Izibalo zangoku kunye nefuthe lokukhusela i-HIV
Nangona kungekho zimpendulo ezichanekileyo xa ujongana nomngcipheko ngamnye wokufumana i-HIV, kukho imisebenzi kunye nokuziphatha okunokwandisa amathuba okusulela isifo. Oyintloko phakathi kwezi ziinkompo-ngaphantsi (ukungavinjelwa kwesondo) kunye neenaliti zokwabelana ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi .
Ngaphezu koko, ithuba lokusuleleka liyakhuphuka xa umntu enemiba emingcipheko emininzi, kuquka nabalingani bezesondo ezininzi; ukusetyenziswa kotywala okanye iziyobisi; okanye ubukho bentsholongwane yesondo .
Ukususela kumbono olandeleleneyo, amaZiko okuLawulwa kweNtsholongwane kunye nokuVikela (i-CDC) ichaze amathuba okufumana i-HIV ngeentlobo ezahlukahlukeneyo zokungabikho. Ezi zisekelwe kwi- HIV kwi-US, imilinganiselo echaza ukuba isifo sithatha kangakanani kwisithuba esithile sabantu (njengabasebenzisi abasebenzisa iziyobisi) ngexesha elithile.
Kubalulekile, nangona kunjalo, ukungadibanisi umlinganiselo wesiganeko nomngcipheko wosulelo. Ngokomzekelo, isiganeko esisodwa sepesenti asithethi elinye ithuba lokufumana i-HIV. Isibalo kufuneka sisetyenziswe nje njengendlela yokuthelekiswa ngokuthe ngantoni ekuqondeni ukuba zeziphi iintlobo zemisebenzi zingozi kunezinye.
UkuBoniswa kwezesondo kunye neengozi zeHIV
Ngokutsho kwe-CDC, ithuba lokufumana i-HIV ekulalaneni nomntu osuleleke nge-HIV luxhomekeke kuhlobo lomsebenzi wesondo, ngale ndlela:
- Ukwabelana ngesondo ngesilwanyana : Umngcipheko ngu-138 kwi-exposure ye-10,000 okanye i-1.38 pesenti
- Ubundlobongela obunqamlekileyo bokufaka isondo: Umngcipheko ungama-11 kwi-10 000 ye-exposure okanye i-0.11 ipesenti
- Ukufumana isondo ngesini : Ubungozi buyi-8 kwi-10 000 okanye i-0.08 ekhulwini
- Ukwabelana ngesini ngesini: Ingozi i-4 kwi-10,000 exposures okanye 0.04%
- Ukwabelana ngesondo ngomlomo : Umngcipheko uphantsi ukunyaniseka
Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba kukho inani lezinto ezichaphazelayo ezichaphazela ithuba lomntu lokufumana i-HIV kwintlanganiso yesondo.
Ngokomzekelo, ukusetyenziswa kwonyango ka-antiretroviral kunye neikhondom kunciphisa umngcipheko womntu wokufumana intsholongwane kaGawulayo emva kokunyanzelisa ngokwesondo ngo-99.2%. Ukongeza, i- pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) , inganciphisa umngcipheko womntu wokufumana i-HIV ngama-90% kwamanye amaqela.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amazinga aphezulu e-HIV kumntu wegazi (njengoko kulinganiswa nomthwalo we- HIV ) angakwandisa amathuba okuba umlingane wakhe uza kuhlaselwa. Ngokufanayo, ukusuleleka ngokusasazeka ngesondo kunokunyusa kakhulu amathuba omntu wokudlulisa nokufumana i-HIV .
Ukusetyenziswa kokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kunye neHIV
Ukukwabelana ngeenaliti ezinokungcola nge-HIV okanye ezinye izixhobo zonyango kunokusasaza i-HIV kumntu ongenagciwane. Ngokutsho kwe-CDC, umngcipheko wokudlulisa i-HIV ngokwabelana ngamaliti ngowama-63 kwi-10,000 exposure, okanye i-0.63 pesenti.
Ukususela ekuqaleni-ukuya ko-1990, iinzame zenze ukwandisa iinkqubo zokutshintshwa kweenaliti zokunciphisa izinga le-HIV kunye nezinye izifo ezithintekayo. Namhlanje, kukho iiprogram ezingaphezu kwe-200 e-US ehambisa amasiringi angaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-36 ngonyaka. Kwisizwe saseNew York sodwa, iziganeko ze-HIV phakathi kwabasebenzisi abasebenzisa iziyobisi ziye zahla ukusuka kuma-52 ekhulwini ngo-1992 ukuya kwipesenti nje ngo-2012.
Inaliti Inamathela Kwingozi kunye neHIV
Idata elifanayo libonisa ukuba umngcipheko wokufumana i-HIV kwisalathisi yokunqongophala kwenaliti kunye nokuba khona kwe-HIV ekhuselwe yi-HIV i-0.23 yeepesenti.
