Ngelixesha eliqhelekileyo, ukulinganiselwa kwemvavanyo kunokuthintela ukuchaneka
Nangona isantya sobuxoki kunye neziphumo zokuvavanya ngeNTSHOLONGWANE KAGAWULAYO zingekho phantsi, maxa wambi zivela. Iziganeko zabo zichaphazeleke kakhulu kwizinto eziliqela, kubandakanywa uhlobo lovavanyo olusetyenziswayo, ukulinganiselwa kobuchwepheshe bokuhlola, kunye nexesha apho uvavanyo lomntu lwenziwa khona.
Namhlanje, izinga elibi lokungalungi kummandla jikelele wase-US li malunga neepesenti ezingama-0.003, okanye kathathu kuzo zonke iimvavanyo eziyi-100,000.
Amanani amahle angamanga aphantsi kakhulu-phakathi kweepesenti ezingama-0.0004 kunye neepesenti ezingama-0.77 - ngenxa yendlela eyenziwa ngayo isiphumo esiphumelelayo sokuqinisekisa ngokuvavanyo lwesibini.
Ubuxoki Bamanga Nxamnye Namaxoki Amanga
Ngenkcazo yayo ebanzi, isiphumo esiphumeleyo sinomntu ochonga ngokungalunganga umntu ongenayo i-HIV njengentsholongwane kaGawulayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, into engafanelekanga yinto engabonakaliyo umntu onentsholongwane kaGawulayo ngokungenasifo.
Uvavanyo lwe-HIV lusebenza ngokufumanisa i-antibodies ye-HIV kwi-sampuli yegazi okanye isampuli. Ama-antibodies angama-proteins a-Y aveliswa ngamajoni omzimba ukuze ancede ukukhusela umzimba kumalungu angaphandle, anjenge-HIV.
Ngoko ke, kwisiphumo esingafanelekanga, ukuvavanya kungaphumeleli okanye ayikwazi ukufumana iintsholongwane ze-HIV. Oku kudla ngokuba kwenzeka ngenxa yokuvavanya ngokwayo, kodwa ngenxa yokuba umntu osulelwe ngu-HIV uvavanywa kwangaphambi kwexesha elibizwa ngokuthi " ixesha le window ". Kulo xesha le-immune system ayizange ikhiqize i-antibodies eyaneleyo ye-HIV ukuba ibhalise impendulo ebonakalayo ngokubuchwephesha bokuhlola.
Ngokwahlukileyo, uvavanyo olungamanga luyenzeka xa uvavanyo lwe-HIV luchonga ngokungalunganga umntu ongeyena-HIV njengomntu ongu-HIV. Kwixesha eliyinqabileyo xa oku kwenzeka, kudla ngokuba ama-antigen afana ne-HIV ayafunyanwa. Ezinye izifo ezizimele, ezifana ne- lupus , zaziwa ngokuba zenze impendulo enjalo.
Uvavanyo lweNtsholongwane kaGawulayo
Kulo lonke uluntu, izinga lezinto ezingamanga kunye neempembelelo ezingamanga ngokubanzi zichongwa ngubuchule kunye nokuchaneka kovavanyo olusetyenziswayo. Kwisakhelo sovavanyo lwe-HIV:
- Ubuzwe buchazwa njengepesenti yeempembelelo zinyani ezichongiweyo ngokwenene. Izinga eliphantsi lobutyebi lilingana nemiphumo engafanelekanga embi.
- Ukuchaneka kuchazwa njengepesenti yezinto ezingenanto ezichanekileyo ezichongiweyo ngokwenene. Ixabiso elincinci lobungakanani lilingana nemiphumo embi.
Uvavanyo lwesizukulwana sangoku-HIV lubhekwa njengoluchanekileyo. I-HIV esekelwe kwi-HIV ELISA inokubonakalisa uvakalelo phakathi kwama-99.3% ukuya kuma-99.7 ekhulwini, kunye ne-specific 90% kunye ne-99.97 ekhulwini. Xa zidibaniswe ne-Western blot, oku kuguqulela kumlinganiselo omnye wobuxoki kwiimvavanyo ezingama-250,000 kubantu base-United States jikelele. Uvavanyo olutsha olutsha, lwesizukulwana sesine , olu vavanyo lwe-antibodies and antigen, zichazwa ukuba zinobuchopho be-klinikhi engama-99.9 ekhulwini.
I-Blood Based Based vs. Rapid Oral
Uvavanyo olusondeleyo lwe-HIV lwe-HIV luye lwafumana ukuthandwa kwiikliniki zempilo kwaye, ngoku kutshanje, njenge-over-counter-test, ekhaya lokuvavanya. Ngelixa iimvavanyo ezixhomekeke kumathambo ziqhayisa into efana neyohlobo lwazo lwegazi, zineengxelo ezibini zepesenti.
