Yintoni Okufuneka Uyazi Nge-Meningitis
Ukuba uvile nge-meningitis, kwaye ingakumbi ukuba umntwana wakho unomkhuhlane ongachazi, unokukhathazeka. Yiyiphi imithini ye-meningitis? Ziziphi iimpawu? Kufunyaniswa njani kwaye uphathwa njani?
Ekubeni i-meningitis enye yesifo esinoyiyo ebuntwaneni kubazali abaninzi, ukuthatha umzuzwana ukufunda ngeziimpawu neempawu zesi sifo kubaluleke kakhulu.
Ukuqonda ezi zimpawu kunokukunceda ukuze ungakhathazeki ngokungenanto.
Yintoni i-Meningitis? -Ukucaciswa
I-Meningitis yintsholongwane exhaphakileyo ebuntwaneni apho i-microorganism ichaphazela kwaye ibangela ukuvuvukala kwamadoda-iimbumba ezijikeleze ingqondo. Ihluke kwi-encephalitis enokusulela isifo esona siphumelele izicubu ezingqondweni.
Intamo elukhuni, intloko, kunye nomkhuhlane zivame ukufunyanwa nge-meningitis, ngelixa isifo somzimba asikho. I-Meningitis, ingakumbi i-meningitis ye-bacteria, ayifani kakhulu kunexesha elidlulileyo ngenxa yokugonywa kwabantwana kwizizathu eziqhelekileyo.
Izimpawu kunye neMpawu
Wonke umntu uhlukile uma kuziwa kwindoda ye-meningitis, kodwa iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zidibanisa intloko kunye nomkhuhlane. Kwabaninzi abantwana, iimpawu ze-meningitis ziza ngokukhawuleza kwimiba yeeyure kunye neepesenti ezingama-15 zabantwana abazi lutho ngexesha lokuxilongwa.
Abanye abantwana bangaba nokuqala kweempawu ngosuku okanye ezimbini phambi kokuba i-meningitis iqhube. Izimpawu ezinokwenzeka ze-meningitis kubantwana zingaquka:
- Intamo elukhuni - Intamo eqinile ifunyanwe kuninzi lwabantwana abanesifo se-meningitis. Ukuba umntwana wakho uvile intloko ejikiweyo emva okanye ekhononda intlungu xa uzama ukuphosa intloko yakhe esiya esifubeni sakhe, kufuneka ufune unyango lwezempilo. Oogqirha bavame ukuvavanya lo bunzima obanikezwe ngamagama kwiyeza. "Uphawu lukaKernig" lubonwa ukuba luncedo xa lusizi ekwandiseni idolo nge-hip eguquguqukayo. "Uphawu lukaBrudzinski" luyinto enhle xa ukunyanzeliswa kwintamo yentamo (ukuhambisa intloko yomntwana esiya esifubeni sayo) kubangela intlungu kwaye yenza umntwana aguqule iinqumlo zakhe namadolo. Intamo eqinile ivela ngenxa yokuvuvukala kwamadoda, atyuncinane ubuncinane xa ikhanda linyanyiswa kwaye imilenze isetyenziswe ngqo.
- Intloko ephezulu.
- Umkhuhlane - Umkhuhlane unokuba ngumgangatho ophantsi (umzekelo, i-100.5 F) okanye udidi oluphezulu (ngaphaya kwe-104 F) kuxhomekeke kwindlela yokusebenzisa i-meningitis nezinye izinto. Abangama-75 ekhulwini abantwana banomkhuhlane ngaphezu kwe-100.4 F.)
- Isihlunu kunye nokuhlanza.
- Ukuqonda ukukhanya (photophobia.)
- Ukutshatyalaliswa nokungazinzi.
- Ukukhathala okanye ukutsalwa.
- Ukuxhatshazwa - Ukuxhatshazwa kuyimpawu eziqhelekileyo zesifo se-meningitis kodwa sinokuvela kwiintsholongwane zentsholongwane ngaphandle kwe-meningitis, njenge- febrile seizures .)
