Izigulane ezimbini eziVunyelweyo ze-FDA zabantwana kunye nabantu abadala
I-pneumonia ibangela ukufa kwama-50 000 e-US ngamnye ngonyaka kunye neengxelo ezingaphezu kwama-400,000 okutyelelwa kwamagumbi okuphuthuma, ngokwemibiko evela kumaziko okuLawula nokuLawulwa kwezifo (CDC).
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukusetyenziswa kwe-vacneum yokunyuka kwe-pneumonia, ngokukodwa phakathi kwabalupheleyo, kuye kwabangela ukunciphisa ama-8 ekhulwini kumanani okufa ukususela ngo-1999.
Xa kuthethwa oko, kuphela malunga ne-65 ekhulwini yabangengozini enkulu ichonywe ngokufanelekileyo.
Kwiimeko ezininzi, abantu abaqinisekanga ukuba bafuna ukugonywa okanye uhlobo luni lwe-pneumonia lusetyenziswe ukukhusela. Abanye abakwazi nokuba nesigontsho.
Uhlobo lwe-Pneumonia
I-pneumonia ichazwa nje ngokuba ukuvuvukala kweengxowa zomoya zemiphunga ezingakwazi ukuzalisa ngamanzi kwaye zikhokelela ekuphefumuleni, kunomkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela, nokukhwehlela nge-pus or phlegm. I-pneumonia ibangelwa yintsholongwane kodwa iyakwazi ukuphuhlisa xa uvula ukutya okanye umbane kwimiphunga ( aspiration pneumonia ) okanye uthabathe ibhaktheriya engaxinwa ngamachiza ngelixa esibhedlele ( isibhedlele-sitholakale pneumonia ).
Uhlobo oluqhelekileyo luyaziwa ngokuba yi-pneumonia efunyenwe ngumphakathi apho intsholongwane efana ne-bhakteria, intsholongwane, okanye i-fungi isasazeka ngaphandle kwendawo yokunakekelwa kwezempilo. Kule ndawo, iibhaktheriya yinto ebalulekileyo kakhulu.
I-bacterium pneumonia ixhaphaza ngamanzi amachiza aphefumulayo xa umntu ekhwehlela okanye adibanise.
Uninzi lubangelwa yi- S treptococcus pneumoniae , ibhaktiriya ene-serotypes engaphezu kwama-90. Kule miba, iindidi ezili-10 zinoxanduva loluninzi lweengxaki ezinxulumene ne-pneumonia.
Nangona i-pneumonia yebhaktheriya ichaphazela ngokuyinhloko iphepheni yokuphefumula, inokubangela ukuba ugulwe kakhulu xa kutyalwa kwigazi.
Ukuba oko kwenzeka, inokuchaphazela igazi (i-bneemococcal bacteremia / sepsis ) kwaye ibangela ukuvuvukala kweembrane ezungeze ubuchopho kunye nentambo yomgudu (i-pneumococcal meningitis ). Umngcipheko wokufa kubantu abane-pneumonia engenayo iphakathi kweesisihlanu kunye neesisixhenxe kwaye unokukwazi ukuphakama kubantu abadala.
Iintlobo ze-Pneumonia Vaccine
Kukho izitofu ezimbini ezinokukhusela kwi- treptococcus pneumoniae . Akunakukuthintela ezinye iintlobo ze-bacterium pneumonia (njengalezo ezibangelwa yi- Chlamydophila pneumoniae okanye i- Mycoplasma pneumoniae ) okanye nayiphi na inxulumene nefungus okanye intsholongwane .
Izigulane ezimbini ezigunyazisiweyo ze-FDA zigoma umntu ngokubhekiselele kwii-serotypes ezithile ezibangelwa izifo kunye nezifo ezingenazo. Bazi:
- I-PCV13 , ithengiswa phantsi kwegama elithi Prevnar 13, ezivimbela i-13 yezona ntlobo ezinzima kakhulu ze- S. pneumoniae
- I-PPSV23 , ithengiswa phantsi kwegama elithi Pneumovax 23, ekhusela ngaphezulu kwe-23 S. S. pneumoniae serotypes
Akukho gonyolo olwenziwa kwi-bhaktiriya ephilileyo okanye epheleleyo kodwa kunokuba iindawo zebhanki yebhakteria. Nangona ezi zixhobo zingenakubangela izifo, isistim somzimba siyazibona njengezisongelo kwaye zishukumise impendulo ekhuselayo ngendlela efanayo kuya kubakteria yangempela.
Isigonyana sePVC13 sihanjiswa ngokusesikweni kwi-muscle deltoid yesandla esingaphezulu okanye i- vastus lateralis isisu sangaphandle. I-shot ye-PPSV23 inokunikezwa nge-intramuscularly or subcutaneously (kwesikhumba).
Ngubani osweleyo ukhuseleko?
