Isifo Sokuzenzekelayo nge-Autoimmune Disorder ye-System ye-Nervous System
I-Guillain-Barré Syndrome (ebizwa ngokuba yiGeel-on okanye ngezinye iiGee-yon Barr-ay) ibhekisela kwiqela leengxaki ezikhokelela ekubuthathaka kwamasipha, ukulahleka kwintlungu, i- dysautonomias , okanye ukuhlanganiswa kwezi zintathu. I-Guillain-Barré syndrome (i-GBS) yintlupheko yokuzimela kwenkqubo ye-nervous system, oku kuthetha ukuba umzimba we-immune system uhlasela iintsholongwane ezingaphandle kwengqondo kunye nomgudu wempuphu.
Akuqhelekanga, kuthintela omnye okanye ababini ngabantu abayi-100,000.
Ukuze uqonde indlela uGuilin-Barré eyonakalisa ngayo inkqubo yeentlanzi, kubalulekile ukuqonda ngokucacileyo malunga nendlela amangqamuzana enesibindi asebenza ngayo ngokuqhelekileyo. Umzimba weseli yentsholongwane yendawo yomhlaba iphakathi okanye ngokusondele kakhulu kumgca wesipelini. Inzwa iyakuthetha ngokuthumela impawu phantsi kwexesha elide, elincinci elibizwa ngokuba yi-axon. Ezi i-axons zithumela iimpawu ukusuka emzimbeni weselonda lesiswini ukuya kwiimisipha ukuze zenze isivumelwano semisipha kwaye zithumele iimpawu ezisuka kwiimvumi zentsholongwane kumzimba weseli ukuze sikwazi ukuziva.
Kungakunceda ukucinga nge-axon njengowomnxeba othumela iziphumo zombane okanye kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba. Njengeengcingo, amanqwanqwa amaninzi asebenza kangcono xa ajikelezwe ukuxhoma.
Esikhundleni seengubo zerabha ezigubha iingcingo zombane, ii-axon ezininzi zihlanganiswe kwi-myelin. I-Myelin yenziwe ngamaseli e-glial axhasa i-axon ye-nerve.
Ezi zisele ze-glial zikhusela kwaye zondla i-axon, kunye nokuncedisa isantya sombane ojikelezayo.
Nangona i-axon engabonakaliyo idinga i-ions ukugeleza ngaphakathi nangaphandle kobude obude be-axon, i-axon i-myelinated ifuna kuphela ukuba le nerve yenza oku kumaphuzu akhethiweyo. Ezi ngongoma zibizwa ngokuba ngama-nodes, apho i-myelin ikhele khona ukuvumela ion iqhume.
Ngokwenene, kunokuba ujikeleze ubude obude be-axon, uphawu lwegesi luhamba ngokukhawuleza ukusuka kwi-node ukuya kwi-node, ukukhawulezisa izinto kunye.
Indlela uGuilin-Barré Syndrome eqhubeka ngayo
I-Guillain-Barré Syndrome ibangelwa ngumzimba wokhuseleko lomzimba ohlasela iimbilini zomhlaba. Inyaniso yokuba i-syndrome ngokuqhelekileyo ivela emva kokusulelwa isifo (okanye ngokugqithiseleyo, emva kokugonywa) kuye kwasenza sikrokre ukuba kwinqanaba le-molecular, ezinye izifo ezithathelwanayo zibukeka njengenxalenye yesimiso senzwa. Oku kubangela ukuba i-immune system iphosakele ukuba yiyiphi iimbilini ze-peripheral, icinga ukuba iinxalenye zesibindi zisesifo. Ngenxa yoko, i-immune system ikhupha ama-antibodies ahlasela iinjongo ze-peripheral.
Indlela uGillain-Barré Syndrome ayichaphazela ngayo umntu ngamnye kuxhomekeke apho iindawo zokulwa nezifo zihlasela. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, uGuilin-Barré mhlawumbi uyicinga njengentsapho yeengxaki, ezinokubangela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeengxaki.
