I-retrovirus yintsholongwane leyo i-gene iyifakwe kwi-RNA esikhundleni se-DNA. Njengamanye amagciwane, i-retroviruses kufuneka isebenzise imishini yeselula yezinto eziphilayo abachaphazelayo ukwenza iikopi zazo. Nangona kunjalo, ukusulelwa ngu-retrovirus kudinga inyathelo elongezelelweyo. I-retrovirus genome ifuna ukuguqulwa-ibhalwe kwi-DNA ngaphambi kokuba ikopishwe ngendlela eqhelekileyo.
I-enzyme eyenza oku kubhaliswa ngasemva kuyaziwa ngokuba yi-reverse transcriptase.
I-Retroviruses zisebenzisa i-reverse transcriptase ukuguqula i-RNA eyodwa-emfutshane kwi-DNA ephindwe kabini. I-DNA egcina i-genome yamaseli eseli kunye neeseli ezivela kwezinye iifom zokuphila eziphezulu. Emva kokuguqulwa ukusuka kwi-RNA ukuya kwi-DNA, i-DNA yentsholongwane ingabandakanywa kwi-genome yamaseli anesifo. Xa iinguqu ze-DNA ze-genetic retroviral zifakwe kwi-genome, iselule ke ikhohlise ukukopisha loo majethi njengenxalenye yesenzo sayo sokuphindaphinda. Ngamanye amazwi, iseli yenza umsebenzi wegciwane.
I-Retroviruses "i-retro" kuba ijika umgaqo wenkqubo yokupasa yomzimba. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iiseli ziguqula i-DNA kwi-RNA ukuze ibe yiprotheni. Kodwa nge-retroviruses, inkqubo kufuneka iqale ngokubuyela emuva. Okokuqala, i-RNA ye-virus iguqulwa ibe yi-DNA.
Emva koko iseli inokukukopisha i-DNA. Isisele sinokubhala kwakhona i-DNA kwakhona kwi-RNA njengesinyathelo sokuqala sokwenza iintsholongwane ze-viral.
U mzekelo
I-retrovirus eyaziwayo kakhulu echaphazela abantu abane-HIV . Nangona kunjalo, kukho ezinye iindidi ze-retroviruses zabantu. Ezi zibandakanya isifo se-T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV-1).
I-HTLV-1 idibene ne-T-cell leukemias kunye ne-lymphomas. Kukho ezininzi i-retrovirus ezongeziweyo eziye zachongwa njengezifo ezinye iintlobo.
Ukunyangwa kweNTSHOLONGWANE KAGAWULAYO ngenye yezizathu zokuba abantu bajwayelene kakhulu nembono ye-retroviruses. Ukuguqula i-transcriptase inhibitors yenza ezinye zeeklasi eziyaziwayo ze-HIV . Ukuguqula i-transcriptase inhibitors kuvimbela i-HIV ukuba idibaniswe kwi-genome yeselishi yommkeli. Oku, okokugcina, isalathisa ukwenza iikopi zegciwane kwaye igxininise ukuqhubela phambili kosulelo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iingxaki ezikhulayo nokuchasana nezidakamizwa ezininzi kulezi klasi.
Ama-retroviruses maxa wambi asetyenziswa njengendlela yokuhambisa imfuza ngexesha lophiko lweyeza. Oku kungenxa yokuba ezi zintsholongwane zilula ukuguqula kwaye zidibanise kalula kwi-genome ye-hostel. Oku kuthetha ukuba, kwiingcamango, zingasetyenziselwa ukwenza imishini yamaselula yenza iiprotheni ngendlela eqhubekayo. Ngokomzekelo, izazinzulu ziye zasebenzisa ama-retroviruses ukunceda iiratshi zesifo sikashukela zenza i-insulin yazo.
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