- Utshintsho lwemoya yengqondo, njengengqondo, i-delirium, i-hallucinations, okanye i-coma. Utshintsho lwemoya yengqondo luqhelekile, luvela kuma-70 ekhulwini kwabantwana kwisifundo esinye.
- I-fontanel ekhuphayo kwiintsana ezinama-fontanel okanye indawo epholileyo ayivali okwamanje.
- Ukukhawuleza (okungekho i-blanching (ayiguquki emhlophe xa ucinezela kuyo) ukukhawuleza kungenzeka nge-meningitis meningitis.)
- Ubungqingili bakho njengomzali ukuba into ephosakeleyo. Musa ukuthobela i-intuition yakho njengomzali, njengokuba abazali bavame ukuqonda ukuba into ephosakeleyo kakhulu ngomntwana wabo nangaphambi kokuba abanikezeli bezonyango benze njalo.
Ngelishwa, abanye abantwana abanalo iimpawu zeklasiki ze-meningitis kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kunokuba nzima ukuxilonga.
Kwiintsana, iimpawu zentamo elukhuni kunye nentloko ayisoloko ibonakala, kwaye iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ziquka ukuxhalabisa, ukunyusa ukutya, nokunyaniseka.
Iintlobo ze-Meningitis
Sivame ukuthetha nge-meningitis njengokungathi sisinye isifo, kodwa kukho ngokwenene ezininzi ezincinci ezincinci ezinokubangela ukuba i-meningitis, kunye ne-meningitis ezibangelwa zizilwanyana ezincinci ezahlukeneyo zingaba neempawu ezahlukileyo. Iintsholongwane, iibhaktheriya kunye nefungi nazo zonke zinokubangela i-meningitis, ezinobangela obuninzi bezinto eziphilayo.
Iimbangela zeViral Meningitis (i-Aseptic Meningitis)
Iintsholongwane zinoxanduva lwezihlandlo ezithathu ukuya kwezihlandlo ezininzi ze-meningitis njengeebhaktheriya. Igama elithi " aseptic meningitis " ngokuyinhloko i-meningitis eyenziwa ngenye into ngaphandle kweebhaktheriya, kwaye isetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukuchaza i-meningitis ye-viral.
Ezinye iindiza ezinokubangela ukuba i-meningitis zibandakanye:
- I-entryoviruses (eyona nto ibangeleyo) - I-Meningitis ebangelwa yi-enteroviruses ixhaphake kakhulu phakathi kukaJuni no-Oktobha. I-Enteroviruses iindiza ezinokuhlala zihlala kwi-digestive tract, kwaye ezininzi azibangeli izifo.
- Iimpilisi ze-Herpes, kubandakanywa nentsholongwane yenkukhu.
- Iifom yegciwane.
- Intsholongwane.
- Igciwane lesifo.
- Intsholongwane yaseNtshonalanga yeNayile - Intsholongwane yaseNtshona ye-Nile yintsholongwane eyasasazwa yinkomo yemsoco kwaye iyaxhaphaka phakathi kuka-Agasti no-Oktobha. Ukongeza kwimiqondiso ye-meningitis, abantu abane-virus bahlala benokugqithisa kunye neengqungquthela ezivuvuzayo. Intsholongwane yaseNtshonalanga yeNtsholongwane sele ifunyenwe kumazwe angama-46 kwaye malunga nesiqingatha sabantu abaphuhlisayo eso sifo nabo bahlakulela i-meningitis okanye i-encephalitis.
- Igciwane lesifo se-Lymphocytic virus
Iingxaki zeBacterial Meningitis
I-meningitis ye-bacterium ayiqhelekanga kunokuba i-meningitis yintsholongwane kodwa iyanzima kakhulu kunokuba neyona ingxaki enkulu yexesha elide. Isizathu esithile sogqithiso lwe-meningitis sichaphazeleka kakhulu kunye nobudala.
Iintsana (iinyanga ezi-3 zokuqala): Iimbangela eziqhelekileyo ze-bacterial meningitis kwiintsana eziselula zi:
- E. coli
- Iqela iB streptococcus
- Listeria monocytogenes
Iintsana ezindala kunye nabantwana - Izona zinto eziqhelekileyo ezibangelwa yi-meningitis kubantwana abancinci zitshintshile kakhulu kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo ngenxa yokugonywa. Izinto eziqhelekileyo ziquka:
- I-Streptococcus pneumoniae (i-pneumonococcus) - I-Pneumococcus iyona nto ibangelwa yindoda ye-bacterial meningitis kubantwana.
