I-Genetics, i-Numographics inikezela ingqalelo kwiNtsholongwane kaGawulayo engekho ixesha elide
Ekubeni kukho nayiphi na i-agent agent (i- pathogen ), umzimba wethu ungaphendula ngeendlela ezimbini ezibalulekileyo: inokumelana nokunyamekela i-pathogen okanye ukunyamezela.
Ukunganyangeki kwe-Pathogenic kuthetha ukukhusela ngokuzikhusela komzimba apho umzimba uhlaselwa kwaye ungathathi nto inambuzane. Ngokwahlukileyo, ukunyamezela kwe-pathogenic yimeko apho umzimba ungalwi nxamnye ne-pathogen kodwa umane unciphisa umonakalo owenziweyo ngawo.
Ngokunyamezela ukunyamezela i-pathogen-inqobo, ukuhlala ne-pathogen kunokuba uhlasele yonke into-isifo sithatha inkqubela phambili kumntu osulelekileyo nokuba xa umthwalo we-pathogen uphakeme.
Kubantu abanengxaki yokunyamezela kwezifo, umzimba uhlala kwisimo esingapheliyo sesilumkiso esiphakamileyo, ukuveliswa kwamanzi kunye neT-cell ezikhuselayo ekuphenduleni i-pathogen (kuquka ii- CD4 T-cells ezenza ukuphendula kwe-immune).
Ngokwenza njalo, isifo esinjenge- HIV sinokuqhubela phambili ngokukhawuleza njengoko kukho, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ii-CD4 + ze-T-cell ezithintelayo. Kancinci, njenge-HIV ilawula ukususa le "cell" T-cell , i-immune system iyancipha kwizinga elinjengokuba likhuseleke.
Abantu abanokunyamezela okukhulu bayakwazi ukulungelelanisa iimpendulo zokuzivikela komzimba, ngokuqhelekileyo ukuvumela ukuba kuncinci okanye akukho nxalenye yesifo kwisithuba esiphakathi kwexesha elide.
Ukuqonda ukunyamezela iHIV
Ukunyamezela ngentsholongwane kaGawulayo akukaqondakali kakuhle kodwa uphando olwandisiweyo lunikeze izazinzulu ukuba kutheni abanye abantu babhekana nesifo sengculazi bhetele kunabanye.
NgoSeptemba 2014, abaphandi baseSwitzerland Federal Institute of Technology kuZurich bahlalutye idatha esuka kwiSifundo se-HIV esiqhubekayo seSwitzerland, baqala ngo-1988, baza bajonga ngokuthe ngqo kwizigulane ezingama-3,036 ukuseka ubudlelwane phakathi komthwalo we-patient point point (ie, apho Umthamo wentsholongwane ugxininisa emva kokusuleleka kakubi) kunye nokuhla kwawo kwi-CD4 + T-cell .
Ngokwenza njalo, abaphandi bakwazi ukulinganisa kokubili ukuchasana komntu kwi-HIV (njengoko kulinganiswa nomthamo wentsholongwane) kunye nokunyamezela kwi-HIV (njengoko kulinganiswa ngesantya se-CD4 yehla). Ukubeka nje, ukunyuka kwezinga lokunciphisa, ukunyamezela komntu kwi-HIV.
Ngokudibanisa ezi ngqiqo kunye nolwazi lwesigulane kunye nokwenza imfuyo, izazinzulu zithembele ukufumana ezinye izinto eziqhelekileyo ngokubhekiselele kwiindlela ezichanekileyo ezinxulumene nokunyamezela kwe-HIV.
Oko abaPhandi baFundile
Nangona uphando lwalubekho ulwahlulo kwindlela amadoda namabhinqa ababekezelela ngayo i-HIV (nangona abafazi banama-phantse angaphantsi kwe-viral-set-point point point), ubudala bendidlala indima ebalulekileyo, ngokunyamezela ngokunyamezela njengomntu oneminyaka engama-20 ukuya kuma-40 mhlawumbi nangaphezulu ukusuka kwiminyaka engama-40 ukuya kuma-60. Enyanisweni, ngeli xesha umntu afikelele kwiminyaka engama-60, eso sifo sibonakala siphuthuma ngokuphindwe kabini izinga njengaloo-20 ubudala.
Uphando luye lwabonisa ukuba akukho buhlobo obucacileyo phakathi kokunyanzelwa kwe-HIV kunye nokunyamezela kumntu osulelekileyo-ukuba ukunyamezela kunye nokuchasana kwakuza kusebenza ngokuzimeleyo komnye okanye kwi-tandem. Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo apho bebenokusebenza khona, apho i-point-down-point point-point ehamba kunye ne-CD4 ehlayo, ukunyuka kwesifo kwakudla ngokukhawuleza ukuchaza loo mntu njengomlawuli ophezulu, okwazi ukunyamezela i-HIV iminyaka kwaye ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa kwezidakamizwa ze- antiretroviral .
Xa bejonge iindalo zokufa, abaphandi banakho ukuqonda ukuba i-genetics ayidlala ngokupheleleyo inxaxheba kwindlela umntu anokunyamezela ngayo okanye angayichasayo i-HIV, eqinisekisa ukuba nganye iyindlela ehlukeneyo yezinto eziphilayo.
Oko bafunyenayo, nangona kunjalo, kwakunjalo i-gene ekhethekileyo, i- HLA-B , yayinxulumano oluqinileyo kunye nokunyamezela / ukuchasana ne-HIV. I-gene, enika umyalelo wokwenza iiprotheyini eziphambili kwiimpendulo zokuzivikela ngomzimba, yabonwa ukuba ihluke kakhulu phakathi kweqela elijongene ne-HIV. Ezinye zeenguqu ze-HLA-B (alleles) zinikezelwa ukunyanzelwa komelele kwi-HIV, ngelixa ezinye iindidi ezihambelana nokunyamezela okukhulu.
Ngaphezu koko, kubantu abathile babonisa uhlobo olufanayo lwe-HLA-B (i-homozygotes), ukunyuka kwesifo kubonakala kukukhawuleza. Ukuchasene kwakubonakala kulabo abaneendlela ezahlukeneyo zofuzo (heterozygotes). Ngoxa idilesi yokuqwalasela iphoqeleka, akukacaci ngokucacileyo ukuba ezi zinto zifa zichaphazela njani le nto.
Abaphandi baphakamisa ukuba ezinye iindlebe ze-HLA-B zingabangela ukuqhubela phambili kwesifo ngokukhawuleza ngokugcina umzimba kwindawo yokusebenza komzimba okuqhubekayo, okubangelwa ukuvuvukala okuqhubekayo okungonakalisa iinkqubo ezininzi zegqeba kwixesha elide.
Ngokuqonda okungcono le mijelo yemfuyo, kuthiwa izazinzulu zizakukwazi ukuzenza i-moderation, ukuvumela abantu ukuba banyamezele ukusuleleka kosuleleko lwe-HIV xa benciphisa umonakalo obangelwa ukusetyenziswa komzimba / ukukhupha okungapheliyo.
Imithombo:
Regoes, R .; McLaren, P .; Battegay, M .; okqhubekayo. "Ukuphazamiseka kokunyamezela kwabantu kunye nokuchasene nokulwa ne-HIV." PLoS | Biology. NgoSeptemba 16, 2014; 12 (9): e1001951.