Ukujonga ngokubanzi kwindlela enye ebaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni wakho
Inkqubo yeentlanzi enye yezona ndawo ezintle kakhulu zomzimba womzimba. Inkqubo yakho yeentlanzi ithatha lonke ulwazi kwihlabathi elikujikelezile kwaye ithumela umyalezo kwimisipha yakho, ikuvumela ukuba wenze indlela yakho ehlabathini. Inkqubo yakho ye-neon autonomic ilawula kwakhona yonke imisebenzi yakho ebalulekileyo, ininzi apho ungayiqondi kakuhle.
Ngamafutshane, kukugcina uphila.
Nangona kunokuziva ngathi ukuxhaswa okubalulekileyo kwimizimba yakho kungabonakali ngokuklanywa, mhlawumbi into enhle ukuba inkqubo yakho ye-neon autonomic iphuma ekulawuleni kwakho. Ukuba uwela xa ufunda ukuhamba, unokuzilimaza okwesikhashana, kodwa ngokubanzi ufunda indlela yokuzikhethela kwaye uqale kwakhona. Ngaba unokucinga ukuba ufanele ufunde indlela yokukhawuleza intliziyo yakho nanini na kufuneka? Okanye ukuba uyeke ukuphefumla rhoqo xa ulala?
Njengazinto ezininzi ezithatyathwa ngokungagunyazisiyo, ukubaluleka kwenkqubo ye-nervous autonomic ngokukhawuleza kuqondwa xa kukho into engalunganga. Nangona izifo ezimbalwa zihlasela inkqubo ye-nervous autonomic yedwa, phantse zonke izifo zonyango zinempembelelo ekuzimele. Ukuze ukwazi ukuqonda ngokupheleleyo izifo kunye nempilo, kubalulekile ukwazi indlela inkqubo ye-nervous autonomic isebenza ngayo.
I-Autonomic System yeNervous Anatomy
Inkqubo yakho ye-nervousic nervous ihlala phantse ngaphandle kwenkqubo ye-nervous central kwaye iquka izingxenye ezibini eziphambili: inxalenye ye-craniosacral (i-parasympathetic), kunye ne-thoracolumbar inxenye (uvelwano).
Ngamanye amaxesha bacinga ukuba bayaphambana nomnye, ekugqibeleni bebetha ibhalansi emzimbeni. I-parasympathetic inxulumene nokuphumula, ukugaya, kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo kuthatha lula. Uvelwano lujongene nokuphendula "ukulwa okanye ukundiza".
Enye yezinto ezithakazelisayo malunga nenkqubo ye-nervous autonomic, okokuba, ngaphandle kweyodwa, iimbulunga zidibanisa kwi-clump yeentsholongwane ezibizwa ngokuba yi-ganglion ngaphambi kokuba isigidimi sithunyelwe kwiziko elijoliswe kuyo, njenge-salivary gland.
Oku kuvumela enye inqanaba lokunxibelelana nokulawula.
I-Parasympathetic
Iimbilini ezininzi ze-system ye-nerveous autonomic system ziqala kwi-nuclei kwi-brainstem yakho. Ukusuka apho, bahamba ngeentsimbi ezinjenge-vagus nerve, ephosa intliziyo yesantya, okanye i-oculomotor nererve, eyenza umfundi. I-parasympathetic yintoni eyenza amehlo akho aqhekeze kwaye umlomo wakho uphawule. Enye i-parasympathetic iphelisa kwiindonga zezitho zengqondo zesisu kunye nesisu esisisigxina, isicathulo sesisu, i-pharynx, intliziyo, i-pancreas, gallbladder, i-kidney, ne-ureter. I-sacral i-parasympathetic synapse kwi-ganglia kwiindonga zekholoni, isilonda kunye nezinye izitho zeplavic.
U velwano
Iimfomfesane ezivakalayo zenkqubo ye-nervous autonomic ziphuma kwinqanaba le-lateral of your spinal cord apho bafumana ulwazi kwiindawo ezithile zobuchopho ezifana ne-brainstem kunye ne- hypothalamus . Iifibers zigijima zivela kwi-synapses kwi-ganglia nje ngaphandle kwekholam yomgca kwiimfuno zazo, ngokuqhelekileyo kunye nemithambo yegazi. Ngokomzekelo, iimbilini ezinesihawu ezithinta amehlo akho ekuphenduleni ubumnyama okanye usongelo oluphuma emlonyeni womgogodla entanyeni yakho kunye ne-synapse kwi-ganglion ebizwa ngokuba yi-ganglion enobubele, ugijime kwi-artery carotid ebusweni nasweni.
Ezi zinto zinika iimbilini kwizitho zangasese zomzimba zesisu kunye neentloko ze-pelvic, kunye neenwele zezinwele, izigulane zomthunzi kunye nokunye.
I-Autonomic Neurotransmitters
Iinkqubo zeentlanzi zixhunyaniswe ngabathunywa beekhemikhali ababizwa ngokuba ngama-neurotransmitters. Ama-neurotransmitter afana ne-acetylcholine kunye ne-norepinephrin ngokukodwa ayenaxanduva lokunxibelelana kwinkqubo yakho ye-nervous system. Kuzo zombini izicwangciso zokuzimela nokuzivelisa kwenkqubo yokuzimela, i-acetylcholine ikhishwa kwinqanaba le-ganglia. I-acetylcholine receptors kwi-ganglia i-nicotinic kwaye ingavalwa ngamachiza afana ne-curare. Kodwa i-neurotransmitters ihluke, nangona kunjalo, xa iiseliti ze-nerve zifikelela kwiinjongo.
