Ukuxuba izibungu zityhila isifo seChagas.
Ngomhla ka-2015, ukukhwabanisa kwesibindi kwandipha amaninzi amaninzi aseMerika eMzantsi. Nangona ukukhwabanisa izigulane ziyaziwa ngokubangela isifo seChagas eMzantsi naseMntla eMerika, iingxelo malunga nokusuleleka e-US zazingekho nto. Nangona kunjalo, ngoku kubonakala ngathi ezi zinambuzane ezinobungozi ziyenze indlela yazo.
Ziyintoni Izinto Zokugwaza?
Ukukhwabanisa iibhugi zihlobo lwe-triatomine okanye i-bug reduviid engakwazi ukuthwala i-parasite ebizwa ngokuthi i- Trypanosoma cruzi (T.
Cruzi). Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba akuzona zonke iibhugi zokubanga eziseT . Cruzi . Iintlobo ezilishumi elinanye zeentlobo ze-triatomine zifunyenwe kumazantsi e-United States, kuquka iFlorida, iTexas, neCalifornia. Ngokubanzi, izibhugi zokubanga zifumaneka kwiindawo ezingama-28.
Izibungulu ze-Triatomine zihlwa zize zondle kwigazi lezilwanyana (abantu), iintaka kunye nezilwanyana ezinwabuzelayo. Ukuxuba amabhugi kufumana igama labo kuba badla ngokuluma emlonyeni womntu olele. Emva kokusondla, ukukrazula kwezimbungulu kungakhankanya kwi-host host. Xa umntu ehlaba umlingo kwi-bug ebangayo, le ngxube, equlethe i-parasite T. Cruzi, ifakwa kwi-blood flow, ize igulele umphathi wesifo se-Chagas (oko kukuthi, i-trypanosomiasis yaseMelika). Ngaphandle koko, ukuba ibhokhwe yokumangala idibanisa okanye ikufuphi i-membrane ye-mucus njengeliso okanye umlomo, uT. Cruzi angenza indlela yayo emzimbeni kwi-membrane ye-mucus.
Ngokutsho kwabaphandi beChagas e-Texas A & M yeYunivesithi:
Usulelo lwe-Trypanosoma cruzi lunokubangela isifo seChagas kubantu, izinja kunye nezinye izilwanyana. Ukukhwabanisa iibhugi kunokudlulisa i-parasite ngokusingatha kwaye ngokukhawuleza kukuchasene kufuphi nesiza sokuluma. Ama-parasites ahlala kwindlela yokugaya izigulane kwaye achithe kwi-bug feces. Xa i-infecous bug fecal impahla ihlalutya iimbumba ezinqamlekileyo okanye indawo ye-bug bite kwisilwanyana esisinyama, ukudluliselwa kwe-parasite kunokwenzeka ... I-parasite inokudluliselwa ebandleni, ngokuxilongwa kwegazi kunye nokutshintshwa kwezitho ezikhuselweyo.
Ngethamsanqa kwalabo bantu abancinciweyo ngokukrakra izigulane, ukuhanjiswa kweT. Cruzi ukuya kwi-host circulation is aqhelekileyo. Ngamanye amagama, ngenxa yokuba utywa yi-bug kiss akuthethi ukuba uya kuhlakulela isifo seChagas.
Ukuxuba iibhugi zihlala zihlala kwiindawo zokuhlala kunye nezinye izakhiwo kunye nezinye izakhiwo. Ezi zigubu zivame ukufunyanwa kwizindlu ezingenakunzima ezithwele i-rodest infestation. Ezi zimbungulu zifumaneka kwakhona phantsi kweemitha, kwi-coops yenkukhu, kwiinja zeenja, kwiintonga zamatye, kwiimfumba zokhuni okanye ngokuxubha, ngaphantsi kwee-porch, njalonjalo.
Ukuxuba izibungu kufana nezinye izinto ezininzi ze-triatomine nezigulane kwaye zivame ukudideka kunye nezigulane kunye nezigulane zamasondo, zombini ezingasondli igazi legazi kwaye azifaki isifo seCasgas. Ingqalelo, ngokungafani nezinye iimbumbulu ezibukeka ezifanayo, ukuxaka izibhugi zihlala ngaphakathi ngaphakathi.
