Yintoni eyayiba sisizathu esivela emva kokukhwehlela kwakho?
Ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo okanye ukukhwehlela okungapheliyo kuyimpawu eziqhelekileyo ezinobangela ezininzi. Imiphumo ecasulayo yokukhwehlela, njengokulahleka kokulala, izihlunu ezinzima zesifuba, kunye nokukhupha umchamo kunokuchaphazela umgangatho wobomi kwaye uphazamise imisebenzi yakho yemihla ngemihla.
Ukuba ukukhwehlela kwakho kuphelile, unokuzibuza nokuba ingaba yinto engaphezu kokubanda okanye ukubandezeleka.
Kuthetha ukuthini ukuba unomkhwehlela ongeke uhambe?
Inkcazo yeCough persistent
Ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo kuchazwa njengomkhuhlane oqhubekayo kwiiveki ezisibhozo okanye ngaphezulu. Ukukhwehlela kungabomile okanye kuvelise, ngamanye amazwi, unakho okanye uninzi ungazikhwehlela i-mucus (sputum). Ukukhwehlela kungabhekiselwa kuye ngokuthi "okungapheliyo," "ukulibala," okanye "ukugxotha."
Ukukhwehlela "kolukhuni", ngokuchaseneyo, kubhekisela kwisikhwehlo esigcina iingaphantsi kweeveki ezisibhozo, njengalezo ezenzeka ngebandayo.
Izizathu ezinokwenzeka
Kukho ezininzi ezinokubangela ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo. Nangona izizathu eziqhelekileyo aziqhelekanga zibalulekileyo, kubalulekile ukuthetha ngezizathu eziqhelekileyo kodwa ezibalulekileyo, ngokukodwa kulabo abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-50. Inani elithile labantu abafumene ukuba nomhlaza wemiphunga baqala ukuvavanywa- kwimpazamo-kunye nezinye zezizathu eziqhelekileyo.
Iintlobo ezininzi eziqhelekileyo zoKhukula oluqhubekayo
Isibhengezo esithi "izinto eziqhelekileyo ziqhelekileyo" ngokuqhelekileyo isinyathelo sokuqala xa ubona ugqirha wakho ngokukhwehlela okuqhubekayo.
Izizathu ezintathu eziqhelekileyo (kubomntu "oqhelekileyo") ziquka:
- Ukunyuka kwe-postnasal kwi-hay fever (i-rhinitis ye-allergen), izifo ze-sinus, i-polyp nasal, okanye ezinye iimeko ziyona nto ibangelwa ngumkhuhlane ongapheliyo. Zonke ezi zibizwa ngokuba "yindlela ephezulu". Nge-rhinitis ye-allergen yexesha, ungayiqaphela umzekelo wokukhwehlela, kodwa unyaka wonke unobangela obuthathaka obunokuthi ungabonakali umzekelo.
- Isifuba. Nangona abantu abane-asthma bahlala bezinye iimpawu, ezifana nokuphefumula nokuphefumula, kwabanye abantu abane-asthma ukukhwehlela yimiqondiso kuphela (i -asthma ).
- Acidx. Isifo se-reflux yesifo se-Gastroesophageal (GERD) yinto yesithathu ebangela kakhulu ukukhwehlela okungapheliyo kwaye ihlala inganakwa. Kwabanye abantu, iimpawu ezinjengokugqithisa ingabikho, kwaye uphawu olulodwa luba ngumkhuhlane ongapheliyo. Ukukhwehlela ngenxa yeGERD idla ngobusuku emva kokulala embhedeni.
- Bronchitis eosinophilic. Nangona abantu abaninzi abazange bakuve nge-bronchitis ye-eosinophilic, yenye yezona zinto ezibangele ezine zikhuhlane ezingapheliyo kubantu abadala. I-bronchitis ye-Eosinophilic ifana ne-asthma ngeendlela ezithile ngokusekelwe kwimizimba yamasosha omzimba akhoyo, kodwa ezi seteli zihanjiswe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zendlela. Ukuxilongwa kunokuba ngumngeni njengoko iimvavanyo zomsebenzi weemiphunga ziqhelekile, kodwa imeko ihlala isabela kwi-steroids engenayo.
