Xa iimpembelelo zeNerve ziDlulayo ukusuka kwi-Neuron ukuya kwi-Neuron
Kwinkqubo yesantya ephakathi , i-synapse yincinci encinane ekupheleni kwe-neuron evumela ukuba isignali idlule kwi-neuron enye ukuya elandelayo. Ama-Synapses atholakala apho iiseliti ze-nerve zidibanisa namanye amaseli enesisindo. I-Synapses yinto ephambili kumsebenzi wengqondo, ngakumbi xa ifika kwimemori .
Ziziphi ii-Synapses
Xa isibonakaliso semigulane sifinyelela ekupheleni kwe-neuron, ayikwazi ukuqhubeka nje kwisisele esilandelayo.
Esikhundleni salokho, kufuneka kuqalise ukukhululwa kwama-neurotransmitters okuza kuqhutyelwa impembelelo kwi-synapse kwi-neuron elandelayo.
Xa i-nervous impulse ibangele ukukhululwa kwee-neurotransmitters, aba bathunywa beekhemikhali badlula i-synaptic encane kwaye bayathathwa ngama-receipt on the cell cell. Lawa ma-receptors enza into enjenge-lock, ngelixa i-neurotransmitters isebenza kakhulu njengezihluthulelo. I-neurotransmitters inokuyithokozisa i-neuron ayayibopha okanye ayivimbele.
Cinga ngomqondiso wesibindi njengamanje kagesi, kunye ne-neurons njengeencingo. Ii-Synapses ziza kubakho iindawo zokuthengisa okanye iibhokisi zokuxhuma ezidibanisa okwangoku kwisibane (okanye esinye isixhobo sombane esikhethiweyo sakho), ukuvumela isibane ukuba sikhanyise.
Iingxenye zeS Synapse
I-Synapses yenziwe ngamalungu amathathu aphezulu:
- Ukuphela kwe-presynaptic equlethe i-neurotransmitters
- I-synaptic cleft phakathi kweeseli ezimbini zesisindo
- Ukuphela kwe-postsynaptic equkethe ii-receptor sites
Umfutho wombane uhamba phantsi kwe-axon ye-neuron uze ubangele ukukhululwa kwee-vesicle ezincinci ezinama-neurotransmitters. Ezi ntlobo ziya kubopha kwi-membrane yeseli ye-presynaptic, ukukhulula i-neurotransmitters kwi-synapse. Ezi zithunywa zeekhemikhali ziwela i-synaptic cleft kwaye zidibanisa neendawo zokufumana i-cell nerve cell elandelayo, ezibangela ukutshukunyiswa kombane okubizwa ngokuba yintsebenzo.
Iintlobo
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili ze-synapses:
I-Synapse yamachiza: Iyokuqala i-chemical syapse inomsebenzi kagesi kwi-neuron ye-presynaptic ibangela ukukhululwa kwezithunywa zeekhemikhali, i-neurotransmitters. Ama-neurotransmitters adifisa kwi-synapse kwaye ibophelele kwiimvume ezikhethekileyo zeselfowuni ye-postsynaptic. I-neurotransmitter ngoko iyakhupha okanye ibimbela i-postsynaptic neuron. Ukuxolisa kukukhokelela ekutshiseni kwezenzo ezinokwenzeka ngelixa ukuvinjelwa kuthintela ukusabalalisa kwesignali.
Ama-Synapses kagesi : Kulo hlobo, i-neurons ezimbini zidibene neendlela ezizodwa ezibizwa ngokuba yimigca yegap. I-synapses zombane ivumela iimpawu zombane ukuba zihambe ngokukhawuleza ukusuka kwiseli ye-presynaptic ibe yiseli ye-postsynaptic, ngokukhawuleza ukukhawuleza ukudluliselwa kwempawu. Isithuba phakathi kwe-synapses kagesi sincinci kakhulu kunokuba se-chemical syapse (malunga nama-nanometer ama-3.5 ngokuthelekiswa nama-nanometers angama-20). Iiprotheyini ezikhethekileyo zeeprotheyini ezidibanisa iiseli ezimbini zenza ukuba kubekho okwenzekayo okwangoku kwi-presynaptic neuron ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza kwiseli le-postsynaptic.
Ukutshintshwa kwe-synapses kagesi kubonisa ngokukhawuleza kunokuba i-synapses yamachiza. Nangona ijubane lokusasazwa kwi-chemical syapses lingathatha ukuya kwii-millisecond eziliqela, ukuhanjiswa kwe-synapses kagesi kufutshane ngokukhawuleza.
Xa i-syapses yamakhemikhali ingaba yintlanzi okanye i-inhibitory, i-synapses yamagesi ixhamla kuphela.
Nangona i-synapses zombane inokubaluleka kwejubane, amandla esignali ayancipha njengoko ehamba ukusuka kwelinye iseli ukuya kwesinye. Ngenxa yokulahleka kwamandla esignali, kufuna ukuba i-presynaptic neuron enkulu kakhulu ithintele kwi-neurons encinci ye-postsynaptic. I-synapses yamachiza ihamba ngokukhawuleza, kodwa iyakwazi ukuhambisa umyalezo ngaphandle kwelahleko kumandla esignali. I-presynaptic neurons encinci kakhulu iyakwazi ukuthonya nakwii-cellist postsnaptic ezinkulu.
Imbali
Igama elithi synapse laqala ukuqala ngowe-1897 ngumfilosofi uMichael Foster "kwincwadi yakhe yePhysics" kwaye ivela kwi-Greek synapsis , echaza "ukudibanisa."
> Imithombo:
> Freberg LA. Ukufumanisa i-Neuroscience . I-Boston: I-Cengage Learning. 2016.
> Freberg LA. Ukufumanisa i-Biological Psychology , Inkcazelo yesiBini. EBelmont, CA: iWadsworth, iCengage Learning. 2010