Ukusuleleka kweNayile eNtshonalanga kubangelwa yi-virus ekhuselwe ngumlwanyana. Uninzi lwabantu abanentsholongwane nalo alukho iimpawu okanye zigula nje. Nangona kunjalo, kwinxalenye encinci yamatyala, intsholongwane yaseNtsholongwane ingabangela ukonakala, ukubulala ubomi besifo somlenze) okanye i- encephalitis (ukuvuvukala kwengqondo). Ezi ngxaki zengqondo zenze ukuba intsholongwane yaseWest Nile ibe yimbangela yokukhathazeka kwihlabathi.
Iimpawu kunye neengxaki
IWest Nile Fever
Amashumi angama-60 ukuya kuma-80 ekhulwini labantu abanentsholongwane yegciwane leNtshonalanga yeNayile abanalo iimpawu okanye iimpawu zesifo. Amaphesenti angama-20 aya kuphuhlisa into ebizwa ngokuba yi-West Nile fever.
I-West Nile fever isifo esizimeleyo esicatshulwa kakhulu kwiintsholongwane ezininzi. Iimpawu zihlala ziquka:
- umkhuhlane
- imisipha yomzimba
- intloko
- umqala obuhkungu
- isicupunu kunye nokuhlanza
- ukukhathala
- ukugqithisa kwesikhumba
Ezi zimpawu zentsholongwane zivame ukuphucula ngokukhawuleza emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa-nje "ukubanda kwehlobo" kunye nabantu abaninzi (kunye noogqirha babo) abazange baqonde ukuba banentsholongwane kaGawulayo yeNayile.
I-Meningitis / Encephalitis
Kwinqanaba elincinci labantu abanesifo-bacinga ukuba baphantsi kweepesenti ezi-1-isifo esinokuthintela ingozi enokuthi senzeke. Abantu abahlakulela i-West Nile meningitis okanye i-encephalitis bangafumana:
- ephezulu kakhulu
- intamo entamo
- ukudideka okanye ukudideka
- ukukhubazeka
- ukuxhamla
- coma
I-nestingitis ye-West Nile okanye i-encephalitis ingaba yingozi, nangona unyango olunefuthe.
Abaninzi abaphulukisayo baye baxilisa iimpawu ze-neurological for a year or longer, kwaye abanye bangashiywa ngeengxaki ezingapheliyo zeengqondo.
Iingxaki zeengxaki zegazi ezivela kwiWest Nile ntsholongwane zininzi kubantu asebekhulile nakubantu abanomdlavuza. Kukho ubungqina bokuthi uxinzelelo oluphezulu, ukusetyenziswa kakubi kotywala, kunye nesifo sikashukela sinokubangela ukuba ugulane kakhulu negciwane le-West Nile.
Indlela iNtsholongwane YaseNtshonalanga YaseNtshonalanga Ichitha ngayo
Intsholongwane yaseNtshonalanga yeNayile yintsholongwane ye- RNA efumaneka kwihlabathi lonke, kuquka i-Yurophu, i-Afrika, i-Asiya, i-Australia, neMntla kunye neMzantsi Melika. Nangona intsholongwane ngokwayo ayisandulanga, yayidlulele kakhulu kwiAfrika nakwiMiddle East kude kuse emashumi emashumi edlulileyo. Kwaye oososayensi baqala ukudibanisa nokugula okukhulu kwintsholongwane kuphela kuma-1990.
Impembelelo ephambili yeNtsholongwane yeNayile eNtshonalanga yiinyoni. Inambuzane idlulisa intsholongwane kwiintaka kwintaka, ivumela intsholongwane ukuba yande kwaye isasaze. Xa intsholongwane ethwele intsholongwane "ibetha" umntu, intsholongwane ingangena kwigazi kwaye ibangele ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane yaseNtshonalanga yeNayile. Intsholongwane nayo isasazeka kubantu abasulelekileyo abanegalelo legazi.
Kwintshona ye-hemisphere, iintsholongwane zentsholongwane yeNtshona Nile zibonwa ukususela ekupheleni kukaMeyi okanye ekuqaleni kukaJune ukuya kuSeptemba, xa iinjongwane zisebenza. Umngcipheko wokusuleleka usulele ufikelele ekupheleni kwehlobo.