Iintlobo eziqhelekileyo zeziNkohlakalo eziqhubekayo kubantwana abaneminyaka yobudala 6 ukuya ku-14
Iimbangela zesibhobho esingapheliyo kumntwana omncinci ungaphaya kwelo nqaku, kodwa izizathu eziqhelekileyo ezibangelwa ngabafundi abaneminyaka engama-6 ukuya kwe-14 ubudala kwisifundo se-2017 zi:
- Isifo se-asthma (nakwahlu lwabantu abadala).
- Iprotected bacterial bronchitis (imbono ye-bracterial bronchitis ehlala ixesha elide ngaphezu kwekhosi "yeminyaka eyi-10 ye-antibiotics" ibonakaliswe nje kutshanje.
- Isifo sokukhupha umkhuhlane we-air ophezulu (kunye nezizathu ezifana nezo zidweliswe kubantu abadala ngaphezulu).
Ezinye izizathu eziqhelekileyo zeCough persistence
- Ukutshaya. Ngelishwa, kunzima ukuhlula "ukukhwehlela komkhuhlane" kwisikhwehlo ngenxa yezinye iimeko ezifana nomhlaza wemiphunga.
- Sulelo. Esinye sezizathu eziqhelekileyo zokuqhoqhozela okuqhubekayo kukukhwehlela okukhawulezayo kokukhwehlela (pertussis) . Abantwana abaye banokugonywa basenokufumana ukukhwehlela kokugqithisa kwaye iziganeko kubantu abadala zikhula. Ehlabathini lonke, isifo sofuba sinesizathu esiqhelekileyo sokukhwehlela okungapheliyo, kwaye iziganeko e-United States zanda, ngakumbi kubafuduki belizwe.
- Amanye amayeza, ingakumbi uhlobo lweziyobisi ezisetyenziselwa ukunyanga uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye nesifo senhliziyo. Amaphesenti angama-10 ukuya kwe-20 abantu abaphathwa nge-ACE inhibitors bahlakulela ukukhwehlela okungapheliyo . Imizekelo ibandakanya iVasotec (i-enalapril) ne-Zestril (lisinopril).
- Ukukhwehlela kwangemva kokusuleleka (isifo se-airway). Ukukhwehlela ngamanye amaxesha kudla ixesha elide kwiiveki ezininzi emva kokusuleleka kwintsholongwane yokuphefumula.
- Bronchitis. I-bronchitis engapheliyo yindlela yeCOPD edla ngokubakho kubantu ababhema kodwa inokuthi idibanise nokuchasana kwendalo kunye nezinye izinto.
Okungaqhelekanga (Kodwa Kubalulekile) Izizathu zeCough persistent
- Umhlaza wemiphunga. Kuphela ezimbini Ipesenti zabantu abanomdlavuza oqhubekayo, umhlaza wesifo somdlavuza yimbangela eyona nto, kwaye iimpawu zesibhobho ezinxulumene nomhlaza wemiphunga kunokuba nzima ukuhlula ukukhwehlela ngenxa yezizathu ezithile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi lwengqekembe, malunga neepesenti ezingama-50 zabantu abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu banomkhuhlane ngexesha lokuxilongwa.
- Ezinye izilonda eziphazamisayo kunye nezifo zamaphaphu. Ukukhwehlela okungapheliyo kwenzeka ngenxa yezinye izicubu esifubeni ezifana ne-lymphomas. Ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo kunokuqhutyelwa ngenxa yeemitha zesifo seemiphunga ezivela kwezinye iisomhlaza ezifana nomhlaza wesifuba, umdlavuza wekolon, umdlavuza wesibeleko kunye nomhlaza wesifo seprotate.
- Izifo ezigugu ezifana ne- emphysema , i- bronchiectasis , ne-sarcoidosis.
- Izifo ezinjenge-fungal ezifana ne-coccidiomycosis, i-histoplasmosis kunye nesifo sofuba.
