Ubudlelwane obuMngcipheko-kunye-nxaxheba
I-pneumonia ye-bacterium kunye nesifo esingapheliyo se-pulmonary disease (COPD) sinobudlelwane obunobangela obunobungozi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuhlahloka kokuqhubeka kwemiphunga kunye neCOPD kunokunyusa ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane yomntu, kodwa i-pneumonia ingabangela ukunyuka kokukhawuleza kwexesha kwexesha kunye nokunyuswa kweempawu zeCOPD.
Njengoko imeko enye iya kuba yimbi, enye ilandele ukulandela ngaphandle kokuba kuthathwa amanyathelo okuqapha.
Izizathu
I-pneumonia ye-bacterial iyenzeka xa ibhaktheriya ehambayo ifumana indlela yayo ephezulu kwimipuphu. Ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yezempilo yomntu, ibhaktheriya ingabangela isifo sofayo okanye iholele kwiphemonia apho i-sac-air ( alveoli ) enye okanye zombini imiphunga izalisekile.
I-streptococcus pneumoniae kunye neHaemophilus influenza yizona zizathu eziqhelekileyo zengcinezelo ye-bacterial pneumonia.
Abantu abaneCOPD baxhatshazwa kakhulu kwi-pneumonia njengoko izixhobo zabo zokuzivikela ziye zanyanzeliswa ngokunyanzeliswa kwemiphunga. Ngaphezu koko, i-mucus eqokelelekileyo eqhelekileyo kwiCOPD idala indawo efanelekileyo ekumiseni intsholongwane.
Izimpawu kunye neMpawu
Iimpawu ze-bacterium pneumonia azifani naluphi na uhlobo oluthile lwe-pneumonia . Xa kuthethwa ukuba, i-bacterial pneumonia iyanzima kakhulu kunomzala wayo, ngokukodwa ngaphakathi kwe-COPD.
Oku kubangelwe ukuba, inxalenye, ukuba i-pneumonia ye-bacteria ifanelekile ukubetha abantu abane- immune function , nangona i-pneumonia yentsholongwane ingathintela nakwabo abanezixhobo ezikhuselekileyo zomzimba.
Izimpawu eziqhelekileyo ze-bacterium pneumonia ziquka:
- Ukuqala ngokukhawuleza kwee-chills
- Ukukhupha ngokukhawuleza kwe-101 o F ukuya ku-105 o F
- Ukubetha iintlungu zesifuba kuqhutywe ngokuphefumula nokukhwehlela
- Ubumba obuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okanye obomvu
- Ngokukhawuleza ukuphefumula (tachypnea)
- Ukuqhawula
- Ukucima
Lo mqathango uthathwa njengongxamiseko lwezonyango ukuba i-fever ephezulu ihambelana nokudideka, ukuphefumula okuphefumulayo, intliziyo ye- tachycardia , kunye ne-blue skin tone ngenxa yokungabikho kwe-oksijini ( cyanosis ).
Ukuxilongwa
Ukuxilongwa kwe-bacterium pneumonia ngokuqhelekileyo kuqala ngokuhlolwa komzimba kunye nokuhlaziywa kwezi zibini kunye nomlando wesigulane. Ezinye iimvavanyo zingabandakanya:
- I-X-ray ye-Chest ukuhlola ubungakanani bompompo ukungena
- Inkcubeko ye-sputum ukukunceda ukuchonga uhlobo lwebhaktheriya
- Uvavanyo lwe-Urine antigen ukufumana ubukho beebhaktheriya ezithile
- I-Arterial gasses okanye i- pulse oximetry ukujonga amanqanaba e-oxygen saturation
- Iimvelaphi zegazi ukwenzela ukuba i-bacterium isasazeke kwimiphunga ukuya kwigazi
Unyango
I-bacterium pneumonia iphathwa ngamagciwane . Enye okanye ngaphezulu kweziza-antibiotic zomlomo zingacwangciswa ngokuxhomekeka kwintlungu okanye ukuphindaphinda. Izinketho zeziyobisi ziquka:
- Adoxa (doxycycline)
- Amoxil (amoxicillin)
- I-Biaxin (i-clarithromycin)
- Zithromax (azithromycin)
Xa kuqalisiwe unyango, abantu baya kuziva bebhetele kangangeentsuku ezimbalwa. Konke okutshiweyo, kungathatha iintsuku ezili-10 okanye ngaphezulu kweentsuku ukuba zifumaneke ngokupheleleyo.
Ukongezelela koko, xa sele kuqalisiwe ama-antibiotics, kufuneka athatyathwe ekugqibeleni. Ukungaphumeleli ukwenza oko kunokukhokelela ekuchaseni i-antibiotics , nto leyo ebonisa ukuba iziyobisi aziyi kusebenza kunye nokuba usulelo lwebhaktheriya luya kubuya.
Iziganeko ezinzima zesifo se-pneumonia zingadinga ukulaliswa esibhedlele kwaye zibandakanye ukusetyenziswa kwamachiza okulwa namayeza kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamanzi okukhusela amanzi.
Thintelo
Indlela efanelekileyo yokukhusela i-bacterial pneumonia kukufumana ukugonya kwe-pneumonia. Eyaziwayo njengePneumovax 23 , isitofu sinokucetyiswa ukuba nabani na abane-COPD kunye ne-booster eyongezelelweyo ethunyelwa kuyo yonke iminyaka emihlanu okanye xa umntu ejika iminyaka engama-65.
Isigulane sesibini sokugonywa kwe-pneumonia, esibizwa ngokuba ngu-Prevnar 13, sinconywa ukuba abantu abangama-65 nangaphezulu.
Ezinye izicwangciso eziqhotyoshelweyo ziquka:
- Ukuyeka ukutshaya ukunciphisa ukuqhubela phambili kweCOPD nokukhusela ukucima amandla
- Ukufumana umkhuhlane wonyaka ukudubula ukukhusela okongezelelweyo kwimiphunga
- Ukuhlamba izandla njalo
- Ukugwema nabani na ogulayo, ukukhwehlela, okanye ukukrazula
> Imithombo:
> Diao, W .; Shen, N; Yu, P. et al. "Ukusetyenziswa kwegciwane le-polysaccharide eli-23-valent pneumococcal ekukhuseleni i-pneumonia efunyanwe ngumphakathi phakathi kwabantu abadala abangabonakaliyo: Ukuphononongwa ngokuchanekileyo kunye nokuhlaziywa kweemvavanyo zolu hlobo." Igciwane . 2016; 34 (13): 1496-1503. INGXELO: 10.1016 / j.vaccine.2016.02.023
> Torres, A .; Blasi, F .; Dartois, N. et al. "Yiyiphi abantu abasengozini yokwanda kwezifo ze-pneumococcal kwaye kutheni? Impembelelo yeCOPD, isifuba, ukutshaya, isifo sikashukela, kunye / okanye isifo sengqondo esingapheliyo kwi-pneumonia efunyenwe ngumphakathi kunye nezifo ezibangelwa yi-pneumococcal disease." Thorax . 2015; 70 (10): 984-9. INGXELO: 10.1136 / thoraxjnl-2015-206780.