Kwiinkqubo zesifo se-nervympathetic, i-postganglionic receptors kwizitho ezinjengezondlo zesisu zibizwa ngokuba yi-muscarinic kwaye zithinteka kwiziyobisi ezifana ne-atropine.
Ngokwahlukileyo, i-neurons ebonisa ukuvalela i-post-ganglion ikhulula kuphela i-norepinephrine, ngaphandle kweengxuma ze-sweat kunye ne-muscle ephazamisayo kwimithambo yegazi, apho i-acetylcholine isasetyenziswa. I-norepinephrine ekhutshwe yi-neurons ye-post-ganglionic yahlasela i-receptors ebizwa ngokuba yi-adrenergic yentsapho ye-receptors. Kukho ezimbini iindidi eziphambili ze-adrenergic receptors, i-alpha, kunye ne-beta, nganye leyo inezigaba ezingezantsi kunye neendawo ezihlukeneyo zonyango kwaye zinokusetyenziswa ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zamachiza.
UkuLawula Igazi
Uxinzelelo lwegazi ngumzekelo omhle wendlela uvelwano kunye neengxaki ze-nervous system ezisebenza kunye kunye nomzimba. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kukho izinto ezimbini ezibalulekileyo ezibangela ukuba uxinzelelo lwegazi lukhuphuke: Ijubane kunye namandla enhliziyo yakho yokupompa, kunye nokuncinci kwemithambo yegazi emzimbeni wakho. Xa inkqubo yesantya ivelisa, intliziyo yakho iphoqa ngokukhawuleza kwaye ngokukhawuleza, imithwalo yegazi ye-peripheral isancinci kwaye ixinile, kwaye uxinzelelo lwegazi luya kuphakama. Ngokwahlukileyo, inkqubo ye-parasympathetic yenza ukuba intliziyo ivule intsimbi kwaye ivule imithwalo yegazi yomda wegazi, kubangela ukuba uxinzelelo lwegazi luwele.
Khawucinge ukuba ume ngokukhawuleza emva kokuhlala kwindawo ehleli ixesha elide. Iimbini ze-receptors zithintela uxinzelelo kwiindonga zengcinezelo yegazi kwi-carotid sinus kunye ne-aortic arch kwaye uthumele imiyalezo kwi-brainstem, ephendula ngokufanelekileyo ngokunyusa uxinzelelo lwegazi.
Kwezinye iimeko, unokufuna ukuba uxinzelelo lwegazi luvuke ngenxa yokuba, usho, uloyiko olushushu. Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukuqhuba, ubuchopho bakho bubukele ibhere kwaye buthumela imiyalezo kwi-hypothalamus yakho ukulungiselela umzimba wakho ukuba ushukume. Uvalo luvulwe, intliziyo iqala ukunyuka, kwaye uxinzelelo lwegazi luqala ukunyuka.
Nangona kukho ezinye iinkqubo ezingakwazi ukulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi, ezifana nee-hormone, ezi zihamba ngokuthe gqolo kwaye ziphuze, kungekho nje ngezo zilawulwe ngqo ngokusetyenziswa kwe-system ye-nervous system.
Indlela yokuLawula i-Autonomic yeNervous System yakho
Kuba ininzi kuthi, inkqubo ye-nervous system iyabikho ekulawuleni kwethu. Nangona kunjalo, i-cortex yengqondo yakho, ngokuqhelekileyo inxulumene nengcamango eyaziwayo, inokutshintsha inkqubo yakho ye-nerveous autonomic kwinqanaba elithile. Kwi-cerebrum, i-insula, i-cortex yangaphambili ye-cortex, i-substantia innominata, i-amygdala kunye ne-corrox ye-preferenceal inxibelelwano kunye ne-hypothalamus ukuchaphazela inkqubo yakho ye-neon autonomic. Kwi-brainstem, i-nucleus tractus solitarius yinkqubo esemthethweni yolawulo lwe-system ye-nervous system, ukuthumela igalelo ngokubanzi ngeentsimbi ze-IX ne-X.
Ngenxa yokuba i-cortex ixhunyaniswe kwinkqubo ye-nervous autonomic, ungakwazi ukulawula inkqubo yakho ye-nervousic nervous effort, ngokukodwa nangokwenza okuthile. Abantu abaqeqeshwe kakhulu, njengabasebenzi be-yoga abaphambili, banokukwazi ukunciphisa inqanaba lentliziyo yabo okanye balawule ukushisa komzimba wabo ngokusebenzisa iindlela zokucamngca. Nangona kunjalo, ininzi lethu, sigxininisa kwizinto eziphumayo kunokuba zixinzeleleke, okanye zithatha umoya ophezulu xa ubona inkqubo yakho yokukhathazeka ibangela ukuqhuma ngokukhawuleza okanye ukukhathazeka, kunokuzisa inkqubo yakho ye-nervympathetic ye-nervous back to degree lawulo.
Imithombo
- I-Adams kunye neMigaqo yeVictor ye-Neurology, 9th: I-McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2009.
- I-Blumenfeld H, i-Neuroanatomy ngokusebenzisa iiKliniki zeeKliniki. I-Sunderland: Abapapashi be-Sinauer Associates 2002.