Sibanzi
I-pneumonia yintsholongwane eyenzeka kwimiphunga. Inokuthi ibe kwimpompo enye okanye zombini, kwaye iyakwazi ukusuka kumnxeba ukuya kusongela ubomi. Ezinye iziganeko zesifo se-pneumonia ziza kubangela ingxaki kwi-lobe enye (inxalenye) yomnye umphunga, ngelixa iimeko ezinzulu zingathintela zonke i-lobes ezi-5 zeemiphunga. I-lobes ezongezelelweyo ezithintekayo, ingakumbi imiphunga yonyumoniya iya kuba yingozi.
I-pneumonia ibangelwa yiibhaktheriya , kodwa inokubangelwa yintsholongwane okanye i- fungus kwiimeko ezingaqhelekanga. Unyango luquka ngokubanzi okanye amaninzi amagciwane. Ezi zinokuthi zithathwe ngomlomo xa i-pneumonia ikwazi ukuphathwa ngokukhuselekileyo ekhaya, okanye ngaphezulu ifuna unyango lwe-IV kwiimeko ezinzulu.
I-pneumonia ibangela i-sputum, i-fluid ebonakala ngathi i-pus ngexesha le-pneumonia, ukuqokelela kwimiphunga. Oku kubangela ukukhwehlela okukhulu kumaxesha amaninzi, njengokuba ukukhwehlela kuyindlela yomzimba yokuzama ukukhupha lo mkhuhlane ukusuka kumaphaphu. Ukuqokelela okumanzi kwenza umzimba usebenze nzima ukufumana oksijini okwaneleyo kwimisebenzi yemihla ngemihla.
Izinto zobungozi
Izigulane ezinomngcipheko omkhulu we-pneumonia zincinci kunye nabantu abadala. Nangona abantu banoma yiphi na ubudala abanokufumana i- pneumonia , amaninzi amaninzi kubantwana kunye nabantu abangaphezulu kwama-65. Abantu abaneengxaki ezingapheliyo zempilo, ezifana nesifo sikashukela, basengozini ephezulu kunomntu oqhelekileyo, njengabantu abanenkinga yokuphefumula.
Abantu abaye banciphisa amajoni omzimba, njengabantu abanomdlavuza okanye i-HIV, kwaye abo bathabatha imishanguzo ekhuselekileyo isistim sokuzivikela sisifo se-pneumonia. Abantu abanomdla, okuchaza ukutya kwabo, ukuhlanza okanye nokuba ngamatye ngephutha baya endaweni yomoya ngaphandle kwendawo yesifo, basengozini enkulu yempumoniya.
Izigulane zonyango zisesichengeni esikhulu se-pneumonia ngezizathu ezininzi. Ezi zi gulane azikwazi ukukhwehlela okanye zikhusele i-airway ngelixa ziphantsi kwe-anesthesia. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuba babeza kuhlanza ngexesha lotyando abayi kukwazi ukuqala ukukhwehlela ukuzama ukususa izinto ezivela ngaphandle kwimiphunga yabo. Olu hlobo lwe-pneumonia lubizwa ngokuba yi-aspiration pneumonia, kwaye lunokuba lunzulu kakhulu. Izigulane zonyango zi nobunzima bokukhwehlela emva kokuhlinzwa ngenxa yentlungu. Baye baphephe ukukhwehlela ngenxa yokubangela ukuba iintlungu zabo zibe zibi ngakumbi, kodwa ke iimfihlo ziyakwazi ukwakha kwimiphunga kwaye zikhokelela ekudibaniseni isifuba okanye pneumonia. Ukuqhawulwa kwemfihlo kwimiphunga kuyingozi yempumoniya.
Izimpawu kunye neMpawu
Imiqondiso kunye neempawu ze-pneumonia ziyahlukahluka kumntu kumntu. Umntu omnye unokuphefumula xa omnye efumana ukukhwehlela okukhulu. Nazi iziganeko eziqhelekileyo kunye neempawu ze-pneumonia:
- Imfiva kunye / okanye i-chills
- Ukukhwehlela okuvelisayo, kaninzi kunzima kunye nokuba luhlaza kumbala
- Ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
- Ukuphefumula okunzima
- Intlungu yesifuba xa ukhwehlela okanye ukuphefumula ngokujulile
- Ndiziva ndibuthathaka
- Ndiziva ndikhathele
- Utshintsho kwisimo sengqondo
- Ukuphelelwa kwesidlo
- Isihlunu okanye ukuhlanza
Ukukhula
I-pneumonia inokwenzeka kubantu abaninzi abanezifo ezingapheliyo, kwaye utyando luba ngumphumo wesifo esingapheliyo.
Iimeko ezixhasayo zibonisa ukuba izigulane ezininzi zisengozini yempumoniya ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa. Ngesinye isithuba sokuhlinzwa, isigulane sinokuthi 'silele' iiyure eziliqela, kwaye nangona sisebudeni xa sifike emva kweentsuku ezilandelayo. Ukulala ebhedeni kunokunyuka nokuhamba kunokuncedisa ekuphuhliseni i-pneumonia.
Ubuhlungu buvame ukuvimbela izigulane zokuhlinzwa ngokuphefumula ngokuchukumisa njengoko ziqhelekileyo, kwaye kwenza abantu banqande ukukhwehlela. Ukuphefumula okungapheliyo kwaye kungabi ukukhwehlela xa kufanelekile kwandisa ingozi yempumoniya. Ukuba utyando lwesifuba, ngokukodwa, landisa ingozi yempumoniya ngenxa yokukhwehlela.
Kwakhona kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba i-pneumonia efunyenwe esibhedlele, eyimpneumonia yokuba izivumelwano ezithile kwisibhedlele, iyaziwa kakhulu kunokuba iyimpneumoniya enye inkontileka evela kuluntu (abahlobo, intsapho, abamelwane).
Thintelo
Kwezinye izigulane, ukugonya kwe-pneumonia kuyafaneleka, kuxhomekeka kwiminyaka yabo kunye nembali yengonyango. Ukongezelela, ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza emva kokuhlinzwa, kuyindlela enhle yokuhlala uphilile kwaye ufumane ngokukhawuleza. Ukukhathazeka xa ukubetheleka kubalulekile, kunokuba unqabise ukunyanzelisa ngenxa yokuba ukukhwehlela kukubuhlungu. Ukubetha ngomququ kunokunceda ukunciphisa intlungu xa wenza njalo.
Unyango
Unyango oluqhelekileyo unyango lwe-pneumonia yimithi yokulwa ne-antibiotiki, unyango wokuphefumula kunye nokukhuthazwa kwe-spirometry kunye nokuzikhwehlela. Ulwaphulo lwe-antibiotics luyinto ebonakalayo, kodwa loo ndlela isebenza kuphela kwi-bacterium pneumonia kunye nezinye iziganeko zibangelwa ziintsholongwane. Unyango lwe-pneumonia uhluka ngokubanzi ngokusekelwe kwimbangela yesifo kunye nobunzima beempawu. Kwiimeko apho isigulane sinenkathazo yokufumana i-oksijini eyaneleyo, ukuhlala esibhedlele kuyadingeka kwaye i-oxygen eyongezelelweyo ingafumaneka.
Iziganeko ezinzima zingadinga ukunakekelwa kwezinga le-ICU, ukungenwa nokusetyenziswa kwefenisi kunye neenxa zonke zokunakekelwa kwexesha, kodwa ezi ziqhelekanga.
> Umthombo:
> NIH. Ngubani Osemngciphekweni we-Pneumonia.