Umdlavuza omncinci wamangqamuzana omnxeba unomthwalo wemali engama-15 ekhulwini lamanomdla emiphunga, kanti i- akhawunti engekho encinci yomhlaza wamaphaphu emakhenkethi angama-85 ekhulwini lamanomdlavuza emiphunga.
Ngokungafani nomhlaza wesifo somhlaza wamangqamuzana, olwahlula zibe zigaba ezine, umhlaza wesifo somnxeba omncinci uhlukaniswe zibe zigaba ezimbini kuphela; kwinqanaba elilinganiselwe kunye nesigaba esiphezulu. Amaphesenti angama-30 ukuya kuma-40 abantu abanomdlavuza omncinci wamangqamuzana bamaphaphu bafunyaniswa ngethuba lokuqala - xa iimvumi zabo zicatshangelwa ukuba zingaphantsi kwinqanaba, kanti ngo-60 ukuya kuma-70 ekhulwini abantu abaye baqhubekela phambili kwisifo.
Umdlavuza omncinci wamaseli omninzi unamava, ukhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye usasazeka ngokukhawuleza, kodwa udla ngokusabela kakuhle kwi-chemotherapy kunye nokunyanga kwamayeza ngexesha.
Inkcazo
Umlinganiselo omncinci womhlaza wesifo somhlaza wamaphaza uquka umhlaza okhoyo kumphunga omnye kwaye unokusasazeka kwii- lymph nodes okanye iisununu phakathi kwemipopho kodwa engasasazekayo ( imastasted ) kwezinye iindawo zomzimba.
Umdlavuza omncinci wamangqamuzana omnxeba uhlukaniswe ngamagatya amabini ngesistim sokuhlaziywa ngama-radiation oncologists. Ngalesi sigaba, "isigaba esinqamlekileyo " sibhekisela kwiimvumi ezijikelezwe kwintsimi ye-radiation. " Isigaba esiphezulu " umdlavuza omncinci wamangqamuzana omnxeba, ngokuchaseneyo, ubhekisela kwiimvumi ezikhulu kakhulu okanye zixhaphake kakhulu ukuba zidibaniswe kwintsimi enye yokunyamezela. Xa umdlavuza omncinci wamangqamuzana wesifo somdlavuza usasazeke kwiindawo ezikude zomzimba (isifo se-metastatic) soloko sithathwa njengesigaba esiphezulu.
Ugqirha wakho unokuchaza kwakhona umdlavuza wakho ngokwemigangatho ye- TNM . Ukusebenzisa le nkqubo, T imele ubukhulu be-tumor, i-N imele ubukho bomhlaza kwi-lymph nodes, kwaye i-M isetyenziselwa ukuchaza imetastasis ede. Ngomlinganiselo omncinci womhlaza wesifo somhlaza wamangqamuzana, isisu sinokuba sisayizi ohlukileyo (T) kwaye sinakho okanye singenayo i-lymph nodes echaphazelekayo (N) kodwa iya kuhlala i-M0 (M ilandelwa yi-zero), oku kuthetha ukuba i-tumor asasaze kwenye imiphunga okanye kwiindawo ezikude zomzimba.
Iimpawu
Ngokungafani neentsholongwane ezifana ne-lung adenocarcinoma, edla ngokuqhubekayo kwimimandla engaphandle yomphunga, umdlavuza omncinci wamangqamuzana omnxeba uqala ukuqhubekela phambili phakathi, ngokukufutshane nomoya omkhulu. Ngesi sizathu, iimpawu zokuqala ziquka ezo zihambelana nesifo esixhomekeke kwinqwelo-moya ephezulu ( bronchus ), njengokukhwehlela, ukukhwehlela igazi, kunye neengqungquthela eziphindaphindiweyo ze-pneumonia ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwemimoya yomoya.
Iimpawu zomhlaza wesifo somhlaza wamaphaphu zingabandakanya:
- Ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo - Ukukhwehlela okungapheliyo kudla ngokuba ngumqondiso wokuqala wesifo somhlaza wesifo somnxeba.
- Ukuhlamba igazi (i-hemoptysis) - Ukukhupha igazi ngumqondiso oqhelekileyo wokuqala wesifo somhlaza wesifo somnxeba. Nangona inani elincinci legazi lixhalabisa, kwaye ukukhwehlela ngaphezu kwepaspoon okanye ezimbini zegazi kuthathwa njengongxamiseko lwezonyango.
- Ukuvulela ebusweni nasentanyeni
- Ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
- Ukugubha
- Ukuphindaphinda iziqulatho ze-pneumonia okanye i-bronchitis (ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwe-airways nge-tumor)
- Ukuthuka
Izibonakaliso zeParanoplastic - Umhlaza wesifo somhlaza wesifo somdlavuza ungabangela iintlobo ezininzi zeempawu ngenxa ye- paraneoplastic syndromes , eziyimpawu ezibangelwa ngama-hormone ezifihliweyo ngumzimba okanye isifo sokuzivikela komzimba kwisifo sokuxhamla kwisisu kunokuthi i-tumor ngokwayo. Ezinye zezi ziquka:
- Ubuthakathaka besiphako kwimilenze ephezulu, ukuguquka kombono, nobunzima bokugwinya (Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome)
- Ubuthathaka, ukukhathala, kunye nezinga lezantsi le-sodium egazini (isifo se-hormone ye-hormone ye-antidiuretic, i-SIADH)
- Ukulahlekelwa koqhagamshelwano kunye nobunzima bokuthetha (i-paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration)
- I-Clubbing - Ukukhubazeka kweminwe apho ukuphela kweminwe ithatha ukubonakala kwipasipuni yokuhlaselwa.