- Ukufakela into yangaphandle
- Ukumelwa yintliziyo
- Sarcoidosis. I-Sarcoidosis isifo esingaqondi kakuhle apho i-granulomas ifaka kuwo wonke umzimba kuquka nemiphunga. Ngokuqhelekileyo kubangela ukukhwehlela komile.
Kukho izimbangela ezininzi zokukhwehlela okuqhubekayo, kodwa ingongoma ebalulekileyo kukuphawula ukuba kukho isibalo sezizathu kunye nokuhlolwa okucokisekileyo kuyadingeka ukuba ukukhwehlela kwakho kungabi.
Nini ukukhathazeka
Abantu abaninzi banenkxalabo malunga nokukhwehlela okungapheliyo njengesifo somhlaza wamaphaphu , kwaye oku kungesizathu esihle. Phantse isiqingatha sabantu abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu banomdlavuza oqhubekayo ngexesha lokuxilongwa, kunye neepesenti ezimbini zabantu abaza kubagqirha abanomdlavuza ongapheli baya kuba nomdlavuza wamaphaphu.
Okwangoku, ixesha eliphakathi kokuqala kweempawu (ezifana nokukhwehlela okuqhubekayo) kunye nokuxilongwa komhlaza wamaphaphu phantse iinyanga ezili-12, kwaye siyazi ukuba umdlavuza wamaphaphu uphepheka kakhulu kwiinqanaba zokuqala.
Kukho iindlela apho ukukhwehlela komdlavuza wamaphaphu kunokungafani, kodwa inyaniso kukuba kukho ukugqithisa okukhulu, kwaye awukwazi ukuthetha ngokucacileyo kwisikhwehlela yedwa nokuba umntu unomdlavuza wamaphaphu.
Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba i- x-ray isifuba ilula imitha yomhlaza wamaphaphu . Inani elibalulekileyo labantu abafumene unomdlavuza wamaphaphu banomdla "oqhelekileyo" x-ray ngonyaka ophelileyo.
Njengengxelo yokugqibela ngomhlaza wamaphaphu, gcinani engqondweni ukuba abangabhemiyo banomdlavuza wamaphaphu , kunye nomhlaza wesifo samaphaphu angabikho ababhemayo okwangoku kubangelwa yi-6 ekhokelela ekufeni kwabantu abachaphazeleka ngumhlaza e-United States.
Ngexesha lokujonga uDokotela wakho
Kubalulekile ukwenza ukuqeshwa ngugqirha ukuba unomkhwehlela oqhubekayo, nokuba ukholelwa ukuba kukho isizathu sokuchazela ukukhwehlela kwakho, njengokuqhubeka ukutshaya okanye ukuhamba. Ufanele ubizele ugqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza ukuba ufumana intlungu yesifuba, ukuphefumula okufutshane okanye ukukhanya okulula, okanye ukukhwehlela igazi.
Imibuzo ugqirha unokuyibuza iquka:
- Ude ukhahlela ixesha elingakanani?
- Ngaba ukukhwehlela kuye kwanda kakhulu?
- Ngaba ukukhwehlela kuzinzile okanye kufike kwaye kuhambe?
- Ngaba kubi ngakumbi emva kokutya okanye ngaba kubi kakhulu ebusuku?
- Ingqungquthela eyomile, okanye ukukhwehlela i-phlegm (mucus)?
- Ngaba unqabile igazi ?
- Ziziphi ezinye iimpawu oye wazifumana? Ngokomzekelo, umkhuhlane, ukuphefumula okufutshane , iimpawu zokungabikho komzimba, ukuvuthwa , okanye ukulahleka kwesisindo esingachazwanga ?
- Ziziphi ezinye iingxaki zonyango onayo?
- Ngaba kukho nabani na kwintsapho yakho abanempawu ezifanayo? Ngaba unembali yentsapho ye-bronchitis, i-asthma, imphysema, okanye umdlavuza wamaphaphu?
- Ngaba wena, okanye uke waphawula?
