Akukho mali yomsi wesibambiso okhuselekile
Umsi wesibini, owaziwa ngokuba ngumsi wokutshaya, uvela ngenxa yokuphefumula kwintlondi emoyeni kwimveliso yecuba. Ngokombutho we-American Lung Association, umsi ophuma kwicuba uqulethe iikhemikhali ezinobungozi ezi-7 000, kwaye ezi zi-70 ziyaziwa zidibene nomdlavuza (i-carcinogenic).
Oku kuthetha ukuba xa umntu ekhanyisa i-cigarette, iikhemikhali ezinetyhefu ezinjenge-benzene, formaldehyde, i-vinyl chloride, i-arsenic ammonia, i-hydrogen cyanide kunye ne-carbon monoxide ikhutshwa emoyeni.
Njengoko ababhemayo bakha izixhobo ezinobuthi ngokukhawuleza, abantu abangaboniyo benza ngendlela engathanga ngqo, ngenxa yokutshaya komsi.
Yintoni
Umsi wesibini udibaniso lweentlobo ezimbini zomsi: umsi oqhelekileyo, owenziwe ngumntu otshaya, kunye nomsi ogqithiseleyo, ophuma ekupheleni kwesigarethi esivuthayo. Zombini iindidi ziqukethe iiconogens ezifanayo.
Ukufelwa kobushushu obushushu
I-American Lung Association iqikelela ukuba umsi wesithandi uyabangela ukufa kwabangaphezu kwama-40,000 ngonyaka. Akukho manqanaba aphephile omsi womsi. Nangona kufumaneka okufutshane kunokubangela ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo okanye ukugqithisa kwemiphumo eyahlukileyo yempilo. Ukongezelela, ukuchazwa komsi weselula kubangela izifo nokufa kwangaphambili kubantwana nakubantu abadala abangabhemi.
Amaqela eNgciphekweni
Nangona wonk 'ubani oboniswe ngumsi wesibini osemngciphekweni usemngciphekweni, amaqela athile abantu asemngciphekweni ophezulu wokuphuhlisa iingxaki ezinobungozi obushushu.
Oku kuquka iintsana ezingakazalwa kunye nabantwana, abantwana kunye nentsha, kunye nabantu abane-asthma okanye ezinye izimo zokuphefumula, kubandakanywa nabo abaneCOPD. Ugqirha Jikelele kunye ne-Arhente yokuKhuselwa kokusiNgqongileyo (EPA) batusa ukuba akukho mntu otshayo xa abantu abaselula bekhona.
Abadala
Umsi wesibini uyisicatshulwa esikhulu sokuphefumula.
Ingabangela kwaye ibenzi ngakumbi imeko yokuphefumula, kuquka neCOPD. Abantu abadala abaneCOPD basemngciphekweni xa besetyenziselwa umsi weselula, bahlala behlakulela ukuphuka kweempawu, kuquka ukunyuka kokuphefumula, ukukhwehlela kunye nokuveliswa kwemiskhi. Ngaphezu koko, ukutshaya umsi wesibindi kuyinto ebangela ukuba i-asthma ibangele. Iphunga elimnandi lomsi wengubo okanye isikhumba lanele ngokwenza iimpawu.
Ukuchazwa yi-EPA njengomdlavuza womuntu wamaphaphu, umsi wesibambiso unomthwalo wokuba u-3,400 umhlaza womdlavuza wamaphaphu rhoqo ngonyaka kuma-American. Kwakhona kubangela ukufa phakathi kwama-22 700 ukuya kuma-69 600 kuma-United States ukusuka kwisifo senhliziyo ngamnye ngonyaka, kwaye nangona kukho uphando olongezelelweyo olufunekayo ukuqinisekisile le nxu lumano, luye lwahlanganiswa nokubetha nokuqina kweemitha.
Iintsana kunye namaNtsana
Xa umfazi etshaya ngexesha lokukhulelwa, umntwana ongakazalwa ufumana i-oksijini engaphantsi kwaye avelise izinga elincinci le-carbon monoxide kwigazi lakhe. Oku kunokukhokelela kwiimeko eziphezulu zokukhulelwa kwesisu, ukuzala kwangaphambi kokuzalwa, ukuzala, kunye ne-infant disease syndrome (SIDS). Iintsana eziboniswe ngumoya wesigare kwisibeleko nazo zisengozini yokukhula okuphantsi kunye nezinye iingxaki. Ukongezelela, kukho uxhulumaniso olufanelekileyo phakathi kokutshaya ngexesha lokukhulelwa kunye ne-SIDS.
Enyanisweni, iintsana zoomoshe abomsi bangaphinda kabini bafa nge-SIDS kunabantwana abangabhemi.