I-Acid Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (AIDP) yincwadana eqhelekileyo kaGuillain-Barré, kwaye yintoni na ogqirha abaninzi bacinga ukuba igama elithi "Guillain-Barré" lisetyenziswe nini. Kwi-AIDP, iintsholongwane azihlaseli iiseli zesibindi ngokuthe ngqo, kodwa kunoko, zonakalise iiseli zenkxaso ye-glial ezungeze i-axon ye-nerve.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, oku kukhokelela ekutshintsheni kwintsholongwane kunye nobuthathaka obuqala kwizinzwane nasezintweni kwaye zisasazeka phezulu, zibuhlungu ngaphezu kwimiba yeentsuku ukuya kwiiveki. Abantu abanoGuillain-Barré nabo banokuva ubunzima obubuhlungu kwiindawo zabo ezibuthathaka kunye nasemva. Njengamaqela amaninzi kaGuillain-Barre, amabini omabili omzimba athambekele ngokulinganayo kwi-AIDP.
Ngoxa i-AIDP yona hlobo oluqhelekileyo likaGuillain-Barré, baninzi abanye. Ezi ziquka ezi zilandelayo.
I-Motor Acute ne-Sensory Axonal Neuropathy (AMSAN)
Kwi-AMSAN, izikhuselo ze-antibodies zonakalisa i-axon ngokuthe ngqo endaweni ye-myelin. Benza oku ngokuhlasela ama-nodes apho i-myelin iphula khona ukuvumela utshintshiselwano lwe-ion olwandisa uphawu lwegesi.
I-AMSAN ingaba nobudlova, ngezinye iinkalo iimpawu ziqhubela phambili ukukhubazeka ngokupheleleyo kwisithuba semini okanye ezimbini. Ukongezelela, ukubuyiswa kwe-AMSAN kunokuthatha unyaka okanye ngaphezulu. Esikhundleni sokubuyiselwa okupheleleyo, akuqhelekanga ukuba abantu abane-AMSAN babe neengxaki ezihlala zihlala njalo, ezinjengeenkwenkwezi okanye ukunyaniseka kwiminwe yabo.
I-Axonal Neuropathy (AMAN)
Ku-AMAN, kuphela ukunyakaza kwamagulane okulawulwa kwentsholongwane echaphazelekayo, ngoko akukho nto igugu. Abantu bavame ukuphucula ngokukhawuleza nakwe-AMAN kunezinye iifomu zikaGuillain-Barré.
Miller-Fisher Variant
I-Guillain-Barré ibaluleke kakhulu xa itshintsha indlela esiphefumula ngayo okanye siyikhusele. Uhlobo lweMiller-Fisher lukaGuillain-Barré, ubuso kunye namehlo ahlaselwa kuqala. Ukulahleka kolawulo lwemisipha yomqala kungenza kube nzima ukugwinya ngaphandle kokutya okanye umatha ukuya emaphapheni, ukwandisa umngcipheko we-infections kunye ne-choking. Nangona zonke iifomu zikaGuillain-Barré zifuna ukuqapha okufutshane ukuba zibone ukuba isigulane sidinga ukuba singeniswe okanye sibeke kwi- ventilation mechanical , i-variant Miller-Fisher idinga ingqwalasela ingakumbi.
I-Panautonomic Neuropathy
Iintlobo ezininzi ze-Guillain-Barré zithintela inkqubo ye-nervous autonomic ngendlela ethile, okubangelwa ukulahleka kolawulo lwemisebenzi efana nokuthuthumela, izinga lentliziyo, ukushisa, kunye negazi. I-panautonomic neuropathy ecacileyo yinto engabonakaliyo apho ukunyakaza kunye nokuziva kushiywe, kodwa imisebenzi yokuzimela ilahlekile. Oku kunokukhokelela ekukhanyeni , kwi- cordiac arrhythmias , nangaphezulu.
Uphawu oluqhelekileyo lukaGuillain-Barré lulahlekelwa ngamandla kangangokuba ngamanye amaxesha luquka ukulahlekelwa kwintliziyo kunye nokulawulwa kokuzimela. Nangona uninzi lwama-neuropathies oludlulileyo luba nzima ngaphezu kwenyanga ukuya kwiminyaka, u-Guillain-Barré utshintsha iintsuku kunye namaxesha amaxesha. Ngenxa yokuba u-Guillain-Barré unokukhokelela ebuthathaka obunzima kangangokuba umntu ohluphekileyo akanakukwazi ukuphefumula ngokwabo, kubalulekile ukuba ufumane uncedo ngokukhawuleza xa ubona ezi zimpawu.
Umthombo
I-Yuen T. Ngoko, i-Continuum: I-Peripheral Neuropathies, i-Immune-Mediated Neuropathies, uMqulu 18, iNombolo 1, ngoFebruwari 2012
Braunwald E, Fauci ES, et al. Iinqununu zeHarrison zeMithi yoPhakathi. 16th. 2005.