Iqondo lokukhumbula linye yezinto ezibonakala zicacile de ukuba uzame ukuyichaza. Abantu abaninzi basebenzisa eli gama ngokuhlukileyo. Iingcali zengqondo azithethi into efanayo xa bethetha "ukuqonda" njengokuba i-yoed Vedic ithi. Ngokwengxenye ngenxa yobunzima bokuvumelanisa oko kuthetha ukuthini igama, ukuqonda kuyinto engacacanga ukuqonda.
Njengazinye izinto ezininzi ebomini, ingqondo ingcono ukuba iqondwe kakuhle xa ilahlekile. Ngokufunda izizathu ezahlukahlukeneyo zokuqonda okunciphisayo, izazi ze-neurologists ziyakwazi ukuba zeziphi izakhiwo kunye neekhemikhali zengqondo zibalulekile ekugcineni uqaphele kwaye uqaphele indawo ejikelezileyo.
Ngamanye amaxesha i-Neurologists ithola ukuba kunceda ukwahlula ingqalelo kwizinto ezimbini ezihlukeneyo. Ngokomzekelo, oko kuthiwa ngumxholo wokuqaphela kuqulethwe amanxibelelwano enokwenziwa kwintsholongwane elawula ukuvakalelwa, ukunyakaza, imemori kunye nemvakalelo. I-Arousal okanye inqanaba lokuqonda, ngakolunye uhlangothi, luqulethe ngakumbi indlela oqaphile ngayo (umz. Uvuka okanye awukho), ukukwazi kwakho ukunyamekela izinto (umzekelo ukuba usayifunda le nto), kwaye unjani ukuba uyazi iindawo ezikufutshane (umz: ingaba uyazi phi na nini na?
Inkqubo eSebenzayo yokuSebenza
Ingqondo ye-brainstem ihamba nje ngeyona nto inkulu ngeenxa zonke njengezithupha, kodwa iqukethe izakhiwo ezininzi ezibalulekileyo zokuphefumula, ukuhamba, kunye nokuhlala uphapheme kwaye uqaphele.
Ama-neurotransmitters, afana ne-norepinephrine, akhululwa yi-brainstem ukuya malunga nantoni na enye inxalenye yengqondo, ukukhuthaza ukwandisa umsebenzi wengqondo.
Enye yemimandla ebalulekileyo yokuhlala iphapheme yinkqubo esebenzayo yokusebenza (RAS) kwi-brainstem. Inkqubo esebenzayo yokufumana iimpawu ezisuka kwezinye iindawo zengqondo, kubandakanywa indlela yokuvakalelwa kwintambo yomgudu (ngoko uvuka xa unganakulungelekanga).
I-RAS iphinde ithumele iimpawu ezikhuthazayo kwiindawo ezininzi kulo lonke ubuchopho. Ngokomzekelo, i-RAS "incokola kunye" ne-basal forebrain, leyo ibuye ibuyisele iimpawu ezivuselelayo kwi-cortex ye-cerebral. I-basal forebrain isebenzayo kokubili ngexesha lokuvuka kwaye xa uphupha.
Hypothalamus
I-RAS iphinda ithumele iimpawu kwi- hypothalamus , elawula imisebenzi efana nentlawulo yenhliziyo kwaye ikunceda uhlale uphapheme ngokukhulula i-histamine. Ininzi i-histamine ingaphandle kwengqondo, apho idlala indima ekuphenduleni kwemizwa kunye nezimpendulo ze-immune. Ngoku kutshanje, i-neurons equkethe i-histamine nayo ifumaneka kwingqondo, eyinceda ukuhlala uqaphile. Kungoko kuthatha i-antiam histamines efana neBenadryl inokukhokelela ekuguleni.
IThalamus
I-RAS iphinda ixubushe ne-thalamus. Ukongeza kokudlala indima ekulondolozeni ukuqaphela okuqhelekileyo, i-thalamus isebenza njengesikhululo sokubuyisela ulwazi olusondeleyo oluya kwi-cortex ye-cerebral kunye nemiyalelo yokuhamba ukusuka kwi-brainstem ukuya emzimbeni. Ukuba i-thalamus ayibuyisi ulwazi olunzulu kwi-cortex, efana ne-pinprick enyaweni, loo mntu akayiqondi into eyenzekayo.
I-Cerebral Cortex
I-cortex ye-cerebral igubungela umphezulu wengqondo kwaye apho ixabiso elithile lichithwa khona.
Imimandla eyahlukileyo yolawulo lwe-cortex yolwimi, imemori, kunye nobuntu bakho. Nangona i-cortex nje yonakalisa inxalenye ye-cortex ye-cerebral ingakhokelela ekulahlekelweni kolwazi, kunokukhokelela ekulahlekelweni kolwazi malunga nenxalenye yakho.
Ngokomzekelo, abantu abaninzi abanesifo sokubetha okanye esinye isilonda kwi-right parietal lobe balahlekelwa ngqalelo kwicala lasekhohlo lendawo yabo yangaphandle, uphawu olubizwa ngokuba lugxothwa. Ukuba ubuzwa ukuba udwebe iwashi okanye igumbi, baya kukhangela kuphela inxalenye ekunene. Kwiimeko ezigqithiseleyo, abantu abanokunyanzelwayo abazange baqonde isandla sabo sekhohlo, kwaye ukuba isandla siphethwe phambi kwabo, banokuthi banomnye umntu.
Olu hlobo lokulahlekelwa ngumxholo wokuqonda, nangona umntu ehlala ephapheme ngokupheleleyo.
Ukulahlekelwa Ukunyamekela
Ukuba imimandla ehlukeneyo ye-cortex yengozi ye-cerebral yalimala, okanye ukuba umntu unobungozi kwi-thalamus okanye kwi-brainstem, loo mntu unokungena kwi-coma. I-coma yilahleko yokulahlekelwa kwengqondo apho kungenakwenzeka ukuvusa umntu. Izinto ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zingabangela i-coma, kwaye amathuba okubuya ahluke.
Ukufunda ukuqonda kunzima kakhulu. Ubumnono buxhomekeke ekuhlanganiseni amanethiwekhi amaninzi athungelwano kwinkqubo yesantya. Ukuqonda okupheleleyo ukuqonda akukho nto efanelekileyo. Ukongezelela, ngelixa sithetha ngeengxenye ezimbalwa zobuchopho ezibandakanyekayo kwinqanaba lomntu othile wokuqonda okanye ukuphaphazela, kufuneka kwakhona kuqaphele ukuba ukuqonda kungaphantsi kokutshintshiweyo "ngaphandle" kunokuba utshintshwe "dimmer" kunye nezinto ezininzi ezahlukahlukeneyo. . Abantu abaphilileyo bayadlula kule mihla yolwazi yonke imini nobusuku. Ukuqonda umgangatho wokuqonda kwabo bangakwazi ukuphendula ngenxa yokugula ngengqondo kunokuba nzima kakhulu.
Imithombo:
UJerome B. Posner noFred Plum. I-plum kunye ne-Posner's Diagnosis ye-Stupor neComa. ENew York: i-Oxford University Press, ngo-2007.
I-Hal Blumenfeld, i-Neuroanatomy ngokusebenzisa iiKliniki zeeKliniki. I-Sunderland: Abapapashi be-Sinauer Associates 2002