- I-Neisseria meningitides (i-meninogococcus) - I-Meningococcus yeso sibini esona sizathu esiqhelekileyo se-meningitis kubantwana. I-meningococcal meningitis ingavelisa iimpawu ze-meningitis kunye ne-petechial ukugqithisa (i-rash ngenxa yemida yegazi ephukileyo engagcini xa uxinzelelo lubekwe elukhumbeni.)
- I-Haemophilus influenzae uhlobo lweB (Hib) - H. I-Flu yimbangela eqhelekileyo ye-meningitis kubantwana kude kube ngama-1990, kodwa isifo manje asiqhelekanga ngenxa yokugonywa.
Ezinye izizathu ezinokubangela i-meningitis zibandakanya isifo seLyme, i-syphilis, i-ehrlichiosis, i-leptospirosis, isifo sofuba kunye nezinye izifo ezithintekayo ezinokuchaphazela inkqubo ye-nervous ( cryptococcal meningitis ) eqhelekileyo kubantwana abane-AIDS.)
Ukuxilongwa kwe-Meningitis (i-Meningitis Test)
Emva kokuthatha imbali emfutshane kunye nomzimba, ukutshitshiswa kwe - lumbar (intonga yomthambo) kuya kunconywa ukuba ugqirha wakho uxhalabele nge-meningitis. Le nkqubo inokuvakala ingcangcazela njengomzali, kodwa yinkqubo eyenziwa ngokuqhelekileyo kubantwana. Inkqubo ngokwenene ikhululekile ngakumbi kunokuba ibonakala, kwaye iimpawu ezimbi kakhulu kubantwana abaninzi kufuneka zigcinwe ngelixa kwenziwa inkqubo. Ngokugqitywa kwe-lumbar, isampuli ye- cerebrospinal fluid isuswe ukuze ihlaziywe phantsi kwe-microscope kunye nezolimo. I-CT scan yekhanda ngamanye amaxesha yenziwe ngaphambi kokuba i-lumbar puncture iphumelele ukulawula uxinzelelo olungenakunyakazelayo olunokubangela iingxaki kwinkqubo.
I-Fluid ihoxiswe kumbhobho womgudu ibhekiswa ngaphantsi kwe-microscope, ngamanye amaxesha inokubonisa ukuba isifo sisifo se-viral okanye ibhaktheriya (esekelwe kwintlupheko yetshefu kunye nokunye) kwaye yiyiphi uhlobo lwebhakteria ekhoyo. Iziganeko zentsholongwane ziyenziwa ukwenzela ukwandisa iibhaktheriya ukwenzela ukuba zenze i-diagnosis. Ulwahlulo olubanzi lwee-antibiotics luvame ukuqaliswa ngaphambi kokuba iziphumo zenkcubeko zifumaneke, kwaye ke zinokutshintshwa zibe yi-antibiotics ezibandakanya uhlobo oluthile lweebhaktheriya. "Iimvakalelo" ziya kuqhutywa, ziimvavanyo ezibonisa ukuba yiyiphi i-antibiotics esebenza kakuhle kakhulu kwi-bacterium ethile.
Ngamanye amaxesha iimvavanyo zokucinga, ezifana ne-CT okanye i-MRI yentloko zenziwa ngokunjalo, ngokukodwa ukulawula ezinye izizathu zeempawu ze-neurological.
Ukuxilongwa okungafaniyo kwe-Meningitis-Yintoni enye eyayibe nayo?
Kukho ezinye izifo ezithintekayo kunye neenkqubo ezinokuba nezibonakaliso ezigqithisiweyo nge-meningitis. I-Encephalitis ibhekisela ekuvukeleni kwengqondo, kunokuba i-meninges okanye iimbumba zifaka ingqondo kunye nomgudu womgca. Ukholo oluphambili phakathi kwe-encephalitis kunye ne-meningitis kukuba i-encephalitis inezibonakaliso zendawo (esekelwe apho kukho ingqondo intsholongwane) nangona kukho ininzi. Ngamanye amaxesha le miqathango ihlanganiswa ndawonye ngokuthi "meningoencephalitis."