Iimpawu ze-metastasis - Umhlaza wesifo somhlaza wemimandla uchazwa njengomhlaza ongasasazeka kwiindawo ezikude zomzimba. Noko ke, umdlavuza omncinci wamangqamu omninzi, uqala ukusabalalisa ngokukhawuleza, ingakumbi kwingqondo, kunye nesigaba esincinci somhlaza wesifo somhlaza wamangqamuzana kuqala iimpawu zesifo somhlaza zingabanxulumene nobuchopho bomzimba , njengobuthakathaka kwicala elinye lomzimba, okubonakalayo utshintsho, utshintsho lwentetho, okanye ukutshatyalaliswa.
Unyango
Izinyango zokwelapha umhlaza wemiphunga ziquka zombini unyango lwengingqi ezifana nophando kunye neyeza zonyango kunye nokuhlinzwa, kunye neenkqubo zonyango ezifana ne-chemotherapy. Iimvavanyo zonyango zijongene nendima enokwenzeka yezilwanyana ezijoliswe kuyo kunye nomzimba wokugonywa komzimba wesifo somhlaza wesifo somnxeba.
I-Chemotherapy kunye neyeza zokwelapha imitha - abaninzi abantu baphendula kakuhle ngokudibanisa i- chemotherapy kunye neyeza zonyango ; nomhlaza wesigaba esincinci, oku kunokunika ithuba lokunyanga.
Ugqirha - Ukuvuthwa akunakufanekiswa ukwenza umdlavuza omncinci wamangqamu ommfakamfesane (ngokuqhelekileyo unokuthi unganakwenzeka ) kodwa ngezinye iinkqubo ucingisisa ukuba i-tumor ikhona kwimiphunga enye kuphela kunye neelymode ezikufuphi. I-acrovant chemotherapy (i-chemotherapy emva kokuhlinzwa) ivame ukucetyiswa ukuba utyando luyenzela umdlavuza omncinci wamangqamuzana.
I-prophylactic iraniation irradiation - Ukuba abantu baphendule kakuhle kunyango, i- prophylactic iraniation irradiation (PCI) - unyango lwe-radiation thintelo kwingqondo - isinconywe ukunciphisa umngcipheko ukuba nayiphi na iseli yomhlaza esasazeka kwingqondo, kodwa ayibonakali kwizifundo ze-radiology, ziya kukhula kwaye zibangele iimpawu.
Izilingo zezonyango - Uvavanyo lwezonyango luqhubela phambili kuzo zombini izigaba zesifo somhlaza wesifo samangqamuzana, ukuvavanya unyango olutsha kunye neenkqubo zokonyango zalo mhlaza. I-National Cancer Institute incoma ukuba nabani na umhlaza wesifo somhlaza wamangcwaba bacinga ukuba bathathe inxaxheba kwilingo leklinikhi.
Prognosis
Izinga lokusinda kwintsholongwane yomhlaza wesifo somhlaza sele liphuculwe ukususela kwongezwa kwonyango lomzimba kunyango kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-PCI, kodwa bahlala bephantsi. Izinga lokusinda lomdlavuza omncinci wamangqamuzana omzimba zihluke kakhulu ngokwecandelo. Okwangoku, izinga lokusinda iminyaka emi-5 kwisigaba 1 somhlaza wesifo somhlaza wamapesenti ngamaphesenti angama-31, kunye neepesenti ezingama-19 kwinqanaba 2. Iipesenti ezili-10 zabantu abanezigulana ezingancinane zibonisa ubungqina bomdlavuza iminyaka emibili emva kokuxilongwa. Ekubeni umdlavuza omncinci wamasipha omzimba ukhuphuka ngokukhawuleza, kwaye sifike ixesha elide kunye nezinye izifo ezinomdla wokukhula ezinjenge-leukemia, ithemba ukuba unyango olungcono luya kufumaneka kwixesha elizayo.
Yintoni Ndingayenza Ukuze Ndizincede?
Izifundo zibonisa ukuba ukufunda oko unokukwazi ngomhlaza wakho wamaphaphu kunokuphucula unyango lwakho. Buza imibuzo. Fumana ngezilingo zeklinikhi ezinokuba zifanelekile kuwe. Cinga ukujoyina iqela lokuxhasa . Cela kwaye uvumele abathandekayo bakho bakuncede ohambweni lwakho nomhlaza.
Kubalulekile ukuba ngummeli wakho xa unomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Emva kweminyaka emininzi yenguqu encinci kwonyango lomhlaza wemiphunga, ingakumbi umdlavuza omncinci wamaphaphu, kwenziwa inkqubela phambili.
> Imithombo:
> I-American Cancer Society. I-Cancer Cancer (I-Cell Small). Ukuhlaziywa 05/16/16.
> I-American Society of Clinic Oncology. Cancer.Net Cancer Lung - I-Cell Small: Iindlela zokonyango. 10/2016.
National Cancer Institute. Ukwelashwa kweNcinci yeCatal Lung Cancer (PDQ) - I-Health Professional Version. Ukuhlaziywa 11/09/17.