- Ngaba uye wavelelwa ngumsi wesithandwa ?
- Yiyiphi imithi oyithathayo (kuquka ukuzaliswa kwemfuyo)?
Vavanyo
Ngokuxhomekeka kubukhulu bekhwehlo lakho, ugqirha wakho uya kuqala ukulawula iimpawu zakho ukwenzela ukuba uzive ukhululekile. Uya kuthi ke ancome iimvavanyo ukuqonda isizathu.
Uza kuqala uthathe imbali echanekileyo, ekucela kuwe malunga nayiphi na ingozi yemimiselo engabangela ukukhwehlela kunye nokuba usanda kuhamba. Iimvavanyo zegazi zingenziwa ukuba zikhangele naziphi na ubungqina bentsholongwane.
I-x-ray isifuba senziwa rhoqo kuqala, kodwa kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba isifuba-sithile singaziphosa ngezinye izizathu zesibalo sokugula. I-CT scan inganika ulwazi olungakumbi xa ukhangela ukubona ukuba kukho naziphi na ubungqina be-tumor okanye intsholongwane. Ukuba unempawu ze-sinusitis, i-CT scan of sinus yakho inganconywa. Ezinye iimvavanyo ezinokucetyiswa ziquka:
- Iimvavanyo zeergia
- ImiSebenzi yokusebenza kwepulmonary ukukhangela izimo zemiphunga njenge-asthma kunye ne-emphysema
- Ukuhlola i-esophageal pH ukuvavanya i-asidi yangoku i-reflux njengeyona nto inokubangela ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo
- I-bronchoscopy ukujonga amaqela angaphandle okanye ukuvavanya indlela ohamba ngayo nge-tumor
- I-Laryngoscopy ukuhlolisisa ibhokhwe yakho nebhokisi yezwi
Unyango
Utyando luya kuxhomekeka kwisizathu esibangeleyo, kunye nezinga apho ukukhwehlela kwakho kukuphazamisa imisebenzi yakho yemihla ngemihla.
ILizwi
Ukuba unomkhuhlane ongapheliyo, ukubaluleka kokutshekishwa ngaphandle akunakugxininiswa ngokwaneleyo. Kungakhathaza, ngakumbi ukuba akukho nto ibonakala ibonakala kwiimvavanyo, kodwa zixhomeke khona. Umkhuhlane ongapheliyo awuqhelekanga.
Fumana uluvo lwesibini ukuba awuva ngathi uvalelwa, okanye ukuba awufumani iimpendulo. Zininzi zezimbangela-ezinye zazo ezinzima ukuyixilonga-yomkhuhlane ongapheli zifuna unyango, kwaye unyango lunokusebenza ngakumbi ukuba le migaqo ifunyenwe kwangaphambili kunokuba ilandele.
> Imithombo:
> Dabrowska, M., Grabczak, E., noM M. Arcimowicz. Iingxaki zeCough Chronicle kwizigulane ezingabhiyiyo. Uphuhliso lwezoMpilo kunye neBiology. 2015. 873: 25-33.
> Damaraju, D., Steiner, T., Wade, J., Gin, K., kunye noMnu FitzGerald. Isizathu Esimangalisa Isiqhamo Esisigxina. I-New England Journal of Medicine. 2015. 4 = 373: 561-566A
> Gibson, P., Wang, G., McGarvey, L., Vertigan, A., Altman, K., noS S. Birring. Unyango lweSikhuhlane esingapheliyo: Isikhokelo se-CHEST kunye neNgxelo yePhaneli yeNgcali. Esifubeni. 2016. 149 (1): 27-44.
> Kasper, uDennis L .., u-Anthony S. Fauci, noStephen L .. Hauser. Iinqununu zeHarrison zeMithi yoPhakathi. ENew York: iMac Graw Hill Education, 2015. Print.
> Michaudet, C., noJ. Malaty. Isikhumba esingapheliyo: Uvavanyo kunye noLawulo. WaseMerika ugqirha . 2017. 96 (9): 575-580.