Ubungqina buxhasa ukusetyenziswa kwe-post exposure prophylaxis kwizicwangciso zonyango ezisekelwe kwiinkcukacha ezivela kwizifundo ezibuyiselwayo ezibonisa unyango ngaphakathi kweeyure ezingama-72 zidibaniswe nokunciphisa umngcipheko wokudluliselwa kwemali malunga nama-81 ekhulwini.
Igazi lokuThengiswa kunye neHIV
Nangona ingozi ye-HIV kwi- blood transfusion engcolileyo inomngcipheko omkhulu wokufumana i-HIV-phantse i-92.5-ingozi eyona nto ngoku iyancipha namhlanje ngenxa yeendlela eziphambili zokujonga igazi .
Ngokutsho kwe-CDC, ukususela ngo-1999 ukuya ku-2013, kuphela abathathu kwi-2.5 yezigidi zabantu abafumana igazi abaye baqinisekiswa ukuba bafumene i-HIV ukusuka ekutyilweni kwegazi ngenxa yokufunda okungalunganga .
Ukutshintshwa kwaMama ukuya koMntwana kunye neNgcembelelo kaGawulayo
Ukudluliselwa komama kumntwana ngexesha lokukhulelwa, ukuhanjiswa, okanye ukuncelisa kuyindlela eqhelekileyo yokuba abantwana bafumana i-HIV. Ngaloo ndlela, kucetyiswa ukuba abafazi abane-HIV akufanele batyunde (ngaphandle kwamazwe aphuhlisayo amazwe apho iinzuzo zobisi lwabantu kunye nesondlo zingaphezu komngcipheko wokusuleleka).
Iindaba ezilungileyo kukuba oomama abanentsholongwane kaGawulayo abathwala izidakamizwa ngexesha lokukhulelwa kunokunciphisa umngcipheko wokusasaza ukuya ngaphantsi kwepesenti enye ukuba intsholongwane igxothwa kuthiwa ngamanqanaba angabonakaliyo .
E-US, ukuhanjiswa komama ukuya komntwana kuthathwa njengengqabile, ngelixa ukusabalala kwandiswe kwezilwanyana ze-HIV kwilizwe eliphuhlisayo kuye kwabangela ukuguqulwa okukhulu kwamanye amazwe athathwe kakhulu eAfrika.
ILizwi
Inani kunye neepesenti ekugqibeleni zikhokelo nje. Usulelo lunakho kwaye ngezinye amaxesha luya kwenzeka emva kokuhlangana kwesondo esisodwa esingakhuselekanga. Indlela yokwenene yokwazi ukuba unesifo sukuba uhlolwe. Ngale ndlela, unokuqala unyango ngokukhawuleza kwaye uqinisekise ukuba unobomi obude, obunempilo.
Imithombo:
> Dosekun, O. kunye neFox, J. "Uluhlu olusondeleyo lweengxaki ezinxulumene nezocalulo ezahlukeneyo zesondo kwi-HIV." Iingcamango zangoku kwi-HIV kunye noGawulayo. Julayi 2010; 5 (4): 291-297.
> Kuhar, D .; Henderson, D .; I-Struble, K .; okqhubekayo. "Ukuhlaziywa kweZikhokelo zeeNkonzo zeMpilo zoLuntu ze-US zoLawulo lweeMisebenzi yokuHlaba kweeMpilo kwi-Human Immunodeficiency Virus kunye neNcomelo zePostexposure Prophylaxis." Ulawulo lwe-Infection kunye ne-Epidemiology yezibhedlele. Agasti 6, 2013; 34 (9): 875-892.
> Isebe lezeMpilo leNtsholongwane kaNew York. "Ukunciphisa Ulwaphulo olunzulu Ukuguqula umkhondo weNtsholongwane entsha ye-HIV." I-Albany, eNew York; kukhutshwa ngoMatshi 4, 2014.
> Isebe lezeMpilo laseMelika kunye neeNkonzo zoLuntu (DHHS). "Iziphakamiso zokusetyenziswa kwezidakamizwa ze-Antiretroviral Izidakamizwa kwi-HIV-1-abafazi abachaphazelekayo kwiMpilo kaMama kunye neNguqulelo ekunciphiseni ukuhanjiswa kwe-HIV kwi-United States." Rockville, Maryland; ukuhlaziywa okukhutshwe ngoMeyi 21, 2013.
> Ulawulo lweZiko lokuTya kunye neDrug (FDA). Iziphakamiso eziHlaziyiweyo zokuNciphisa iNengozi yokuThuthukiswa kweNtsholongwane kaGawulayo ngeGazi kunye neMveliso yeGazi: Imibuzo neempendulo. " Silver Spring, eMaryn; Novemba 2014.