I-medical-and-pop-culture) i-armadillos
Ekupheleni kukaJulayi 2015, u-Lady Gaga wehla malunga nama-300,000 ayizigidi ezingama-3 kwiibhothi ezintathu ze-armadillo nge-designer fashioner Alexander McQueen. (Kwikhulu elininzi iibini, ezi zibhokisi zenza uLouboutins abukeke njengokuba yiba.) Kukho konke okubonakalayo uGaga wayenomdla ngokuthenga kwakhe - ezuze i-UNICEF - kwaye yayifaneka izibhatshi ezibukeka zifana ne-armadillos. Nangona zibonakala, kunjalo, iibhothi azenziwanga nge-armadillos.
Kubonakala ngathi, zakhiwa kwi-python isikhumba kunye nemithi. Ekuqaleni, iibhothi zithengwa kwi-$ 10,000 nganye.
Ukuthengwa kukaDame Gaga kwangenza ndicinga malunga ne-armadillos kunye nokubaluleka kwezokwelapha. Ngokukodwa, i-armadillos yiyo kuphela iindidi ezingaphandle kwezinto eziqhelekileyo ezikulo Mobacterium leprae , ibhaktheriya ebangela iqhenqa okanye isifo sikaHansen .
IArmadillos zizilwanyana ezifumaneka eMzantsi Melika, eMntla Merika, nasezantsi-mpuma ye-United States. I-Armadillos malunga nobungakanani beekati, kwaye ngokwemiqathango yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, iyafana ne-sloths kunye nezixhobo zokudlala. I-Armadillos inemilenze emfutshane, i-claws kwaye igxininiswe kwinqabileyo engaphandle okanye i-carapace.
Phantse kwiminyaka engama-40 edlulileyo, abaphandi ababini ababizwa ngokuba yiKiriimimer no-Storrs bafumene ukuba i-armadillos engama-9, efumaneka e-United States, inokusuleleka ngeqhenqa kwaye yenza imizekelo emihle yokuhlola uphenyo.
I-Armadillos yenza imizekelo emihle yokuhlola malunga neqhenqa ngezizathu ezininzi.
Okokuqala, zinkulu kwaye zinexesha elide lokuphila. Okwesibini, izinga lokushisa komzimba liphantsi, kwaye i- Myobacterium leprae ineziqhamo zokushisa okushisa okuchaza ukuba kutheni i-leprosy ichaphazela iminwe neminwe yabantu. (Iminwe yakho kunye neenzwane zipholile kunomso wakho.) Okwesithathu, njengabantu, i- Myobcaterium leprae inokuhlasela iintsholongwane zamathambo kwi-armadillos kwaye ngaloo ndlela zenze umonakalo omkhulu kunye nomonakalo wemoto.
EUnited States, malunga neengxaki ezingama-100 zeqhenqa zifunyaniswa ngamnye ngonyaka-ikakhulukazi eMzantsi, eCalifornia naseHawaii. Ingaba kukho naziphi na iimeko ezichaphazelekayo kwi-armadillos zixhomekeka; Nangona kunjalo, iimeko zentsholongwane ezayo eFlorida, apho i-armadillos ihlala khona, inabantu abathintekayo. Enyanisweni, ezinye iingcali zikholelwa ukuba ukuya kuma-64 ekhulwini amatyala enqhenqa e-United States kubangelwa ukutyhila kwi-armadillos. Ngaloo ndlela, mhlawumbi inengcamango enhle yokuyeka kude ne-armadillos.
Iqhenqa ayithethi, kwaye kuthatha ixesha elide ukuphuhlisa isifo-naphi na ukususela kwiminyaka emi-2 ukuya kwe-10. Abantwana abonakaliswe ixesha elide kumalungu entsapho abaxakekayo abaninzi be-bacilli baninzi. Ingqalelo, iqhenqa lisasazeka ngeemfihlelo zamanzi. Iqhenqa ifunyanwa ngophulaphulo lwesikhumba kunye ne-biopsy.
Nazi ezinye iimpawu zeklinikhi zecrothe:
- izilonda zesikhumba okanye izilonda ezinobumba ngaphezu kombala ojikelezileyo;
- ukuphazamiseka kwezandla, iinyawo, imilenze kunye neengalo;
- buthathaka.
Ngenxa yokuba iqhenqa ludla izibilini, izilonda zesikhumba eziqhelekileyo zesifo asinalo uvakalelo ekuthinteni, intlungu kunye nokushisa. Ngaphezu koko, ezi zilonda zesikhumba aziphilisa.
Iqhenqa ivela ngeendlela ezimbini: i- tuberculoid kunye ne- lepromatous . Ukuxilongwa kwelolu hlobo lweqhenqa lusekwe kwi-Lepromin test test.
Nangona zombini iindidi zenza izilonda, iqhenqa lepromatous linxulumene nesifo esibi kakhulu. Ngokukodwa, abantu abanefayili yeqhenqa bangaqhubeka nokuvalelwa komonakalo omkhulu kunye nesisiphako (ukulahlekelwa kwezandla kunye neenyawo).
Isitshixo sonyango oluphumelelayo lweqhenqa kubandakanya ukuxilongwa kwangaphambili. Ngonyango lokuqala, ubunzima kunye nokusasazeka kwesi sifo kuncitshiswa, kwaye umntu onesi sifo angaphila ubomi obuphilileyo.
Nangona ezinye iintlobo zeMyobacterium leprae zichasene neziyobisi, ezibeka ingozi ekhethekileyo phakathi kwala mazwe aphuhlisayo apho iqhenqa landa kakhulu, uninzi lwabantu lunokuphathwa ngempumelelo kwesi sifo.
Ukongezelela, abantu kwiinkqubo zonyango lwexesha elide abanakho ukusulela abanye.
Nazi ezinye ii-antibiotics ezisetyenziselwa unyango lweqhenqa:
- i-dapsone (unyango wokuqala)
- rifampin
- clofazimine
- clarithomycin
- minocyclin
- i-fluoroquinolones
Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuhlanganiswa kwezi antibiotics kusetyenziswa ukunyanga iqhenqa, kwaye umntu onoqhenqa ufuna iminyaka emininzi yokonyango. Ingqalelo, ukuvuvukala okuhamba neqhenqa kuphathwa nge-aspirin, i-steroids, kunye ne-thalidomide.
Qiniseka ukuba, amathuba okuba uhlakulele iqhenqa - nangona ufanele uhlangabezane ne-armadillo ephosakeleyo-aphantsi. Ngaphezu koko, sinenhlanhla ukuba akusayi kubahlukanisa abantu abaneqhenqa kwiikoloni ezinoqhenqa. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ufanele uvelise iimpawu ezibonisa ukuqhenqa, qhagamshelana nodokotela ngokukhawuleza.
Imithombo ekhethiweyo
Isiqendu esithi "I-armadillo njengemodeli yezilwanyana kunye nemithombo yamanzi ye-Myobacterium leprae" nguG Balamayooran kunye nababhali-mbhali abapapashwe kwiiklinikhi kwiDermatology ngo-2015. Ukufikelela ngomhla we-7/29/2015.
I-Brooks GF, uCarroll KC, i-Butel JS, i-Morse SA, i-Mietzner TA. Isahluko 23. I-Mycobacteria. Ku: Brooks GF, Carroll KC, Butel JS, Morse SA, Mietzner TA. eds. Jawetz, Melnick, & Adelberg's Medical Microbiology, 26e . New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2013. Kufumaneka ngoJulayi 29, 2015.