Ukuba ingqondo yinkampani, i-hypothalamus yayiya kuba yinto enjenge-"Utilities" isebe. Ngelixa ubuninzi bekhredithi kunye nokuqwalasela kuya kwiindawo zobuchopho ezithetha, ukudala, nokwenza, i-hypothalamus inoxanduva lokushushumbisa, ukuhamba kwamanzi kunye nezinye izinto ezisisiseko ezigcina yonke inkqubo isebenza.
Umsebenzi oyintloko we-hypothalamus unokufingqwa ngegama elithi homeostasis, oku kuthetha ukugcina imeko yangaphakathi yomzimba njengento rhoqo.
I-hypothalamus isigcina sishushu, siyabanda kakhulu, sinqabile, siyaphantsi, sinxanwe, njalo njalo.
Nangona i-hypothalamus ngokuqhelekileyo ixanduva lokusigcina kwindawo ezinzileyo, kukho amaxesha apho eli lizwe lifuna ukutshintsha. Xa kusesikweni esichengeni ubomi, usenokungacingi ukuba ucinge ngendlela olambile ngayo. Inkqubo yesigxina, echaphazelekayo ngentshukumo, inxibelelana ngokusondeleyo kunye ne-hypothalamus, eyenza ukuba utshintsho oluthile oluhambelana neemvakalelo ezithile. I-amygdala inxibelelwano ngokutsha kunye ne-hypothalamus ngeendlela ezimbini ezibalulekileyo. Eminye imimandla ye-cortex, efana ne- corbitx ye-orbitofrontal , i-insula, i-cortices yangaphambili kunye neyortical yangaphakathi inxibelelana kunye ne-hypothalamus.
Iingingqi ze Hypothalamus
Njengazo zonke iingqondo, iindawo ezahlukeneyo ze hypothalamus zenza imisebenzi eyahlukileyo. Ezi ndawo ziyakwazi ukuxhamla ngoqhagamshelwano lwabo bonke ubuchopho.
Ngokomzekelo, i-hypothalamus ihlukaniswe ngesiqingatha ngephepha lephepha elimhlophe elibizwa ngokuba yi-fornix, ephuma phambi kwe-hypothalamus ngasemva. Iindawo ze hypothalamus ezikufuphi ngaphakathi kwengqondo (icala eliphakathi) lithetha ngokunxulumene nenxalenye ye-amygdala ngenye enye ipheshana elibizwa ngokuba yi-stria terminalis.
I-amygdala inceda ukubonakalisa ukwesaba, kwaye umbandela we-hypothalamus ubandakanyeka kwimpendulo "yokulwa-okanye-indiza", umzekelo ngokunciphisa ukutya. Akukho xesha lokuphumla kunye nokutya xa uzimisele ukuqhuba ubomi bakho!
Icala le-hypothalamus elisondeleyo ngaphandle kwengqondo (kwicala elingaphandle) linempembelelo echasene nesondlo. Ngenxa yokuba le ndawo ibalulekile ekuvuseleleni ukutya, izilonda kule ndawo zingakhokelela ekunciphiseni umzimba. Le ndawo ibaluleke kakhulu ekomeni, njengoko izilonda zesigaba esingaphambili zingakhokelela ekunciphiseni kwamanzi ukungenisa.
Ukusebenza kwe-hypothalamus kukwahlukana ukusuka phambili ukuya ngasemva. Ngokomzekelo, iinxalenye zangaphandle ze-hypothalamus zibonakala zibandakanya ukupholisa umzimba ngokunyusa ukuhamba kwegazi ukuya kwesikhumba kwaye kubangele ukujuluka kuveliswe. Umva we-hypothalamus uthinteke ngakumbi ekugcineni umzimba ufudumele.
Ukongeza, i-hypothalamus inoxanduva lokulawula umjikelezo wethu wendalo wokuvuka nokulala. I -nucleus ye-suprachiasmatic phambi kwe-hypothalamus isebenza njengeholide lethu langaphakathi, lisenza siyazi xa ilala. Le nxalenye yengqondo ixhomekeke kwimimandla ekhanyayo eyenza i-clock yangaphakathi yangaphakathi.
I-Hypothalamus "Ithetha" njani kwiBhunga?
I-hypothalamus ihambisa iimpendulo zomzimba ngokuthetha nomzimba ngeendlela ezimbini. Indlela yokuqala kukusebenzisa inkqubo ye- nervous autonomic system . Okwesibini kusetyenziswa inkqubo yokugcina i-endocrine, oku kuthetha ukugcinwa kwe-hormone kwigazi.
Iimpawu ezizimeleyo zivela kwi-nucleus ephambili yombono we-hypothalamus, kodwa kwakhona kwi-nucleus ye-hypothalamic ne-postoral hypothalamus. Ekuqaleni, ezi zixhobo ezizimeleyo zihamba ngendlela emhlophe ebizwa ngokuba yi-medial forebrain. Baya kudlula kwi-brainstateral brainstem kunye ne-periaqueductal grey matter.
Iifayili i-synapse kwi-nuclei ye-parasympathetic kwi-brainstem kunye nommandla ophakathi kwintambo yomgcini we-sacral, kunye novelwano kwi-cell intermediolateral cell column ye-thoracolumbar intambo yomgca. Iinuclei ezininzi ezizimeleyo kwi-brainstem zifumana iziphumo ezivela kwi-hypothalamus, njenge-nucleus solitarius, i-nadusergic nuclei, i-raphe nucleus, kunye ne-pontomedullary formtic formulation.
I-hypothalamus isebenza ngokubambisana ne-pituitary gland ukulawula inkqubo ye-endocrine yomzimba. I-pituitary inekhono lokufaka i-hormone ngqo kwigazi. Lo ngumzekelo ongaqhelekanga wendawo apho isithintelo segazi-yengqondo ngokuqhelekileyo eyenzelwe ukugcina iintsholongwane zokungena kwiingqondo ezingekho kwiqondo lokwakheka kwengqondo. Amanye amahomoni, afana ne-oxytocin kunye ne-vasopressin, zenziwe ngqo kwi-hypothalamus (kwiplastiki kunye ne-supraoptic nuclei, umzekelo), kwaye ifihlwe ngasemva kwe-pituitary. Ingxenye yangaphambili yepituitary iqulethe iiseli ezenza i-hormone yazo. Ezi ihommoni zilawulwa ngamanye amacandelo e-neurolotiki anqanyulwayo kwiimbilini ze-artificial into i-plexus ye-vascular, apho akhululwa khona ngegazi. Zonke ezi mfihlelo ze-hormone zilawulwa yimpendulo engalunganga, oku kuthetha ukuba ingqondo iyakwazi ukubona xa amazinga ehommone ephakamileyo kwaye enciphisa umveliso ngenxa yoko.
Oku kubonakala kunzima kakhulu, kwaye kunjalo. Kodwa umsebenzi ogqwesileyo we-homeostasis nakubhekene nobunzima ufanelekile!
Imithombo
I-Blumenfeld H, i-Neuroanatomy ngokusebenzisa iiKliniki zeeKliniki. I-Sunderland: Abapapashi be-Sinauer Associates 2002.
I-Ropper AH, i-Samuels MA. I-Adams kunye neMigaqo yeVictor ye-Neurology, 9th: I-McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2009.