthi, iimpawu ngenxa yamahomoni ezifihliwe yisifo okanye i-immune response response kwisisu.
Iimpawu
Iimpawu zesifo somhlaza wesifo somnxeba singabandakanya:
- Ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo
- Ukuhlamba igazi ( hemoptysis )
- Ukuvulela ebusweni nasentanyeni
- Ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
- Ukugubha
- Ukuphindaphinda iziqulatho ze-pneumonia okanye i-bronchitis
- Ukuthuka
- Ukukhathala
- Ukulahleka kwesisindo esingachazwanga
Iimpawu ngenxa yokusasazeka komhlaza wemiphunga kwezinye iindawo zomzimba.
Iindawo eziqhelekileyo apho umhlaza wesifo somhlaza wamasipha wandalala uquka:
- Ingqondo - i- Brain metastases evela kumdlavuza wamaphaphu ingenzeka kwangethuba, kwaye ingaba yimbozo yokuqala yee cancer. Ezi ziquka intloko, ukuguquka kombono, ubuthathaka, okanye ukuthatha.
- Amathambo - I- Bone metastases ingabangela intlungu emhlane, emacaleni, esifubeni, emagxeni, okanye ezintanjeni.
- Isibindi - i- Liverstases ezinobungozi zingabangela intlungu yesisu, ukuqhaqhabalaza, kunye nokuqhekeka okwesibhakabhaka kwesikhumba esibizwa ngokuthi i-jaundice.
- Iingqungquthela ze-adrenal - i- Adrenal metastases idlalwa rhoqo kwi-CT scan kunezinye iimpawu, kodwa ingabangela intlungu yesisu.
Umdlavuza omncinci wamaseli omnxeba unokubangela iintlobo ezininzi zeempawu ngenxa ye- paraneoplastic syndromes . Ezinye zezi ziquka:
- Ubuthakathaka besiphako kwimilenze ephezulu, ukuguquka kombono, nobunzima bokugwinya ( Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome )
- Ubuthathaka, ukukhathala, kunye nezinga lezantsi le-sodium egazini ( isifo se-hormone ye-hormone esingafanelekanga (SIADH) engalunganga )
- Ukulahlekelwa koqhagamshelwano kunye nobunzima bokuthetha (i-paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration)
- I-Clubbing (ukujikeleza) kweminwe
Amanqanaba
Kukho izigaba ezi-2 zomhlaza wesifo somhlaza wamangqamuzana:
- Umhlaza wesifo se-Lung Cancer - Umlinganiselo omncinane wesifo somhlaza wamaphaphu uchazwa njengomhlaza weseli omncinci okhoyo kumphunga omnye kwaye unokusasazeka kwiindawo ezikufutshane (i-superraclavicular) i- lymph nodes okanye kwindawo phakathi kwemiphunga ( mediastinum ), kodwa ukusasazeka (i- metastasized ) kwezinye iindawo zomzimba.
- I-Stage Stage Lung Cancer - Kwinqanaba elincinane lomhlaza wesifo somhlaza, umhlaza usasazeke (umonakalo) kwenye indawo yomzimba, njengenye i-lobe yemiphunga okanye ingqondo.
Unyango
Unyango lomhlaza wesifo somhlaza wamangqamuzana uyahluka ngokuxhomekeka kwisigaba somhlaza kunye nezinye izinto.
Ugqirha - Ukuvuthwa akunakufanekiswa kwintsholongwane yomhlaza wamangqamuzana (ngokuqhelekileyo kuthathwa njengokusebenzayo,) kodwa utyando luye lucatshungulwe ukuba i-nodule encinci itholakala ngesigxina kwi-X-ray okanye kwi-CT scan i-chemotherapy (i-chemotherapy emva kokuhlinzwa) ixhaphazwa ukuba utyando luyenzela umdlavuza omncinci wamangqamuzana.
I-Chemotherapy - Unyango lwezityalo ezincinci kunye neendawo eziqhelekileyo ziquka ukudibanisa i- chemotherapy kunye neyeza.
Umdlavuza omncinci wamaseli omninzi uphendule ngokusesikweni kwi-chemotherapy ekuqaleni, kodwa ukuphikiswa kuyaqhubeka. Kufunyenwe ukuba unyango olunzulu kunye nomhlaza wesifo somhlaza wamachiza wamachiza kunye ne-chemotherapy iphakamisa ukusinda kwamanzi ngumbandela we-4 okanye wesi-5 ongekho unyango. Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ze-chemotherapy ezisetyenzisiweyo ziquka ukudibanisa kwe-cisplatin (i-Platinol) okanye i-carboplatin (i-Paraplatin) ne-etoposide (VePesid.)