Izifo zeChagas
Unyaka ngamnye, malunga nabantu abayizigidi ezisixhenxe emhlabeni jikelele (ikakhulukazi eLatin America) banesifo sesifo seCasgas. Kwinkoliso yabantu, ukusuleleka kukuzimeleleka (kuhamba ngokwakho) kwaye isombululo emva kweenyanga ezimbini.
Izibonakaliso eziqhelekileyo zentsholongwane echaphazelekayo nesifo seChagas ziquka oku kulandelayo:
- Fever
- Iqumrhu lisebenza
- Ukuvuvukala kweenkophe
- Ukuvuvukala kwindawo yokuluma
- Intloko
- Pallor
- Iintlungu zesifuba
- Intlungu zesisu
- Ukuvuvukala kwe-lymph nodes (lymphadenopathy)
Abanye abantu abanesifo sikaT. Cruzi abakhombisi iimpawu zesifo esibi. Nangona kunjalo, ngaphantsi kwesigamu sabasulelekileyo bafumana iimpawu zesifo esingapheliyo. Ezi zimpawu ziyakubhubhisa kwaye zibandakanya oku kulandelayo:
- Intliziyo engavamile engabangela ukufa ngokukhawuleza
- Inhliziyo ekhulisiweyo engabangela ukuhluleka kwentliziyo
- Ukuxilwa kwe-colon kunye nesifo sokubangela okubangelwa iingxaki zokugonya
- Ukwanda komngcipheko wesifo
- Umngcipheko ophezulu we-aneurysm
Ukuze ukhusele ezo nkathazo ezisongela ubomi, kubalulekile ukuba isifo se-Chagas siphathwe ngexesha lesiganeko.
Ukuba kuthathwa ngokukhawuleza, izidakamizwa zokulwa ne-antiparasitic ezifana ne-benznidazole kunye ne-nifurtimox ziphantse kwi-100 ekhulwini ekuphatheni isifo seChagas. Nangona kunjalo, ukusebenza kwabo kunciphisa abantu abaye banesifo sesifo seChagas ixesha elithile. Utyando ngala mayeza luhlala malunga neenyanga ezimbini, kwaye abafazi abakhulelweyo kunye nabantu abanezintso okanye ukuhluleka kwesibindi akufanele bathathe la mayeza.
Ukuthintela izifo zeChagas
Ukuba uhlala kwindawo apho kutholakala khona izibhungulu zokubanga (oko kukuthi, zikhona), ungathatha amanyathelo okuthintela alandelayo ukunciphisa amandla akho okutyhila kwisifo seCasgas:
- Fumana umtshatyalali ukuba uphefle indlu ngeinambuzane
- Yenza uphuculo lwekhaya ukuzalisa i-nooks kunye namagrannies apho iimbombo zivame ukuzifihla
- Gcina ucoceko olulungileyo ngokubhekiselele ekugcinweni kokutya nokusetyenziswa
- Gcina indawo yokulala ehlambulukileyo
- Gcina indawo ehlambulukileyo yezilwanyana ezifuywayo
Ukuba uyakrokreka ukuba zakho ziye zavezwa kumabhugs kunye nokusuleleka kwi-Chagas sifo, qhagamshelana nodokotela ngokukhawuleza kwaye umxelele ngokukhathazeka kwakho. Nceda ukhumbule ukuba unyango lwe-Chagas sifunekile xa luqalisiwe ekuqaleni kweso sifo sesifo.
Imithombo
Kirchhoff LV, uRassi A, Jr. Chagas Izifo kunye neTaypanosomiasis yaseAfrika. Ku: Kasper D, Fauci A, Hauser S, uLongo D, Jameson J, Loscalzo J. eds. Iinqununu zeHarrison ze-Internal Medicine, 19e . New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2015.
I-Texas A & M yeYunivesithi yezoLimo nezoBomi kwiSayensi. Ukugubha iMiggs & Chagas.