Ukugonya kwe-Pneumonia akukhuthazwa kuwo wonke umntu. Iigonti zisetyenziswa ngokusisiseko kubantu abanomngcipheko ophezulu wokugula. Ezi ziquka:
- Iintsana nabantwana njengenxalenye yeshedyuli yabo yokugonywa rhoqo
- Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65
- Abantu abanesistim sokuzivikela okanye ababuthathaka, kuquka abo abaneengxaki ezingapheliyo ezifana ne-HIV, isifo senhliziyo, isifo sesibindi, ukungaphumeleli kwezintso kunye nesifo sikashukela
- Abafakeli bezinto zokufakelwa komzimba kunye nomntu ogqirha i-chemotherapy, bobabini abaye banciphisa amayeza omzimba kunye nokukhuselwa kweziyobisi ezikhuselayo
- Abantu abanezifo ezingapheliyo zokuphefumula ezifana nesifo se-asthma, emphysema, isifo esingapheliyo se-pulmonary disease (COPD)
- Abantu abomileyo (abanomngcipheko osisiseko sengculaza) okanye abanxilisayo (abakho banokuthi banokuxhaswa nge-immune system)
- Umntu uphinde abuyele kwindlela yokuhlinzwa okanye isifo esibi
Ukugonywa okwangoku akukhuthazwa kubantu abaphakathi kwe-18 no-64 abaphilileyo. Kuyafana nakweyiphi na umntu oye wafumana isifo sokugonywa kwisifo sokugonywa okanye esaziwayo kunoma yiyiphi inxalenye yesigontsho.
Iingcebiso zokugonywa
Ukugonywa kwe-Pneumonia yinto eqhelekileyo yinkqubo yokugonywa kwabantwana. Ngokutsho kweCDC, zonke iintsana kufuneka zinike ezine i-PVC13 kwiinyanga ezimbini, inyanga ezine, ezintandathu, kunye neenyanga ezi-12 ukuya kwe-15. Abantwana abaphuthelwa ngamashishini abo okanye baqale ngokukhawuleza kufuneka bafumane unyango, umlinganiselo oya kutshintshwa ngokusekelwe kwiminyaka yobudala.
Abantu abadala abanokukhutshwa kwe-pneumonia kuboniswe kufuneka bafumane izibini zombini: kuqala, i-PCV13 idutshulwa kwaye i-PPSV23 idutshule ngonyaka okanye ngaphezulu koko.
Ukuba isetyenziswe njengenconywayo, izitofu kufuneka zibonelele ukhuseleko lokuphila. Kulabo abangazange bagqibe ikhosi, i-shotstor shot can recommend. Abanye oogqirha baya kunika ngezigulane zabo izigulane ezinokuthi zidubule ezintlanu ukuya kwiminyaka eyi-10 emva kokulandelwa kokuqala.
Imiphumela
Imiphumo emibi yezo zitofu zivame ukuba zincinci kwaye zixazululwe zodwa kwimihla okanye iintsuku ezimbalwa. Uninzi lunxulumene nesimo sokungenwa kwamagciwane okanye sibonakaliswe ngempawu ezinomdla, ezinjengomkhuhlane. Phakathi kwezinye iimpawu eziqhelekileyo:
- Ukukhathala
- Intloko
- Umkhuhlane ophantsi
- Intlungu yesisu (myalgia)
- Intlungu ehlangeneyo (arthralgia)
- Ubunzima bendawo ye-injection, ubomvu, ukuvuvukala, okanye isisa
- IChills
- Ukulala
Ngokuqhelekanga, ukuhanjiswa, ukuhlanza, okanye ukugqithisa kwesikhumba kuya kwenzeka.
Xa kwenzeka ukuphendula ngokuthe ngqo-kuquka imingxuma, i-blisters, ukuthintela ukuphefumula, ukuvuvukala ubuso, ukukhukhumeza ulwimi, ukudideka, okanye ukuthungatha-call 911 okanye ukuya kwinqanaba elisemfutshane elisondeleyo kwangoko. Ngelixa lingaqabile, umzimba wonke unobungozi (i-anaphylaxis) eyenzekayo leyo, xa ingashiywa ingaphendulwanga, inokubangela ukutshitshiswa, i-coma, kunye nokufa.
> Imithombo:
> I-American Lung Association. " Iintlobo ze-Pneumonia kunye ne-Influenza: Ubuthakathaka nokufa." EWashington, DC; kukhutshwa ngoNovemba 2015.
> Amasebe okuLawula nokuVimbela (iCCDC). "Iingcebiso zePneumococcal Vaccine." Atlanta, Georgia; ihlaziywe ngoDisemba 6, 2017.
> CDC. "FastStats: Pneumonia." Ukuhlaziywa ngoJanuwari 20, 2017.
> Daniels, C .; Rodgers, P .; kunye no-Shelton, C. "Ukuhlaziywa kwezifo zokukhupha i-Pneumococcal: I-Polysaccharide yangoku Iindululo kunye neeAntigens zeProtein. J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther. 2016; 21 (1): 27-35. INGXELO 10.5863 / 1551-6776-21.1.27.
> Tagaro, A .; Bote, E .; ISanchez, A. et al. "Iingxaki zeBelleremia ye-Pneumococcal emva kokuba i-Conjugate Vaccine i-Retro". I-Ped Infect Dis J. 2016: 35 (12): 1281-7. INGXELO: 10.1097 / INF.0000000000001302.