EUnited States, intsholongwane yaseNtshonalanga yeNayile yafunyanwa kuqala ngo-1999, kunye nokugqabhuka okukhulu kwesigulo saseNew York City. Ngoku sele ichongwe kuwo onke amazwe angama-48 anelisayo. Iziganeko ezi-3000 zeentsholongwane zentsholongwane ezisuka eNtshonalanga yeNayile ziye zabonwa minyaka yonke e-United States kwiminyaka yamuva.
Unyango
Akunakho unyango oluthile lwegciwane leNtshonalanga yeNayile, ngoko ke unyango lubaluleke kakhulu "oluxhasayo." Abo bane-fever West Nile (ininzi labo abangazange bafunde ukuba banentsholongwane yegciwane leNtshonalanga yeNayile) ngokuqhelekileyo baphatha ngamanyathelo aqhelekileyo-ukuphumla, i-fluid, kunye ne-analgesics-kwaye izifo zabo zixazulula ngeentsuku ezimbalwa.
Kubantu ababhedlele abanegciwane elibi ukusuka kwintsholongwane yaseWest Nile, amanyathelo athatyathwa ukugcina umkhuhlane phantsi kwaye ugcine iimpawu ezibalulekileyo njengoko zizinzile. Nangona iyeza lokubulala untiviral kunye ne- immunoglobulin e-intravenous isetyenziselwa ukuphatha unyango lwe-West Nile kwizigulane ezibhedlele, ubungqina bokwenene abukhoyo ukuba amanyathelo anjalo anokunceda ekubuyiseni.
Ukufa kwabantu abaneentsholongwane ezinzulu zentsholongwane yaseNtshona Kapa, nangona unyango olunonyango, kuye kwabikwa njenge-2 ekhulwini kunye ne-meningitis kunye neepesenti ezili-12 nge-encephalitis.
Thintelo
Ngenxa yokuba akukho zonyango ezintle ezi ntsholongwane, ukuthintela kubaluleke kakhulu.
Ukuphepha iziganeko ezinobungozi, ukucima iindawo zokuhlala kwanoma yimuphi amanzi omileyo apho izilwanyana ezinokuthi ziphuhlise, kwaye kusetyenziswe izilwanyana ezinqabileyo, ziyimilinganiselo ebalulekileyo. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwintsholongwane yeNtshonalanga yeNayile kuye kwanciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko wokusasazwa ngegazi.
Iipilisi ezijoliswe kwiNtsholongwane yaseNtshonalanga ziphuhliswa. Nangona iigcini zehashe zinikezelwe ilayisenisi yokusetyenziswa e-United States, akukho zitofu zokusetyenziswa kwabantu azibangenanga ukuhlolwa kweekliniki.
ILizwi
Intsholongwane yaseNtshonalanga yintsholongwane yintsholongwane ephathekayo yentsholongwane exhaphake kakhulu kwi-United States kunye nehlabathi. Nangona abaninzi abantu abanentsholongwane yeNtsholongwane yaseNtsholongwane banezifo ezinzima kwaye baphinde bafumane ngokupheleleyo, abo bahlakulela izifo ezibangelwa yintsholongwane banokugula kakhulu, banomngcipheko wokufa, kwaye banako ukuhlaselwa ixesha elide. Ngenxa yokuba akukho nonyango oluthile lweNtsholongwane yeNayile yaseNtshonalanga, ukuthintela ukusuleleka kubaluleke kakhulu.
> Imithombo:
> Loeb M, Hanna S, uNicolle L, no-Al. Ukuxhamla emva kweNtsholongwane yeNtsholongwane yeNtshonalanga yeNayile. Ann Intern Med 2008; 149: 232.
> Murray Ko, Garcia Mn, Rahbar Mh, Et Al. Uhlalutyo loLondolozo, iziPhumo zexesha elide, kunye nepesenteji zokubuyiswa kwaze kwaba yiminyaka eyi-8 emva kwe-Infection-Among Among the Houston West Nile Virus Group. Plos One 2014; 9: E102953.
> O'leary Dr, uMarfin Aa, uMontgomery Sp, no-Al. Ubhubhane LweNtsholongwane YaseNtshonalanga yeNayile Kwi-United States, ngo-2002. I-Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2004; 4:61.