Ubunzima beengqondo ngenxa yentsholongwane kunokufumana iimpawu ezifanayo, nangona ukugqithiswa kwengqondo kubakho ngokuqhelekileyo kwiindawo ezisemgangathweni. I-Sinusitis ingabangela intloko yesifo kunye nomkhuhlane. Phantse nayiphi na inkqubo yentsholongwane, eneneni, inokukhokelela kwintloko yesifo kunye nomkhuhlane, ngoko kubalulekile ukuthetha nodokotela wakho ukuba unesizathu sokuba nonke ukhumbuze i-meningitis.
Iziganeko ezingathatswayo nazo ngamanye amaxesha zingabangela ukudibaniswa komkhuhlane kunye nentloko, umzekelo, izicubu zeengqondo.
Unyango lweMenningitis
Ukwelashwa kwe-Meningitis kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lomzimba obangela isifo. Nge-meningitis enentsholongwane, injongo yonyango ngokuyinhloko kukunyamekela, kunye ne-antitivirals esetyenziswa kakhulu kwizifo ezinjenge-meningitis ezibangelwa yintsholongwane yenkukhu.
Unyango lwe-meningitis yebhaktheriya ngokuqhelekileyo uqala ngokudibanisa ne-antibiotic ebanzi. Ukukhethwa kwee-antibiotiki kunokutshintsha emva kokuba uhlolisiso oluchanekileyo lwenziwe kunye "neengqondo," iimvavanyo ezichonga iintsholongwane ezibhekiselele kwiibhaktheriya ezithile.
Kwiintsuku zokuqala ezingama-90 zobomi, i-cephalosporin yesizukulwana sesithathu isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo (kunye ne-ampicillin ngenyanga yokuqala.)
Iintsana kunye nabantwana abakhulileyo bavame ukuphathwa kunye ne-cefotaxime okanye ceftriazone kunye ne-vancomycin kude kube yinto ebonayo. Ezinye iinketho zifumaneka ngokuxhomekeke kwinto ebonakalayo yimbangela kunye nabantwana abanokuba neengxaki zokungabikho komzimba kwizidakamizwa eziqhelekileyo eziqhelekileyo.
Meningitis Prophylaxis
Kwezinye iintlobo ze-meningitis, i-antibiotic prophylaxis (i-antibiotics ukuthintela ukusuleleka) iya kucetyiswa kubafowunelwa, njengentsapho, abahlobo kunye nabanikezeli bezonyango abangabonakaliswa.
Ukuxhalabisa kwe-Meningitis
Isiphumo esilindelweyo sokuthi i-meningitis iyahlukahluka kuxhomekeke kwi-microorganism ethile ebangela isifo. I-meningitis enentsholongwane inokuba nethuba elingcono kunokuba i-bingia meningitis. Ukuxhamlaliswa kwesi sifo kuhambelana nokuthe kwangoko kungekudala isifo sifumaneka, kunye nokunyanga kwangaphambili kubangelwa ukuhlaselwa okungcono. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-meningitis ye-pneumococcal ine-prognosis ebaluleke kakhulu.
Imiphumo emide enxulumene ne-meningitis ixhaphake kakhulu nge-bacteria meningitis kune-virtual meningitis kwaye ingaquka ukulahlekelwa kwindlebe, ukukhubazeka kokufunda, ukuthintela, kunye nezinye iziphumo ze-neurological effects. Umngcipheko wokulahlekelwa kwindlebe kwi-meningitis kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwesifo se-meningitis. Uphononongo olutshanje, nangona kunjalo, ufumene ukuba ukulahlekelwa kwindlebe ehambelana ne-meningitis, kumaxesha amaninzi, ibuyiswe. Ezinye iziza-antibiotics zingakhokelela kwiziphumo ezide ezide ezifana nokulahlekelwa kwindlebe, kodwa oku akuqhelekanga kunakudala.