Uphulo lwe- radiation idla ngokusetyenziswa kunye ne-chemotherapy.
I-prophylactic irradiation irradiation (PCI) - Kwizigulane eziphendula kakuhle unyango kwaye ziphumeze impendulo epheleleyo, i- prophylactic iraniation irradiation (PCI) - unyango lwe-radiation thintelo kwingqondo-inconywa ukwenzela ukunciphisa umngcipheko we-metastasis yengqondo, indawo eqhelekileyo yokuphindaphinda umdlavuza.
Izilingo zezonyango - Zininzi izilingo zekliniki zifuna ukufumana unyango olungcono kumdlavuza omncinci wesifo somhlaza. Ngokukodwa, unyango lwe-immunotherapy ezimbini, i-Opdivo (nivolumab) kunye ne-Keytruda (pembrolizumab), eye yavunywa ngo-2015 kubantu abanomdlavuza ongasetyenzana wesifo samangcwaba, ngoku bahlolisiswa ukuba bafumane ukuba bayasebenza ngokuchasene nomdlavuza omncinci wamangqamuzana . I-National Cancer Institute incoma ukuba abantu abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu bacinga ukuba bathathe inxaxheba kwiimvavanyo zonyango. Ngokuqinisekileyo, imibutho yamanomdla emiphunga imisele isilingo samahhala esikhatywayo esilungelelanisa izigulane zomdlavuza wamaphaphu , apho umhambi onokukunceda ekufumaneni ukuba ngaba Izilingo zeklinikhi eziqhubekayo zinokufanisa i-tumor yakho kunye nezifiso.
Ulwaphulo olusisigxina - Ukongeza kwonyango lomhlaza, iindlela ezinjenge-radiation therapy zisoloko zisetyenziselwa ukulawula iimpawu zesifo somhlaza wesifo samancinci. Izaphulo zinokuba luncedo ekulawuleni iimpawu ezinjengeentlungu zethambo ngenxa yesifo se-metastases, intloko kunye nobuthathaka obubangelwa yi-brainstorms, ukuphuma kwamaphaphu kunye nokuphefumula okubangelwa kukukhutshwa kwe-airways.
Prognosis
Umlinganiselo wokusinda komdlavuza omncinci wesifo samancinci uhlukile kakhulu kuxhomekeke kwisigaba. Okwangoku, isilinganiso seminyaka emihlanu yokusinda komdlavuza omncinci wesifo samangqamu (zonke izigaba) zi-5 ukuya kwi-10 ekhulwini
Izinto ezinxulumene nokuphila okuphuculweyo zibandakanya ubulili besini, kwaye isimo sengqondo esilungileyo - engcono kwimpilo ngokubanzi ngexesha lokuxilongwa. Ukuqhubeka ukutshaya kunokunciphisa ukusinda. Ekubeni umhlaza wesifo somhlaza wamangqamu ukhula ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ekubeni sifikile ixesha elide kunye nezinye umdlavuza ezinokukhula ngokukhawuleza ezifana ne-leukemia, ithemba ukuba unyango olungcono luya kufumaneka kwikamva.
Ukujamelana
Izifundo zibonisa ukuba ukufunda oko unokukwazi ngomdlavuza wakho wamaphaphu kunokuphucula umgangatho wobomi, mhlawumbi nokuba nesiphumo sakho. Buza imibuzo. Funda ngezilingo zamachiza ezinokukufaneleka, kunye nendlela yokuba ngummeli wakho kwinkathalo yakho yomhlaza.
Abantu abaninzi bakuthola kuncedo ukubandakanyeka kwiqela lokuxhasa okanye inkxaso yoluntu. Cela kwaye uvumele abathandekayo bakho ukuba bancede. Uze uxhomeke kwithemba. Ukunyangwa komhlaza wemiphunga-kunye namazinga okusinda-kuphuculwe emva kweminyaka emininzi ebonakala ngathi yintshintsho. Kukho ithemba elininzi.
Imithombo:.
National Cancer Institute. Ukwelashwa kweNcinci yeCatal Lung Cancer (PDQ) - I-Health Professional Version. Ukuhlaziywa 02/18/16. https://www.cancer.gov/types/lung/hp/small-cell-lung-treatment-pdq
USher, T. et al. Umhlaza wesifo somnxeba omncinane. IMayo Clinic Proceedings . 2008. 83 (3): 355-67.