Nangona ukuchaneka kwezi mvavanyo kusacingwa njengento ephakamileyo, i-US Food and Drug Administration ibike ukuba uninzi lwee-12 kwiimvavanyo zekhaya ziya kuvelisa umphumo ongalunganga.
Izifundo ezizimeleyo zibonise ukuba imveliso engeyiyo (umz Naphezu kwezi mpazamo, i-CDC isekela ukusetyenziswa kweemvavanyo zasekhaya e-US ngenxa yokulungeleka kwazo, ukulungeleka kokusetyenziswa kunye nokukwazi ukufikelela. Ziyabonakala njengeendlela zokunyusa ukuvunyelwa kovavanyo lwe-HIV kwimimandla ebekelwe phantsi apho amaninzi angama-21 e-infections ayengaziwa.
Xa uthatha uvavanyo lwekhaya lwe-HIV, unokunciphisa umngcipheko wempembelelo engalunganga ngoku:
- Ukulandela imiyalelo yomkhiqizo kunye nokuqhagamshelana nomnxeba womthengi ukuba iziphumo zingabonakali.
- Ukuqinisekisa ukuba awuyi kuthatha uvavanyo ngokukhawuleza. Abantu ngokuqhelekileyo bahlakulela amanqanaba afanelekileyo weengqungquthela ze-HIV ezinsukwini ezingama-30 zentsholongwane, nangona ngamanye amaxesha kuthatha ixesha elide ukuya kwiinyanga ezintathu kwiimeko ezithile.
- Ukuphatha isiphumo somlomo esingalunganga ngokulumkisa ukuba ukholelwa ukuba usemngciphekweni ophezulu wokusuleleka.
Ukuba ungathandabuzeki ngemiphumo yakho yokuvavanya ekhaya okanye ungaqinisekanga xa kunokubakho ukuvezwa, cinga ukuphindaphinda kwiiveki ezimbalwa kwiziko lokuvavanya le-HIV elivunyiweyo kufuphi nawe. Ungayifumana enye ngokusebenzisa indawo ye-intanethi kwi-HIV.gov.
ILizwi
Kwimeko apho uye wachazwa ngengozi kwi-HIV, okanye ngesondo esingakhuselekanga, izilingo ezabelwana ngazo, okanye iikhondom eziqhekezayo, hamba ngokukhawuleza kwiklinikhi yakho okanye kwimeko yexakeka ukuze ufumane unyango olubizwa ngokuba yi- post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) , unakho ukukhusela isifo xa usuqaliswa emva kokuvalela.
Xa usifikile, uya kunikwa uvavanyo olukhawulezayo ukuze unqume ukuba unentsholongwane kaGawulayo okanye unentsholongwane kaGawulayo. Ukuba ungekho-HIV, uya kunikwa ikhosi ngokukhawuleza kwezilwanyana ezi-antiretroviral eziza kufuneka uzenze ngokukhawuleza kwaye uthathe iiveki ezine.
Nantoni na oyenzayo, ungalindi. Ngelixa i-PEP ingaqaliswa ngeeyure ezingama-72 zokungcola, kuthathwa njengempumelelo xa iqaliswe kwiiyure ezingama-24 zokuqala.
> Imithombo:
Umzimba, K .; von Sydow, M .; kunye no-Andersson, S. "Ukusebenza kwezizukulwana ezintathu ezenziwe ngokuzenzekelayo zidibanisa i-HIV antigen / antibody test e-screening enkulu yabaxhasi begazi kunye neesampuli zekliniki." UkuTshintshwa kweMithi. 2009: 19 (2): 78-88.
Branson, B; Owen, S; Wesolowski, M .; okqhubekayo. "Uvavanyo lweLebhu yokuHlola iNtsholongwane kaGawulayo: Iingcebiso eziPhuculo." Amaziko e-US for Control and Prevention of Disease; Atlanta, Georgia; Juni 27, 2014.
US Administration and Drug Administration (FDA). "Okokuqala Ekhaya Ngokukhawuleza-Sebenzisa i-HIV Kit evunyelwe ukuvavanya." Silver Springs, Maryland. NgoAprili 13, 2013.
Pant Pai, N .; Balram, B; Shivkumar, S .; okqhubekayo. Ukuthelekiswa kwentloko kunye nentloko yokuchaneka kokuvavanya ngokukhawuleza kokunyamekela i-HIV kunye nemimiselo yegazi ngokubhekiselele kumlomo: ukuhlolwa kweenkqubo kunye nokuhlaziywa kwemeta. " Izifo ezithathelwanayo zeLancet. NgoJanuwari 24, 2012; 12 (5): 373-380.