I-Meningitis, nanamhlanje, ihlala isifo esibi. Uninzi lwabantwana luyasindiswa kwi-meningitis enentsholongwane, kodwa i-bacterial meningitis iqhuba isantya sokufa kwama-5 ukuya kuma-15 ekhulwini kuye kuxhomekeke kwimpilo.
Ukukhusela i-Meningitis
Ukuthintela kwe-Meningitis kuthatha iifom ezahlukeneyo.
Ezinye iintlobo ze-meningitis, umzekelo, isifo samadoda esisifo samadoda, sisasazeka kakhulu. Ukuba uye wajikeleza umntu ofunyanwe nesi sifo wakho ugqirha unokuncoma ukuba uthathe amayeza okukhusela. Ezinye iintlobo ze-meningitis, ngelixa zixhatshazwayo, azivami ukuphumela kwiminitis kodwa kuphela iimpawu ezincinci zentsholongwane.
Zininzi iintlobo ze-meningitis kubantwana abathintekayo ngokugonya. Njengoko kuphawuliwe kwangaphambili, i-meningitis ngenxa ye- Hemophilis influenzae yayiyindlela eqhelekileyo ye-meningitis kubantwana kude kube emashumi embalwa edlulileyo. Ngoku ugonywa nge-HIb isitofu esenza ukuba lolu hlobo lwe-meningitis lungavamile.
Thatha umzuzwana ukuba ufunde ngeempompo ze-meningitis ezifumanekayo kubantwana, kubandakanywa ne-Hib, Prevnar, kunye ne-vaccinous meningococcal.
Unokufisa nokufunda malunga nendlela yokugonya okukhuselekayo okubandakanyeka ukubandakanya i-meningitis kuye kwehla kwixesha langaphambili lokugonya kuze kube ngoku.
Ngaphantsi kwimiqondiso ye-Meningitis kuBantwana (okanye abantu abadala)
I-Meningitis ngelishwa isifo esifana nezingane, nangona ukugonywa ngokuqhelekileyo kunciphise kakhulu umngcipheko, kunye nefuthe elide lexesha lesifo. Ngexesha langoku, izizathu zentsholongwane ziqhelekileyo.
Iimpawu ziyakwazi ukubonakala ngokukhawuleza, kunye neempawu zokunyamekela nokutya okusweleyo kwiintsana, kunye nentloko, umkhuhlane kunye nentamo eqinile kubantwana abadala. Ukuxilongwa ngokukhawuleza kunye nokunyanga kunokunciphisa ukufa kunye nemiphumo emide yeso sifo, ngoko ke nabani na ochaphazelekayo ngomntwana kufuneka alahleke ecaleni kwaye alindele unyango.
Uphulo olusebenzayo lwe-antibiotic lungenziwa ngokukhawuleza xa ukugqithwa kwe-lumbar (intonga yomgcini) okanye ezinye iilbs kubonisa ukuba ukugula kukhoyo. Ukuqulunqa isizathu esibaluleke kakhulu kunyango, ngoko kubalulekile ukuba unganiki umntwana wakho umthamo wamayeza ekhaya ngaphambi kokufuna uncedo njengoko oku kunokuphazamisa ukuchaneka kweemvavanyo. Nangona i-meningitis ingaqhelekanga kwimpilo, inokuyikrakra njengomzali. Buza imibuzo uze uqinisekise ukuba uyaqonda oko kwenzekayo kumntwana wakho. Zininzi izibhedlele zezilwanyana zinika abantu abancedisayo abanokukunceda ukujamelana nemvakalelo xa umntwana wakho uphathwa.
> Imithombo:
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> Kliegman, uRobert M., uBonita Stanton, uSt Geme III uJoseph W., uNine Felice. Schor, uRichard E. Behrman, kunye noWaldo E. Nelson. Ncwadana yeeNzululwazi. 20 Edition. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier, 2015. Print.
> Lundbo, L., kunye noT. Benfield. Izinto ezinobungozi kwi-Community-Acquired Bacterial Meningitis. Izifo ezithintekayo (eLondon) . 2017. 49 (6): 433-444.
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