Abantwana kunye nentsha
Nangona kukho iindaba ezilungileyo ukuba ukutshaya komsi wesininzi kuhla kweyhumi elidluleyo, i-37 ekhulwini yabantwana baseMerika (iizigidi ezingama-24) zisasazwa ngumsi weselula, ngokutsho kwe-American Lung Association.
Ngenxa yokuba abantwana banomoya omncinci, banomdla kakhulu kumsi wesibini kunabantu abadala. Xa umntwana ekhunjulwa ngumsi wesiphelo, amandla akhe okuphefumula aphelelwe amandla, njengoko i-airways igxuma kwaye igcwala i-mucus. Oku kubangelwa ukuba bafumaneke iimpawu zokuphefumula ezifana nokukhwehlela kunye nokuvuthisa kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo kukhokelela ekusulelekeni kosulelo.
Umsi wesibini udibene ne-7 500 ukuya kwi-15,000 yezibhedlele zokusasaza iintsana kunye nabantwana abancinci ngonyaka kwaye zikhokelela ekufeni kwabantwana aba-136 ukuya ku-212 kubantwana abaneminyaka eyi-18 ubudala okanye abatsha ngonyaka. Ukongezelela koko, kuba umsi wesibambiso uyangcolisa i-airways yemiphunga, yinto enamandla kubantwana abane-asthma, abanomdla kwi-8,000 ukuya kuma-26,000 amatyala amatsha ngonyaka ngamnye kubantwana. Kuyaziwa nangokunyusa iimpawu ze-asthma kuma-400,000 ukuya ku-1 000,000 abantwana abane-asthma.
Abantwana kunye nentsha yabazali abatshitshiyo abanakho ukuphucula izifo ezithintekayo zokuphefumula kodwa kunzima ukubuyela kubo. Umsi wesibini uyaziwa ukuba unxulumene nosulelo oluphakathi, indumoniya, kunye ne-bronchitis kubantwana.
Ukutshaya intsha nayo iyinkxalabo enkulu yempilo. Akuqhelekanga ukuba abantwana abaselula abatshayayo bayabhema. Abaselula abakwaziyo kuphela ukutshaya umlutha, kodwa banokuba ngumlutha ngexesha elifutshane.
Indlela Yokuthintela Ukuboniswa
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba unayo nayiphi na imeko yokuphefumula, kuquka i-asthma kunye ne-COPD, ukuba awuyekanga ukuyeka ukutshaya kodwa ugweme umsi wesithandi. Amanyathelo alandelayo angathathwa ngenzame yokuthintela ukufumaneka:
- Ungaze uvumele umntu ukuba akhuphe ngaphakathi kwekhaya lakho, i-ofisi okanye imoto.
- Cacisa umgaqo wakho "womgaqo-ntanethi" kumntu othe tyelela. Abantu abanomdla ngokwenene baya kukuhlonela nokuxhasa imithetho yakho yendlu.
- Khubaza ukuziphatha ukubhema ekhaya lakho ngokususa zonke i-ashtrays.
- Ukucebisa iindwendwe kunye namalungu entsapho, ukuba kufuneka, ukutshaya ngaphandle, kude namafasitele okanye iingcango ezivulekileyo.
- Musa ukuhlala kwindawo apho abantu batshaya khona. Ukuba kufuneka ube kwindawo apho utshaya loluntu luqhubeka khona, hlala okanye uhlale kwindawo engenawo umoya, engekho ukutshaya kuloo ndawo.
- Ukuba amalungu omndeni ashunqa, bonisa ukuba bayeke.
- Ukuba wena okanye umntu obathandayo unenkinga yokuyeka, thetha kwiqela lakho lonakekelo lwempilo malunga nokufumana uncedo. Iicotin yonyango yokutshintshwa kunye nezinye iimyeza ziyafumaneka kwaye zinokunyusa amathuba okuyeka ukuphumelela.
- Joyina, okanye ucebise umthandayo ujoyine iqela lokuxhasa ukuyeka ukutshaya.
Nangona imimiselo engenazo umsi ekhoyo kwiidolophu ezininzi kulo lonke ilizwe, kufuneka kwenziwe okunye ukukhusela impilo yabantu bonke, ngakumbi abantwana. Ukuqhubeka nemfundo kwizikolo zethu nakwindawo yokusebenzela kunokukunceda ekukhanyeni kwesi sifundo esichukumisayo. Wonke umntu unelungelo lokuphefumula umoya ococekileyo, ukhululekile kwimiphumo emibi yomsi wesithandi.
> Imithombo:
> Amacandelo okuLawula nokuLawula izifo. Izibonakaliso zeVital: Ukungabikho kwamanye amazwe kwiNgqungquthela yokuThuthukiswa komsi womsila wase-United States, ngo-1999-2012. Ukunyangwa nokufa kweeNgxelo zeveki. NgoFebruwari 6, 2015; 64 (4): 103-8.
> Iimiphumo zezeMpilo zoMswakama wesibini. I-American Lung Association.